Paramedetera, Grootaert & Meuffels, 1997

Grootaert, Patrick, 2006, The Genus Paramedetera (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) In Singapore, With A Key To The Oriental Species, Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 54 (1), pp. 49-57 : 55

Key to male Paramedetera from the Oriental and Australasian fauna

Since there are very little non-genital characters of diagnostic value, the key is largely based on the shape of male genital appendages. It is conceived as such that when the hypopygium is detached from the abdomen, most species can be identified. For unambiguous identification, the hypopygium should be removed, macerated and mounted for microscopic study. I suggest using mainly the composite Figs. 13-26.

1. Aedeagus with large pointed, black prongs directed inwards ( Fig. 13 ) ( Thailand) .................................................. P. horrorifera

– Aedeagus usually without prongs; when prongs present, then small and pale ....................................................................... 2

2. Tips of wings of aedeagus rounded in lateral view ( Figs. 14-20 ) ............................................................................................... 3

– Tip of aedeagal wings sharply pointed in lateral view ( Figs. 21- 26 ) ......................................................................................... 9

3. Inner edge of at least one aedeagal wing ( Fig. 15 ) with one or two tooth-like projections ( Figs. 14, 15, 16 ) ........................ 4

– Inner edge of aedeagal wings smooth, without tooth-like projection ( Figs. 17-20 ) ........................................................ 6

4. Hypandrium distinct; inner rim of aedeagal wings with small, tooth-like projections ............................................................ 5

– Hypandrium not distinct; inner rim of aedeagal wings with two, large, well separated tooth-like projections ( Figs. 8 , 14 ) ( Singapore) .............................................................. P. chelata

5. In ventral view: inner rim (border) of aedeagal wings each with a single tooth close to tip; median epandrial seta on a long tubercle ( Fig. 15 ) ( China, Henan) ........................ P. medialis

– In ventral view: inner rim (border) of aedeagal wings with pointed tip and a tooth-like projection close to the tip; hypandrium large triangular, with truncate tip ( Fig. 16 ) ( Indonesia, Sumatra) ........................................ P. sumatrensis

6. Lateral epandrial setae on distinct tubercle .......................... 7

– Lateral epandrial setae not on a tubercle /or on a small elevation only ........................................................................................ 8

7. No hypandrium ( Fig. 17 ) (Borneo, Brunei) ….. P. bruneiensis

– Hypandrium very short, triangular ( Fig. 18 ) ( Thailand) .......... .................................................................................. P. turschi 8. Hypandrium absent ( Fig. 20 ). Median epandrial setae on a short tubercle ( Papua New Guinea) ............................. P. papuensis

– Hypandrium indistinct (triangular) ( Fig. 19 ). Median epandrial seta not on a tubercle; tip of wings on aedeagus pointed downwards (Sumatra) ......................................... P. orientalis

9. Tip of aedeagus in lateral view like a bird’s head: rounded above and with a beak-like projection below, either directed up or down ( Figs. 21, 22, 23, 24 ) .......................................................... 10

– Tip of aedeagus simply pointed ( Figs. 25, 26 ), not like a bird’s head in lateral view ............................................................. 13

10. Tip of beak-like projection turned up ( Fig. 21, 24 ) ........... 11

– Beak-like projection pointing down ( Figs. 22, 23 ) ............ 12

11. Lateral epandrial setae not tuberculate ( Fig. 21 ) ( China, Guangxi) ............................................................................ P. jinxiuensis

– Lateral epandrial setae tuberculate ( Figs. 1 , 24 ) ( Singapore) .. ............................................................................ P. micropyga

12. Median epandrial seta not on a tubercle ( Fig. 22 ) ( Thailand, Singapore) ............................................................ P. ankarum

– Median epandrial seta on a short tubercle. Inner border of aedeagal wings with a tooth-like projection ( Fig. 23 ) (Borneo, Brunei) ............................................................... P. borneensis

13. Aedeagus orange, tip of aedeagal wings sharply pointed, directed downwards; hypandrium triangular, pointed; basal epandrial seta on a rounded lobe; a finger-like projection at each side of the base of epandrium ( Figs. 11, 12 , 25 ) ( Singapore) ...... P. digitata

– Aedeagus black ( Figs. 6 , 26 ); hypandrium indistinct, broadly rounded, no finger-like projection at base of epandrium ( Singapore) ............................................................. P. obscura

Figures

Figs. 13-26. Ventral (upper) and lateral view (lower) of aedeagal wings and hypandrium of Oriental and Australasian Paramedetera. 13, horrorifera; 14, chelata; 15, medialis; 16, sumatrensis; 17, bruneiensis; 18, turschi; 19, orientalis; 20, papuensis; 21, jinxiuensis; 22, ankarum; 23, borneensis; 24, micropyga; 25, digitata; 26, obscura.

Figs. 8-10. Paramedetera chelata, new species: 8, hypopygium ventral view; 9, tip of dorsal surstylus, cercus dorsally; 10, hypopygium lateral view.

Figs. 1-3. Paramedetera micropyga, new species: 1, hypopygium ventral view; 2, aedeagus, ventral view; 3, hypopygium lateral view. ae: aedeagus; c: cercus; hy: hypandrium; les: lateral epandrial setae; mes: median epandrial seta.

Figs. 11-12. Paramedetera digitata, new species: 11, hypopygium ventral view; 12, hypopygium lateral view.

Figs. 6-7. Paramedetera obscura, new species: 6, hypopygium ventral view; 7, hypopygium lateral view.