Tortrix viridana LINNAEUS, 1758

Maharramova, Sheyda, 2011, Characterization of leaf-rollers attacking forest and fruit trees in Azerbaijan (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 61 (1), pp. 223-238 : 228-230

Tortrix viridana LINNAEUS, 1758

Specimens examined:

Azerbaijan: Lenkeran District, 20 April 1994 , Q. castaneifolia , 1 ; Lenkeran District, Hirkan National Park : 30 April 1994 , Q. castaneifolia , 1 ; 5 May 1994, Q. castaneifolia , 1 ; Lenkeran District, Khanbulan area , 20 April 1994 , Q. castaneifolia , 1 , 2 ; Lenkeran District: 10 May 1995 , Zelkova carpinifolia , 2 ; 10 May 1995, Q. castaneifolia , 1 ; Sheki District, Markhal area , Quercus sp. , 15 May 1995 , 1 ; Astara District: 15 May 1995 , Q. castaneifolia , 1 ; 17 May 1995, Q. castaneifolia , 1 ; Astara District, Q. castaneifolia, Serek v., 18 May 1995 , Astara District, Q. castaneifolia , 1 ; Astara District, Serek v., 19 May 1995 , Ulmus suberosa , 1 ; 19 May 1995, 10 , 2 ; 19 May 1995, Carpinus caucasica , 1 ; 19 May 1995, P. persica , 1 ; Astara District, Tengerud v., 19 May 1995 , Q. castaneifolia , 9 ; 19 May 1995, Tilia sp. , 3 ; Astara District, 19 May 1995 , Q. castaneifolia , 2 ; Masally District, 20 May 1995 , Q. castaneifolia , 20 , 6 ; 21 May 1995, Q. castaneifolia , 3 , 1 ; Sheki District, Markhal area , 24 May 1995 , Quercus sp. , 1 ; Masally District, 24 May 1995 , Q. castaneifolia , 1 ; 27 May 1995, Q. castaneifolia , 5 ; 28 May 1995, Q. castaneifolia , 17 , 5 ; 24 April 1996, Q. castaneifolia , 1 ; Lenkeran District, Hirkan National Park : 2 May 1996 , Q. castaneifolia , 1 ; 5 May 1996, Q. castaneifolia , 1 ; Lenkeran District: 15 May 1996 , Q. castaneifolia , 1 ; 15 June 1996, Q. castaneifolia , 1 ; Astara District, Archivan v., 14 May 1997 , Q. castaneifolia , 6 , 2 ; Astara District, 16 May 1997 , Q. castaneifolia , 1 ; Astara District, Tengerud v., 19 May 1997 , Q. castaneifolia , 1 ; Baku city, 18 June 1997 , Ulmus suberosa , 1 ; Lenkeran District: 22 June 1997 , Q. castaneifolia , 1 ; 27 June 1997, Z. carpinifolia , 1 ; Masally District, 22 May 1998 , Q. castaneifolia , 1 ; Lenkeran District, Hirkan National Park : 29 April 2001 , Populus hyrcana , 1 ; 02 May 2001, Q. castaneifolia , 1 ; 3 May 2001, Zelkova carpinifolia , 1 ; 4 May 2001, Cydonia sp. , 1 ; 4 May 2001, Q. castaneifolia , 2 , 3 ; 4 May 2001, Z. carpinifolia , 5 ; 4 May 2001, Populus hyrcana , 1 ; 4 May 2001, Mespilus sp. , 1 , 1 ; 5 May 2001, Parrotia persica , 1 ; 5 May 2001, Mespilus sp. , 1 ; 6 May 2001, Cydonia sp. , 1 ; 6 May 2001, Q. castaneifolia , 4 , 6 ; 6 May 2001, Z. carpinifolia , 5 , 2 ; 6 May 2001, P. hyrcana , 4 ; 6 May 2001, Alnus barbata , 3 ; 6 May 2001, Mespilus sp. , 2 , 1 ; 6 May 2001, Crataegus sp. , 4 , 7 May 2001, P. persica , 1 ; 7 May 2001, Q. castaneifolia , 10 , 2 ; 8 May 2001, Q. castaneifolia , 6 , 20 ; 8 May 2001, U .. suberosa , 10 , 21 ; 8 May 2001, Carpinus caucasica , 2 , 3 ; 8 May 2001, Parrotia persica , 5 , 4 ; 8 May 2001, Cydonia sp. , 1 , 1 ; 8 May 2001, Mespilus sp. , 1 ; 9 May 2001, Q. castaneifolia , 2 , 2 ; Lenkeran District, Khanbulan area , 9 May 2001 , P. persica , 1 ; Lenkeran District, Hirkan National Park , 9 May 2001 , Z. carpinifolia , 2 ; 9 May 2001, Mespilus sp. , 1 ; 10 May 2001, Zelkova carpinifolia , 1 ; 10 May 2001, Q. castaneifolia , 4 ; 10 May 2001, P. persica , 3 ; 10 May 2001, Z. carpinifolia , 2 ; Lenkeran District, Khanbulan area , 10 May 2001 , P. persica , 2 ; Lenkeran District, Hirkan National Park : 10 May 2001 , Crataegus sp. , 1 ; 11 May 2001, Z. carpinifolia , 2 ; 11 May 2001, Mespilus sp. , 1 ; 11 May 2001, Ulmus suberosa , 1 ; 11 May 2001, Q. castaneifolia , 2 ; 14 May 2001, Q. castaneifolia , 1 ; 15 May 2001, P. persica , 2 , 1 ; 15 May 2001, Q. castaneifolia , 1 ; 15 May 2001, U .. suberosa , 1 ; 15 May 2001, Cydonia sp. , 1 ; Lenkeran District, Khanbulan area , 15 May 2001 , P. persica , 2 ; Lenkeran District, Hirkan National Park , 16 May 2001 , Cydonia sp. , 1 ; Lenkeran District, Khanbulan area , 16 May 2001 , P. persica , 2 ; 16 May 2001, Q. castaneifolia , 2 ; Lenkeran District, Hirkan National Park : 16 May 2001 , Z. carpinifolia , 1 , 1 ; 16 May 2001, Mespilus sp. , 1 ; 16 May 2001, Q. castaneifolia , 1 ; 17 May 2001, Crataegus sp. , 1 ; 17 May 2001, Carpinis caucasica , 1 ; 17 May 2001, P. persica , 1 ; 17 May 2001, Cydonia sp. , 1 ; Lenkeran District, Khanbulan area , 17 May 2001 , P. persica , 2 ; 18 May 2001, P. persica , 1 ; Lenkeran District, Hirkan National Park : 18 May 2001 , Carpinis caucasica , 1 ; 18 May 2001, Crataegus sp. , 1 ; 18 May 2001, Zelkova carpinifolia , 3 ; 18 May 2001, Q. castaneifolia , 9 , 2 ; 21 May 2001, P. persica , 8 , 1 ; 21 May 2001, Cydonia sp. , 1 , 1 ; 21 May 2001, Ulmus suberosa , 8 ; 22 May 2001, Carpinus caucasica , 4 ; 22 May 2001, Q. castaneifolia , 9 , 2 ; 24 May 2001, Q. castaneifolia , 7 , 3 ; 29 May 2001, Q. castaneifolia , 7 ; 29 May 2001, Crataegus sp. , 1 , 2 ; 29 May 2001, Mespilus sp. , 1 ; 30 May 2001, Q. castaneifolia , 10 , 2 ; 1 June 2001, Q. castaneifolia , 10 , 3 ; Lenkeran District, Khanbulan area , 1 June 2001 , P. persica , 2 ; Lenkeran District, Hirkan National Park : 1 June 2001 , U .. suberosa , 1 ; 5 June 2001, U .. suberosa , 6  ; 1 May 2002, Q. castaneifolia , 1 ; 3 May 2004, Z .. carpinifolia , 2 ; 3 May 2004, Q. castaneifolia , 3 , 4 ; 18 May 2004, Q. castaneifolia , 1 , 1 ; 19 May 2004, Q. castaneifolia , 1 .

We collected caterpillars, pupae, and adults of Tortrix viridana . This species overwinters as an egg, which remains dormant until the host leaf buds begin to open in mid-March or early April of the following year. The young caterpillars feed on tender leaves until late April or early May. The fully grown caterpillars eat the leaves entirely. Pupation takes place inside the rolled leaves. Moths begin to emerge about the first of May. Peak flight occurs about 10-15 May. Females lay

up to 40- 120 eggs, depending on host plant. Females begin to lay egg mass containing 2 eggs on leaves or twigs of trees completing the one-year life cycle. The literature provides somewhat varying information on host plants of T. viridana . Some authors (e.g., LOZOVOY, 1965; ABDULLAYEVA, 1990; RAYXXOLF - RIM, 2002) considered it to be monophagous, feeding on only one or two species of oak; other authors consider the species to be oligophagous, feeding on several species of oak (ZEROVAZEROVA et al., 1989). However, according to VORONSOVVORONSOV (1967), the young caterpillars have been recorded from oak, lime, and poplar. We documented T. viridana on 12 different tree species in Azerbaijan ( Table 2); Q .. castaneifolia , Z. carpinifolia , U .. suberosa , and P. persica are attacked most often by T. viridanaviridana ( MAHARRAMOVA, 2008) .

Larval survival of this species is 58 % on Q .. castaneifolia , 59 % on Z .. carpinifolia , 82 % on U .. suberosa . Female productivity varied depending on host. It was 43.5 on Quercus , 46 on P. persica , 49.6 on Z. carpinifolia , 49.6 on C .. caucasica , and 54 on U .. suberosa .