Chrysis solida Haupt, 1957

Paukkunen, Juho, Rosa, Paolo, Soon, Villu, Johansson, Niklas & Ødegaard, Frode, 2014, Faunistic review of the cuckoo wasps of Fennoscandia, Denmark and the Baltic countries (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), Zootaxa 3864 (1), pp. 1-67 : 41

57. Chrysis solida Haupt, 1957

Chrysis ignita solida Haupt 1957: 115 . Lectotype ♀ (designated by Niehuis 2000: 199); Poland: Bellinchen [= Bielinek] (MLU).

Chrysis ignita var. mediata [part.]: Hellén 1952: 180 (as C. ignita var. mediater ).

Chrysis mediata fenniensis Linsenmaier 1959: 154 . Holotype ♀; Finland: Hattula (NMLS) (examined). Erlandsson 1971: 88, Silfverberg 1981: 61, Vikberg 1986b: 68.

Chrysis mediata [part.]: Valkeila 1962: 64, Valkeila et al. 1963: 40, Hedström 1989: 154, Kimsey & Bohart 1991: 437, Nilsson 1991: 82, Abenius 2004 a, Abenius & Larsson 2005, Hallin 2007: 21, Karlsson 2008, Hallin 2009: 10, Allearter.dk 2010, Artsdatabanken 2010, Ødegaard et al. 2011: 64, Hallin 2012.

Chrysis scintillans Valkeila 1971: 85 . Holotype ♀; Finland: Vanaja (MZH) (examined), new synonym. Erlandsson 1971: 88, Bergman & Hackman 1972: 97, Vikberg 1986b: 68.

Chrysis solida: Söderman & Vikberg 2003: 45 , Soon 2004: 23, 46, Abenius & Larsson 2007, Valtonen 2007: 20, Fritz & Larsson 2010: 151, Johansson 2010: 118, Orlovskytė et al. 2010: 151, Smissen 2010d: 393, Sörensson 2010: 68, Molander 2011: 95, Ranta 2012: 33, Rosa & Soon 2012, Dyntaxa 2013, Soon et al. 2014: 304, 315–316.

Chrysis mediata solida: Humala & Polevoi 2012: 142 .

Material examined: * Latvia (total 17 exx.): Basi; Bērze; Cēsis; Cesvaine; Riga; Jaunlaicene; Jekabnieki; Ropaži; Rūjiena; Sariena; Tērvete.

Distribution. Denmark, Estonia, Finland, * Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Sweden, Russian Fennoscandia.—Transpalearctic: from West Europe to Japan ( Linsenmaier 1997).

Remarks. This taxon is closely related with C. mediata , as discussed above, and the status of these two taxa is somewhat uncertain. Despite clear differences in their biology and host selection, they are similar genetically and morphologically. As many authors have considered C. solida to be synonymous with C. mediata , published records of C. mediata may mean either species. We have placed these records mostly under C. solida , because it is significantly the more common of the two species in the studied area. Soon (2004) reported C. solida from Denmark based on 46 Danish specimens deposited in ZMUC, which were determined as C. mediata fenniensis by Linsenmaier.

Erkki Valkeila (1971) described the species C. scintillans based on Finnish, Russian and Swedish specimens. According to the description, it strongly resembles C. mediata fenniensis (= C. solida ), but has some small differences, such as stronger and sparser punctation on the second and third tergite. In addition to the holotype, 76 paratypes were listed in the description. We have been able to study the holotype and 75 of the paratypes. In our opinion, the holotype and 33 paratypes belong to C. solida . The holotype is a typical female of this species with somewhat stronger punctation on the second tergite ( Fig. 8 ). The rest of the paratypes belong to C. schencki (36 exx.), C. ignita group (2 exx.), C. impressa (2 exx.), C. angustula (1 ex.) and C. subcoriacea (1 ex.). Obviously Valkeila determined species of the Chrysis ignita group mainly relying on the differences in the punctation and shape of the abdomen, and did not consider e.g. the thickness of the mandibles or breadth of the ovipositor as sufficiently important. However, the shape of the abdomen and density of the tergal punctures can vary considerably within species of the C. ignita group, and C. solida is no exception. The synonymy of C. solida and C. scintillans was already stated by Soon (2004) in his MSc thesis, but as this work cannot be regarded as published for the purposes of zoological nomenclature (ICZN 1999, articles 8 and 9), the synonymy is here presented as new.

Figures

FIGURES 6–9. 6) Lectotype of Chrysis succincta var. nordstromi Trautmann, 1927 (= Chrysis westerlundi Trautmann, 1927). 7) Lectotype of Chrysis succincta var. chrysoprasina Trautmann, 1927 (= Chrysis illigeri Wesmael, 1839). 8) Holotype of Chrysis scintillans Valkeila, 1971 (= Chrysis solida Haupt, 1957). 9) Lectotype of Chrysis zetterstedti Dahlbom, 1831. Scale 1 mm. Photos: Pekka Malinen (6–8) and Alexander Berg (9).