Pseudofusicoccum adansoniae Pavlic, T.I.Burgess & M.J.Wingf.

Senwanna, Chanokned, Hongsanan, Sinang, Hyde, Kevin D., Cheewangkoon, Ratchadawan, Konta, Sirinapa & Wang, Yong, 2020, First report of the sexual morph of Pseudofusicoccum adansoniae Pavlic, T. I. Burgess & M. J. Wingf. on Para rubber, Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (7), pp. 133-146 : 138-142

Pseudofusicoccum adansoniae Pavlic, T.I.Burgess & M.J.Wingf.

( Figs 2 ; 3 )

Mycologia 100: 855 (2008).

INDEX FUNGORUM NUMBER. — IF512048.

FACESOFFUNGI NUMBER. — FoF 00168.

CULTURE CHARACTERISTICS. — Ascospores and conidia germinating on MEA within 24 hours at room temperature (25-30°C) and germ tube was produced from the ends of the ascospores and conidia. Colonies from ascospores and conidia germinating on MEA reaching 2 cm after 2 days at room temperature. Colony from ascospores: initially aerial mycelium white, circular, cottony to fluffy with sparse aspects, after 10 days become light brown to whitish grey at the center, white at the edge, slight raise, fluffy, dense, undulate, after 20-25 days of incubation, colonies become iron grey to black, hyphae septate, branched, smooth, forming conidiomata at the colony margin after 30-40 days and after 4 months of incubation, no asexual-morph produced on culture. Colony from single conidia: initially aerial mycelium white, circular, cottony with sparse aspects, after 10 days become whitish grey at the center, white at the edge, slight raise, fluffy, moderately dense, after 15-20 days of incubation, colonies become iron grey to black, hyphae septate, branched, smooth, forming conidiomata at the colony margin after 30-40 days and after 4 months of incubation, no asexual-morph produced on culture.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Thailand. Phayao Province, Muang District, associated with canker disease on branches of Hevea brasiliensis ( Euphorbiaceae ), 2.X.2016, C. Senwanna, RBPY 08, MFLU 19-0239, living culture MFLUCC 17-0327; ibid. RBPY 12, MFLU 19-0241, living culture MFLUCC 17-0333; ibid. RBPY 13, MFLU 19-0242, living culture MFLUCC 17-0334; Phayao Province, Muang District, associated with canker disease on twigs of Hevea brasiliensis ( Euphorbiaceae ), 5.XII.2016, C. Senwanna, RBPY 20, MFLU 19- 0246, living culture MFLUCC 17-0339; Phayao Province, Muang District, associated with canker disease on branches of Hevea brasiliensis ( Euphorbiaceae ), 29. I.2017, C. Senwanna, RBPY 41, MFLU 19-0251, living culture MFLUCC 17-0359.

ADDITIONAL GENBANK NUMBERS. — SSU = MK 503146 ( MFLUCC 17- 0327); MK 503147 ( MFLUCC 17-0334), MK 503148 ( MFLU 19-0242); MK 503149 ( MFLUCC 17-0339); MK 503150 ( MFLUCC 17-0359).

DESCRIPTION

Associated with canker disease on branches and twigs of Hevea brasiliensis .

Sexual morph

Ascomata. (115 -)140 - 205(- 220) diam × (140 -)190 - 240 (- 285) µm high (ẍ = 178 × 219 µm, n = 15), appearing as spots on host surface, globose to subglobose, gregarious, scattered to clustered, immersed to semi-immersed, uniloculate, with a central ostiole, when cut horizontally the locular contents appear brilliantly white.

Peridium. 12-34 µm wide, outer layers dark brown to blackwalled cell, inner layers thin-walled, hyaline, composed of cells of textura angularis.

Pseudoparaphyses. Intermixed with asci, hyaline, septate, constricted at septa.

Asci. (54.5-)60-81.5(-93) × (15-)16-19.5(-22.5) µm (ẍ = 70 × 18 µm, n = 22), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindro-clavate or clavate, long-pedicellate, apically rounded with well-developed ocular chamber.

Ascospore. (10-)12-22(-27) × (4-)5-8(-9) µm (ẍ = 16.6 × 6.3 µm, n = 42), overlapping uni- to bi-seriate, hyaline, aseptate, short clavate, straight, smooth-walled, with fine granular content, surrounded by a mucilaginous sheath.

Asexual morph

Conidiomata. (110-)130-230(-280) diam × (80-)105- 180(-260) µm high (ẍ = 170 × 142 µm, n = 20), pycnidial, solitary to scattered, immersed to semi-immersed, globose to subglobose, uni- to multilocular, with a central ostiole.

Ostiole. Periphysate, necks 28-64 long, 18-65 µm diam.

Conidiomata wall. 17-48 µm wide, outer layers dark brown to black, inner layers thin-walled, hyaline, composed of cell of textura angularis.

Paraphyses. Absent.

Conidiophores. Reduced to conidiogenous cells.

Conidiogenous cells. (6-)7-13(-16) × (2-)2.5-4(-4.5) µm (ẍ = 9 × 3 µm, n = 30), holoblastic, cylindrical to sub-cylindrical, hyaline, smooth-walled.

Conidia. (14-)15-20(-21) × (4-)5-7(-8) µm (ẍ = 18.5 × 6.6 µm, n = 80), ellipsoid to rod-shaped, hyaline, aseptate, straight or slightly bent, smooth-walled, with fine granular content, surrounded by a thin mucilaginous sheath.

NOTES

The asexual morph of Pseudofusicoccum adansoniae was introduced by Pavlic et al. (2008) for isolates from Adansonia gibbosa (A.Cunn.) Guymer ex D.A.Baum , Acacia synchronica Maslin , Eucalyptus sp. and Ficus opposita Miq. in Western Australia. The morphology of our collections (MFLU 19-0239 and MFLU 19-0246, Figs 2 ; 3 ) are similar to that of the holotype of P. adansoniae ( Pavlic et al. 2008) and collections from Para rubber ( Hevea brasiliensis ) ( Trakunyingcharoen et al. 2015a) in having ellipsoid, slightly bent or irregularly shaped, hyaline conidia, which is also supported by the combined multi-gene phylogeny. However, the conidia of P. adansoniae in this study are shorter than reported byPavlic et al. (2008) (14 - 21 µm vs 19 - 26 µm) and Trakunyingcharoen et al. (2015a) (14 - 21 µm vs 16 - 25 µm).

Pseudofusicoccum adansoniae CPC 22765 Pseudofusicoccum adansoniae CPC 22763 Phyllostictaceae Pseudofusicoccum adansoniae CPC 22764 Pseudofusicoccum adansoniae CBS 122055 Pseudofusicoccum adansoniae MFLUCC 17-0333 Pseudofusicoccum adansoniae MFLUCC 17-0359 Pseudofusicoccum adansoniae MFLUCC 17-0339 81/-/- Pseudofusicoccum adansoniae MFLUCC 17-0334 (sexual morph) Pseudofusicoccum adansoniae MFLU 19-0242 (sexual morph) 95/99/1.00 Pseudofusicoccum adansoniae MFLUCC 17-0327 (sexual morph) Pseudofusicoccum adansoniae MFLUCC 14-0516 Pseudofusicoccum adansoniae MFLUCC 14-0517 Pseudofusicoccum adansoniae MFLUCC 13-0705 Pseudofusicoccum africanum CMW 48028 100/98/0.99 Pseudofusicoccum africanum CMW 48029 Pseudofusicoccum olivaceum CBS 124939 100/100/1.00 Pseudofusicoccum olivaceum CBS 124940 71/-/0.98 Pseudofusicoccum stromaticum CBS 117448 99/99/1.00 Pseudofusicoccum stromaticum CBS 117449 Pseudofusicoccum ardesiacum CBS 122063 81/-/0.98 68/63/0.99 Pseudofusicoccum ardesiacum CBS 122064 Pseudofusicoccum ardesiacum CBS 122062 65/65/0.91 Pseudofusicoccum ardesiacum WAC 13294 Pseudofusicoccum ardesiacum MFLUCC 17-0323 64/-/- 77/-/0.98 Pseudofusicoccum vilaceum CBS 124936 Pseudofusicoccum vilaceum CBS 124938 98/95/0.99 Pseudofusicoccum artocarpi CPC 22796 Pseudofusicoccum kimberleyense CBS 122058 91/95/0.99 Pseudofusicoccum kimberleyense CBS 122060 Phyllosticta hypoglossi CBS 101.32 Phyllosticta citriasiana CBS 120486 64/76/0.94 100/100/1.00 Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae CPC 22758 100/100/1.00 Lasiodiplodia theobromae MFLUCC 12-0293 100/100/1.00 Diplodia mutila CBS 122553 Botryosphaeriaceae 90/-/0.99 Diplodia seriata CBS 122555 100/100/1.00 Neofusicoccum parvum CBS 110301 99/99/1.00 Neofusicoccum parvum CMW 9081 100/100/1.00 Botryosphaeria corticis CBS 119047 100/100/1.00 Botryosphaeria corticis ATCC 22927 98/96/0.99 Botryosphaeria dothidea CBS 115476 100/100/1.00 Endomelanconiopsis endophytica CBS 120397 -/100/1.00 Endomelanconiopsis endophytica CBS 122550 Saccharata kirstenboschensis CBS 123537 88/-/- 100/100/1.00 Saccharata hawaiiensis CBS 111787 100/99/1.00 Saccharata capensis CBS 122693 Saccharataceae Septorioides pini-thunbergii CBS 473.91 92/-/0.97 100/100/1.00 Septorioides strobi CBS 141443 73/-/- Aplosporella artocarpi CPC 22791 100/100/0.99 Bagnisiella sp. CBS 513.84 Aplosporellaceaeae 68/-/- 100/100/1.00 Bagnisiella examinas CBS 551.66 Aplosporella yalgorensis MUCC 511 100/100/1.00 Melanops tulasnei CBS 116806 Melanopsaceae 60/-/- Melanops tulasnei CBS 116805 100/100/1.00 Kellermania yuccigena CBS 131727 Planistromellaceae Kellermania anomala CBS 132218 100/80/0.99 Umthunziomyces hagahagensis CBS 142084 Phaeosphaeria ammophilae CBS 114595 0.2

This may be due to distribution and morphological variability within the species. In this study, isolates of the sexual morph of P. adansoniae associated with canker and were observed directly on branches and twigs of Hevea brasiliensis ( Fig. 2 ). Phylogenetically, isolates from the sexual morph of P. adansoniae (MFLUCC 17-0327, MFLUCC 17-0334 and MFLU 19-0242) group with the ex-type strain CBS 122550 ( Fig. 1). Therefore, this is the first report of the sexual morph of P. adansoniae .

Figures

FIG. 2. — Pseudofusicoccum adansoniae Pavlic, T.I.Burgess & M.J.Wingf. (MFLU 19-0246): A, B, habit on host substrate; C, section through the conidiomata; D, peridium; E, F, conidiophore and conidiogenous cells; G, conidia (mounted in double-distilled water);H-J, conidia with mucilaginous sheath (arrows) (stained in Indian ink); K, germinated spores; L, M, upper and reverse view of the culture after ten days. Scale bars: A-C, 200 µm; D, 20 µm; E-K, 10 µm.

FIG. 3. — Pseudofusicoccum adansoniae Pavlic, T.I.Burgess & M.J.Wingf. (MFLU 19-0239): A, habit of ascoma in bark; B, transverse sections through ascomata; C, D, section through the ascoma; E, peridium; F, pseudoparaphyses; G, H, asci; I, ascospores (mounted in double-distilled water); J, K, upper and reverse view of the culture after ten days; L-O, ascospores with mucilaginous sheath (arrows) (stained in Indian ink); P, germinated spores. Scale bars: A, B, 500 µm; C, 200 µm; D, 50 µm; E-H, 30 µm; I, L-P, 10 µm.