Phyllonorycter issikii ( Kumata, 1963 ), 2002

Lu, Ming, Li, Wei, Liu, Peng & Liu, Tengteng, 2022, Leaf-mining moths of the genus Phyllonorycter Hübner (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae: Lithocolletinae) associated with Malvaceae in China, with descriptions of one new species, Zootaxa 5205 (3), pp. 265-280 : 271-274

Phyllonorycter issikii ( Kumata, 1963)

( Figs 3–6 , 9–10 , 13–14 , 21–24 )

椴潜áḍ [Chinese name]

Lithocolletis issikii Kumata, 1963: 62 . TL: Japan. TD: EIHU.

Phyllonorycter issikii (Kumata) : Kirichenko et al. (2017: 1) [first record in China].

Diagnosis. The forewing pattern and male genitalia of this species closely resemble that of Phyllonorycter jozanae ( Kumata, 1967) , but can be distinguished by the following characteristics. In P. issikii , the first costal, first and second dorsal strigulae are strip-shaped, slender, the first costal strigula located beyond the first dorsal one ( Figs 3–4 ); while in P. jozanae , the first costal, first and second dorsal strigulae are triangular, the first costal strigula is opposite to the first dorsal strigula ( Kumata 1967: Plate 8, Fig. 3 ). In the male genitalia, the costal processes of P. issikii are asymmetric, the costal process of the right valva is about seven times that of the left valva, distal 2/3 of the left valva is almost equal in width towards the apex, the eighth sternite is slightly oval ( Figs 9–10 ); while in P. jozanae , the costal processes are symmetrical, the left valva is narrowest at 2/3 and then is gradually widened, and the eighth sternite is elongate trapezoid ( Kumata 1967: Fig. 3 ). No reliable diagnostic characters can be observed in the female genitalia.

Material examined (all China). 1♂, 3♀, Shandong, Zibo, Lushan National Forest Park, 36.309°N, 118.049°E, 500m, 6.vi.2021, mine on leaves of Tilia mandshurica , emerged 14–17.vi.2021 (indoors), leg. Tengteng Liu, field no. LU00016 , SDNU. Ent 021692 (genitalia slide no. LM0111 ♀), SDNU. Ent 021693, SDNU. Ent 021694 (LM0056 ♀), SDNU. Ent 021695 (LM0055 ♂) ; 2♀ , Shandong, Yantai, Mt. Kunyu , 37.292°N, 121.740°E, 400 m, 18.vii.2017, mine on leaves of T. amurensis , emerged 19.vii.2017 (indoors), leg. Tengteng Liu and Zhenquan Gao, SDNU.YT170703, SDNU.YT170703.1 ; 1♂, 1♀, Shandong, Yantai, Mt. Kunyu , 38.283°N, 121.736°E, 13.vi.2019, mine on leaves of Tilia , emerged 18.iv.2019 (indoors), leg. Encui Wang, Tengteng Liu and Zhongfeng Jiang, field no. WEC00030, SDNU. Ent 005357 (LM0113 ♀), SDNU. Ent 005424 ; 1♀, Shandong, Yantai, Mt. Kunyu , 37.263°N, 121.815°E, 189 m, 24.vii.2021, mine on leaves of T. mandshurica , emerged 3.viii.2021 (indoors), leg. Ming Lu, field no. LU00142 , SDNU. Ent 023653 (LM0110 ♀) ; 6♂, 10♀ , China: Shandong, Yantai, Mt. Kunyu , 37.259°N, 121.747°E, 378 m, 25.vii.2021, mine on leaves of T. amurensis , emerged 28.vii, 30.vii, 2.viii.2021 (indoors), leg. Ming Lu, field no. LU00143 , SDNU. Ent 021723 (LM0107 ♀), SDNU. Ent 021724, SDNU. Ent 023620–25, SDNU. Ent 023626 (LM0058 ♀), SDNU. Ent 023627–28, SDNU. Ent 023629 (LM0057 ♂), SDNU. Ent 023630–32, SDNU. Ent 023885 (LM0108 ♀) ; 14♂, 23♀ , Shandong, Yantai, Mt. Kunyu Majuan , 37.268°N, 121.758°E, 236 m, 21.vii.2021, mine on leaves of T. mandshurica , emerged 23.vii, 24.vii, 26.vii, 28.vii, 2.viii.2021 (indoors), leg. Ming Lu, field no . LU00129, SDNU.Ent021733–34, SDNU.Ent021735 (LM0109 ♂), SDNU.Ent021736–45, SDNU.Ent021746 (LM0038 ♂), SDNU.Ent021747, SDNU.Ent021748 (LM0037 ♀), SDNU.Ent021749–50, SDNU.Ent023633–50, SDNU.Ent023654.

Remark. Most of the specimens used in the study are the same as that of the aestival form in the original description, but the four collected from Lushan National Forest Park in Zibo (Shandong, China) on June 6, 2021. These are clearly different from both aestival and autumnal forms on the forewing markings ( Figs 5–6 ). In the aestival form the forewings have well-defined strigulae, while in the autumnal form the forewings are covered with more black and white scales, making the forewings gray with almost no markings ( Kumata 1963). However, the forewings of the four specimens mentioned above not only have clear white markings but also have additional black scales. A detailed description is given as follows. Forewing with base streak runs to half of the forewing, sometimes covered and interrupted by black scales; base streak and costal margin covered with black-brown scales. Two costal and two dorsal strigulae, all irregular in shape; first costal strigula at half of forewing, second at distal fourth, with black-brown scales between preceding strigulae; first dorsal strigula at half of wing, second at distal third. Distal part of forewing blackish brown except for the white marking.

Host plants. Tilia mandshurica Rupr. et Maxim. ( Figs 21–24 ), T. amurensis Rupr. , T. amurensis var. taquetii (Schneid.) Liou et Li and T. chinensis Maxim. in China. Hosts recorded in other parts of the world: T. americana L., T. amurensis Rupr. , T. caroliniana Mill. , T. cordata Mill. , T. dasystyla Steven , T. japonica Simonk. , T. heterophylla Vent. , T. kiusiana Makino & Shiras. , Tilia mandshurica Rupr. et Maxim. , T. maximowicziana Shiras. , T. mongolica Maxim. , T. platyphyllos , T. platyphyllos subsp. corinthiaca (Bosc ex K. Koch) Pigott , T. sibirica , T. tomentosa Moench , T. × vulgaris , T. × euchlora , T. × europaea L. ( Kumata 1963, Ermolaev 1977, Kumata et al. 1983, Kuznetzov & Baryshnikova 1998, Buszko et al. 2000, Šefrová et al. 2000, Graf et al. 2002, Šefrová 2002, Klepikov 2005, Jaworski 2009, Yefremova et al. 2009, Gutzwiller et al. 2015, Kirichenko et al. 2017, Kirichenko et al. 2019, Kirichenko et al. 2022).

Distribution. China (Gansu, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Shandong; confirmed by barcodes in Kirichenko et al. (2022), Tianjin ( Kirichenko et al. 2017)), Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Korea, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Ukraine ( De Prins & De Prins 2022).

Figures

FIGURES 1–6. Adults of Phyllonorycter spp. (All from China). 1–2, P. bilobae, sp. n.: 1, male, paratype, aestival form, SDNU.Ent023657, Jinan; 2, male, holotype, autumnal form, SDNU.Ent003568, Jinan; 3–6, P. issikii: 3, male, aestival form, SDNU.Ent023629, Yantai; 4, female, aestival form, SDNU.Ent023626, Yantai; 5, female, SDNU.Ent021694, Zibo; 6, male, SDNU.Ent021695, Zibo.

FIGURES 7–10. Male genitalia of Phyllonorycter spp. 7–8, P. bilobae sp. n.; 7, holotype, slide no. LM0079; 8, paratype, slide no. LM0073, rectangular box indicating the convex on basal 1/3 of dorsal margin; 9, P. issikii, slide no. LM0057; 10, P. issikii, slide no. LM0055, rectangular box indicating the basal 1/3 of dorsal margin slightly convex.

FIGURES 13–14. Female genitalia of Phyllonorycter issikii. 13, slide no. LM0058; 14, slide no. LM0055.

FIGURES 21–24. Biology of Phyllonorycter issikii. 21, damage of mines on Tilia mandshurica; 22–24, leaf mines; 22, 12 mines on a single leaf; 23, deformed leaf with clear white spots on the upperside, with median part green and intact; 24, extremely tiny folds on the lower epidermis. Arrows indicating the mines.