Solanum glandulosipilosum Bitter, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 11: 213. 1912.

Knapp, Sandra, Saerkinen, Tiina & Barboza, Gloria E., 2023, A revision of the South American species of the Morelloid clade (Solanum L., Solanaceae), PhytoKeys 231, pp. 1-342 : 1

21. Solanum glandulosipilosum Bitter, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 11: 213. 1912.

Figs 2E , 65 , 66

Solanum adenochlamys Bitter, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 169. 1914. Type. Argentina. Salta: Rosario de la Frontera, 7 Jan 1905, M. Lillo 3851 (lectotype, designated by Barboza et al. 2013, pg. 248: CORD [CORD00004103]; isolectotypes: A [01011895], G, LIL [LIL001446, acc. # 89084], NY [00139045]).

Solanum fabrisii Cabrera, Hickenia 1(31): 164. 1978. Type. Argentina. Jujuy: Santa Bárbara, El Fuerte, Loma Grande, 22 Nov 1970, A.L. Cabrera & H. Fabris 21071 (no herbaria cited; lectotype, designated here: SI [003282, acc. # 065903]; isotypes: CORD [CORD00006801], LP [LP005354], SI [003662, acc. # 074664]).

Type.

Argentina. Tucumán: Siambón, Sierra de Tucumán, 11-17 Jan 1873, P.G. Lorentz & G. Hieronymus 1035 (holotype: B, destroyed [F neg. 2776]; lectotype, designated by Barboza et al. 2013, pg. 248: CORD [CORD00004216]; isolectotype: GOET [GOET003257]) .

Description.

Woody perennial herbs 0.6-1.2 m high, erect with a woody base. Stems terete, densely papillate and glandular-pubescent with transparent 2-8-celled simple uniseriate trichomes 0.5-1.5 mm long, these spreading; new growth densely glandular-pubescent with 2-8-celled transparent simple uniseriate trichomes like the stems, of varying lengths; bark of older stems greenish brown, pubescent (not markedly glabrescent). Sympodial units difoliate, the leaves not geminate. Leaves simple, entire, the blades 3.5-9(17) cm long, 1.7-5.5.(8.5) cm wide, ovate to narrowly ovate to elliptic, widest in the lower third or near the middle, membranous, concolorous, the lower leaves can be very large and are not often preserved on herbarium specimens; adaxial surfaces moderately and evenly glandular-pubescent with transparent simple uniseriate trichomes, these to 1 mm long on veins, shorter on the lamina; abaxial surfaces glandular pubescent like the upper surfaces, but the trichomes denser along the veins; principal veins 5-8 pairs; base more or less truncate to acute, oblique, not strongly decurrent onto the petiole; margins entire or occasionally slightly toothed in the lower third to half of the leaf blade; apex acute to acuminate; petiole 0.7-2(4) cm long, glandular-pubescent like the stems. Inflorescences internodal or occasionally opposite the leaves, forked or less commonly unbranched, 1-3 cm long, with 10-20 flowers clustered at the tips of the branches, glandular-pubescent with spreading, transparent simple uniseriate trichomes like those of the stems; peduncle 0.9-1.5 cm long, very obvious and erect in forked inflorescences; pedicels 0.7-0.9 cm long, ca. 0.25 mm in diameter at the base, ca. 0.5 mm in diameter at the apex, filiform, spreading at anthesis, densely glandular-pubescent with simple uniseriate trichomes to 1.5 mm long; pedicel scars closely spaced less than 0.5 mm apart at the tips of the branches to irregularly spaced ca. 1 mm apart in fruiting inflorescences, articulated at the base. Buds narrowly ellipsoid, the corolla strongly exserted from calyx before anthesis. Flowers 5-merous, cosexual (hermaphroditic). Calyx tube 1-1.5 mm long, conical, the lobes 1-2.5 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide, narrowly triangular, densely glandular-pubescent with spreading, transparent, simple uniseriate trichomes 1-1.5 mm long. Corolla 1.2-1.6 cm in diameter, white with a green central eye rimmed with purple or brown, stellate, lobed ca. 2/3 of the way to the base, the lobes 2-4 mm long, 3-6 mm wide, deltate, reflexed at anthesis, adaxially glabrous, abaxially glandular-pubescent with simple uniseriate trichomes especially along the midvein and at the tip. Stamens equal; filament tube minute; free portion of the filaments 1-1.5 mm long, glabrous or with a few tangled simple uniseriate trichomes adaxially; anthers 4-4.5 mm long, 1-1.1 mm wide, narrowly ellipsoid, yellow, poricidal at the tips, the pores lengthening to slits with age. Ovary conical, glabrous; style 5.5-7 mm long, straight, exserted beyond the anther cone, densely papillate with eglandular trichomes in the lower third; stigma clavate to capitate and lightly bilobed, the surface minutely papillate. Fruit a globose berry, 0.4-0.6 cm in diameter, green when mature, the pericarp thin, matte or slightly shiny, opaque, glabrous; fruiting pedicels 1-1.2 cm long, ca. 0.5 mm in diameter at the base, ca. 0.75 mm in diameter at the apex, not markedly woody, spreading, not persistent; fruiting calyx not accrescent, appressed to the berry to slightly spreading. Seeds 20-30 per berry, 1-1.2 mm long, 0.8-1 mm wide, flattened and teardrop shaped, pale yellowish tan, the surfaces minutely pitted, the testal cells sinuate in outline. Stone cells 6 (14 fide Bitter 1914a), scattered through the mesocarp, 4 ca. 1 mm in diameter, 2 ca. 0.4 mm in diameter. Chromosome number: n = 12 ( Moscone 1992; voucher Subils et al. 3609).

Distribution

(Fig. 67 ). Solanum glandulosipilosum is known from southern Bolivia (Provs. Chuquisaca and Tarija) and northern Argentina (Depts. Jujuy, Salta and Tucumán).

Ecology and habitat.

Solanum glandulosipilosum grows in moist forests, often in somewhat disturbed sites, from 350 to 2,640 m elevation.

Common names and uses.

None recorded.

Preliminary conservation status

( IUCN 2022). Least Concern [LC]. EOO = 269,652 km2 [LC]; AOO = 140 km2 [EN]. Solanum glandulosipilosum is a plant of disturbed and open areas and is relatively widely distributed. It has been recorded from protected areas in Argentina (Parque Nacional Baritú) and from near the Reserva Nacional de Tariquía (Bolivia).

Discussion.

Solanum glandulosipilosum is morphologically most similar to S. aloysiifolium , sharing with that species narrowly ellipsoid buds and small green or purple berries. It differs from S. aloysiifolium in its copious glandular pubescence and fewer (6 versus 10) stone cells per berry. The two species are sympatric, growing in similar disturbed and moist forest habitats, but are easily distinguishable vegetatively. Särkinen et al. (2015b) did not resolve the two species as sister; S. glandulosipilosum resolved as a member of a group with S. americanum , S. nigrescens and other North American taxa together with a large number of polyploid taxa with no obvious morphological affinity, while S. aloysiifolium was sister to somewhat similar and geographically close S. chenopodioides and S. enantiophyllanthum .

In describing Solanum fabrisii , Cabrera (1978) cited only the herbarium SI, not which of the two sheets of Cabrera & Fabris 21701 held there was the type; one sheet is annotated as “holotype” with a typed label and is the best preserved of the two duplicates at SI (003282); we select this sheet as the lectotype.

Figures

Figure 2. Representative habits and leaves of South American morelloids A prostrate annual herbs (S. weddellii) B large lax shrubs (S. aloysiifolium) C roots forming along a creeping stem (S. juninense) D spinose processes on stems of many species (S. huayavillense) E glandular trichomes found in some members of the clade (S. glandulosipilosum) F dendritic / branched trichomes found in S. pallidum G regularly 3 - lobed leaves in S. palitans H highly variable leaves along a single stem in S. salicifolium (A Saerkinen et al. 4038 B Barboza et al. 3505 C Saerkinen et al. 4754 D Barboza et al. 3536 E Barboza et al. 3520 F Saerkinen et al. 4010 G Atchison & Gagnon 25 H Barboza et al. 3473). Photos by S. Knapp, G. Atchison, and T. Saerkinen.

Figure 65. Solanum glandulosipilosum A flowering and fruiting branch B inflorescence C flower D calyx E dissected flower F stamen, dorsal view G stamen, ventral view H gynoecium (A-H Venturi 2450). Illustration by L. Ribulgo. Previously published in Barboza et al. (2013: 248).

Figure 66. Solanum glandulosipilosum A habit B inflorescence with buds C flowers at full anthesis D maturing fruits (A-C Barboza et al. 3520; D Barboza et al. 3504). Photos by S. Knapp.

Figure 67. Distribution map of Solanum glandulosipilosum.