Typhloiulus (Typhloiulus) strictus (Latzel, 1882)

Vagalinski, Boyan, Borissov, Simeon, Bobeva, Aneliya, Canciani, Giacomo & Antić, Dragan Ž., 2022, The mostly cavernicolous millipede genus Stygiiulus Verhoeff, 1929, stat. nov.: taxonomy, distribution and phylogenetic relationships (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae), European Journal of Taxonomy 798, pp. 30-69 : 59-60

Typhloiulus (Typhloiulus) strictus (Latzel, 1882)

Fig. 11H

Material examined

BULGARIA • 1 ♀; Lovech District, Kunino, at the entrance of Samuilitsa 2 Cave; 30 Oct. 2020; B. Vagalinski leg.; under large stones with moss; IBER .

Descriptive notes

Vulva ( Fig. 11H ). Slender, of nearly equal width in both the sagittal and the transverse planes, mostly symmetric; bursa with a rather broad and deep median cleft; each valve with up to ten, mostly vertically arranged setae; several setae in a vertical row on each side sclerite; operculum (op) with broadly rounded, somewhat coarsed, apical margin, exceeding bursa by nearly 1 ⁄ 3 of total height of vulva, distally with a few long setae each side. Receptaculum seminis consisting of a narrow, partly twisted posterior tube (pt) ending in a medium-sized piriform/lemon-shaped ampula (pa), and a much broader, mostly straight anterior tube (at), not forming an ampulla at bottom.

Phylogeny

A total of 37 taxa (1 outgroup) were included in the analyses. The 28S rRNA dataset included 499 bp and 20 gaps. Of these there were 61 variable and 41 parsimony-informative sites. The 16S rRNA dataset included 488 bp with 69 gaps, 350 variable and 295 parsimony-informative sites. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses showed similar topology, but ML did not obtain strong bootstrap support. The two matrices, analyzed separately, resulted in similar topology but did not resolve deeper nodes (trees not shown). The best resolution was shown by the BI tree, inferred from the concatenated 16S rRNA+28S rRNA dataset ( Fig. 12 ).

Our analyses reproduced the results of previous studies and show agreement with published trees (see Enghoff et al. 2011, 2013; Makarov et al. 2017). The deep nodes did not receive strong support, although some monophyletic clades were strongly supported.These include the tribes Brachyiulini and Pachyiulini, as well as the clade Leucogeorgia + ( Pteridoiulus + Heteroiulus ) (see Enghoff et al. 2013). Members of the dubious tribe Typhloiulini formed a strongly supported monophyletic clade with the following topology: Rhodopotyphlus mitovi + (( Typhloiulus orpheus + ( T. lobifer + T. gracilis ))+ ( T. bureschi + T. georgievi + ( T. nevoi + ( Serboiulus deelemani + Serboiulus lucifugus )))). The newly represented species Stygiiulus fimbriatus comb. et stat. nov. grouped with Xestoiulus imbecillus ( Latzel, 1884) , the two forming a sister clade to the monophyletic (julinine/leptoiulinine) group: Ophyiulus pilosus + ( Pacifiiulus amurensis + ( Leptoiulus trilineatus + ( Leptoiulus proximus + Julus scandinavius ))).

Figures

Fig. 11. Left vulvae of species of Stygiiulus stat. nov. (A–D) and representatives of (other) Julini/ Leptoiulini (E) and Typhloiulini/blind Julini/Leptoiulini in caudal, somewhat mesal views. A. S. ausugi (Manfredi, 1953) comb. nov., ♀ from Grotta [Cave] del Calgeron (NHMD). B. S. illyricus (Verhoef, 1929) comb. nov., ♀ from Rabakova Cave (IZB). C. S. insularis (Strasser, 1938) comb. nov., topotype ♀ (CBSS). D. S. tobias (Berlese, 1886) comb. nov., ♀ from Grotta [Cave] del Subiolo (NHMD). E. Leptoiulus cf. trilineatus(C.L. Koch, 1847), ♀ from Belasitsa Mtn, Bulgaria. F. Serboiulus spelaeophilus Gulička, 1967, ♀ from Vodni Pech Cave (NMNHS). G. Typhloiulus (Inversotyphlus) lobifer Attems, 1951, ♀ from Minjera-Bauxite Mine (IBER). H. Typhloiulus (s. str.) strictus (Latzel, 1882), ♀ from Kunino (IBER). Abbreviations: at = anterior tube; la = lateral ampulla; lt = lateral tube; ma = median ampulla; mt = median tube; op = operculum; pa = posterior ampulla; pt = posterior tube. Scale bar = 0.2 mm.

Fig. 12. Bayesian inference tree based on concatenated 16S rRNA+28S rRNA dataset from Enghoff et al. (2013) and Makarov et al. (2017). The single species with newly obtained sequences is shown in red.