Typhochlaena costae, Bertani, Rogerio, 2012

Bertani, Rogerio, 2012, Revision, cladistic analysis and biogeography of Typhochlaena C. L. Koch, 1850, Pachistopelma Pocock, 1901 and Iridopelma Pocock, 1901 (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Aviculariinae), ZooKeys 230, pp. 1-94 : 16-17

Typhochlaena costae sp. n. Figs 12-15, 25, 28

Diagnosis.

Males differ from those of other species by the short and slender embolus (Figs 12-14). Females differ by the non-spiraled spermathecae, lacking lobes, diverging on their base and converging on their distal portions (Fig. 15). Additionally, males and females have cephalothorax brown and abdomen dorsally black with two series of four red spots extending laterally. Carapace, dorsum of chelicerae and most anterior dorsal region of abdomen with very long, yellow, stiff setae (Fig. 25).

Etymology.

The specific name is a matronym in honour of Miriam Costa, who collected the holotype and several other new spider species during several years she worked at Instituto Butantan.

Types.

Holotype female, Brazil, state of Tocantins, Palmas, U.H.E. Luis Eduardo Magalhães [10°12'S, 48°24'W], 211 m.a.s.l, during faunal rescuing, M. Costa and D. Candido, 12 January 2002 (IBSP unnumbered); Paratype male, Brazil, state of Tocantins, Lajeado, (9°46'4.85"S, 48°21'6.69"W), 226 m.a.s.l, G. Puorto, R. Martins, I. Knysak (pitfall trap), April 2002 (IBSP unnumbered).

Additional material examined.

Brazil: Maranhão /Piaui border, 1 immature, C. E. V. Toledo, February 2010 (MZSP 36880).

Description.

Holotype female (IBSP unnumbered). Carapace 6.2 long, 6.0 wide, chelicerae 2.9. Legs (femur, patella, tibia, metatarsus, tarsus, total): I: 4.1, 2.9, 2.8, 2.4, 1.9, 14.1. II: 4.0, 2.8, 2.8, 2.2, 1.7, 13.5. III: 4.1, 2.6, 2.5, 2.2, 1.8, 13.2. IV: 4.9, 2.7, 3.3, 2.9, 1.8, 15.6. Palp: 3.4, 2.2, 1.8, -, 2.3, 9.7. Mid-widths (lateral): femora I -IV = 1.4, 1.5, 1.2, 1.2, palp = 1.0; patellae I–IV = 1.4, 1.4, 1.3, 1.2, palp = 1.1; tibiae I–IV = 1.3, 1.5, 1.2, 1.2, palp = 1.3; metatarsi I–IV = 1.2, 1.3, 0.9, 0.9; tarsi I–IV = 1.2, 1.2, 1.0, 0.9, palp = 1.2. Abdomen 8.3 long, 5.5 wide. Spinnerets: PMS, 0.9 long, 0.5 wide, 0.3 apart; PLS, 1.3 basal, 0.7 middle, 0.5 distal; mid-widths (lateral), 0.9, 0.6, 0.5, respectively. Carapace: length to width 1.03. Fovea 1.4 wide. Eyes: tubercle 0.3 high, 1.2 long, 1.7 wide. Clypeus 0.3. Anterior eye row procurved, posterior slightly recurved. Eyes size and inter-distances: AME 0.4, ALE 0.5, PME 0.2, PLE 0.4, AME–AME 0.3, AME–ALE 0.2, AME–PME 0.2, ALE–ALE 1.1, ALE–PME 0.4, PME–PME 1.0, PME–PLE 0.1, PLE–PLE 1.3, ALE–PLE 1.3, AME–PLE 0.2. Ratio of eye group width to length 2.0. Maxillae: length to width: 1.9. Cuspules: 69 spread over ventral inner heel. Labium: 0.8 long, 1.3 wide, with 80-90 cuspules spaced by one diameter from each other on the anterior third. Labio-sternal groove shallow, flat, sigilla not evident. Chelicerae: basal segments with six teeth having similar size and well spaced from each other. Sternum: 2.7 long, 2.8 wide. Legs: leg formula: IV I II III. Scopula: tarsi I–III fully scopulate, IV divided by row of 6-7 setae. Metatarsi I–II fully scopulate; III 4/5, IV 1/3 distal scopulate. IV divided by six wide row of setae. Spines absent on all legs and palps. Urticating hairs type II (0.33 long, 0.01 wide) on the abdomen dorsum. Genitalia: paired spermathecae diverging basally and curving abruptly inwards medially (Fig. 15). Color pattern: carapace, chelicerae and dorsum of legs and palps dark brown with light brown hairs. Coxae, labium, maxilla and legs ventrally brown. Sternum darker. Longitudinal stripes on dorsum of femora, patellae, tibiae and metatarsi light brown. Distal femora, patellae, tibiae and metatarsi with white rings. Abdomen dorsally black with two series of four red spots extending laterally. Abdomen ventrally black with three transversal grayish stripes. Carapace covered with very long, yellow, stiff setae in cephalic region and in front of eye tubercle. Same type of yellow setae on dorsum of chelicerae, in internal half area and in most anterior dorsal region of abdomen. Rest of abdomen dorsum has some long, scattered, white setae (Fig. 25).

Description.

Paratype male (IBSP unnumbered). Carapace 6.5 long, 6.1 wide, chelicerae 2.8. Legs (femur, patella, tibia, metatarsus, tarsus, total): I: 7.0, 3.2, 5.3, 4.4, 2.7, 22.6. II: 6.4, 3.1, 4.8, 4.0, 2.3, 20.6. III: 5.7, 2.8, 4.2, 4.0, 2.4, 19.1. IV: 6.9, 2.9, 5.7, 5.8, 2.4, 23.7. Palp: 3.5, 2.0, 2.6, -, 1.1, 9.2. Mid-widths (lateral): femora I–IV = 1.2, 1.4, 1.3, 1.1, palp = 0.9; patellae I–IV = 1.2, 1.3, 1.2, 1.3, palp = 1.1; tibiae I–IV = 1.2, 1.0, 1.1, 0.9, palp = 1.1; metatarsi I–IV = 0.9, 0.9, 0.9, 0.8; tarsi I–IV = 1.0, 0.9, 1.0, 0.8, palp = 1.0. Abdomen 6.4 long, 4.0 wide. Spinnerets: PMS, 0.7 long, 0.4 wide, 0.1 apart; PLS, 0.8 basal, 0.5 middle, 0.6 distal; mid-widths (lateral), 0.8, 0.7, 0.5, respectively. Carapace: length to width 1.06. Fovea 0.9 wide. Eyes: tubercle 0.4 high, 1.2 long, 1.7 wide. Clypeus 0.1. Anterior eye row procurved, posterior straight. Eye sizes and inter-distances: AME 0.4, ALE 0.4, PME 0.2, PLE 0.3, AME–AME 0.3, AME–ALE 0.2, AME–PME 0.1, ALE–ALE 1.2, ALE–PME 0.2, PME–PME 1.0, PME–PLE 0.1, PLE–PLE 1.4, ALE–PLE 0.1, AME–PLE 0.3. Ratio of eye group width to length 2.5. Other characters as in female, except: maxillae: length to width: 1.4. Cuspules: 45 spread over ventral inner heel. Labium: 0.7 long, 1.2 wide, with 70-80 cuspules. Chelicerae: basal segments with seven teeth. Sternum: 3.0 long, 2.9 wide. Scopula: tarsi I–IV fully scopulate, IV with a few sparse setae. Metatarsi I–II 4/5 scopulate; III 1/2 distal scopulate; IV 1/3 distal scopulate. IV divided by three wide row of setae. Urticating hairs type II (0.42 to 0.68 long, 0.01 to 0.02 wide) on the abdomen dorsum. Palp: embolus 1.2 long, with a 45° curvature to the retrolateral side. Embolus basal, middle and distal width of 0.15, 0.06 and 0.05, respectively. Tegulum 0.8 long. (Figs 12-14).

Distribution.

Brazil, states of Tocantins, Maranhão and Piaui (Fig. 28).

Natural history.

No available data. The male was collected by pitfall trap, the female was taking during a faunal rescue in a flooded area, and the immature in fossil tree samples coming from states of Maranhão and Piauí border.