Bactrocera (Parazeugodacus) kolombangarae Leblanc & Doorenweerd, 2021

Leblanc, Luc, Tsatsia, Francis & Doorenweerd, Camiel, 2021, Novel lures and COI sequences reveal cryptic new species of Bactrocera fruit flies in the Solomon Islands (Diptera, Tephritidae, Dacini), ZooKeys 1057, pp. 49-103 : 49

Bactrocera (Parazeugodacus) kolombangarae Leblanc & Doorenweerd sp. nov.

Fig. 10A-E

Type material.

Holotype. Solomon Islands • ♂; Kolombangara, forest; -8.0252, 157.1159; 455 m; 9-13 Apr. 2018; L. Leblanc, F. Tsatsia leg.; zingerone baited trap FFSo059. Deposited in UHIM. Paratypes. 18 males. Solomon Islands • 1 ♂; Guadalcanal forest; -9.4048, 159.8645; 144 m; 4-16 Apr. 2018; L. Leblanc, F. Tsatsia leg.; zingerone baited trap FFSo013 • 1 ♂; Kolombangara, forest; -8.0680, 157.1434; 156 m; 9-13 Apr. 2018; L. Leblanc, F. Tsatsia leg.; zingerone baited trap FFSo044 • 1 ♂; same locality and date as for preceding; -8.0563, 157.1320; 232 m; trap FFSo046 • 2 ♂; same locality and date as for preceding; -8.0512, 157.1287; 263 m; trap FFSo047; molecular vouchers UHIM.ms08663, UHIM.ms08664 • 1 ♂; same locality and date as for preceding; -8.0479, 157.1262; 267 m; trap FFSo048 • 1 ♂; same locality and date as for preceding; -8.0364, 157.1186; 331 m; trap FFSo050 • 1 ♂; same locality and date as for preceding; -8.0297, 157.1166; 403 m; trap FFSo055 • 1 ♂; same locality and date as for preceding; -8.0273, 157.1160; 433 m; trap FFSo057 • 1 ♂; same locality and date as for preceding; -8.0260, 157.1156; 446 m; trap FFSo058 • 3 ♂; same locality and date as for preceding; -8.0238, 157.1157; 464 m; trap FFSo060 • 1 ♂; same locality and date as for preceding; -8.015, 157.1143; 523 m; trap FFSo068 • 1 ♂; same locality and date as for preceding; -8.0331, 157.1081; 325 m; trap FFSo071 • 1 ♂; same locality and date as for preceding; -8.0339, 157.1129; 245 m; trap FFSo073 • 2 ♂; same locality and date as for preceding; -8.0328, 157.1164; 356 m; trap FFSo075. Nine of the paratypes are deposited at UHIM, five at WFBM, three at USNM, and one at BSI.

Differential diagnosis.

Bactrocera kolombangarae appears similar to B. morula (Fig. 11 ), but has two pairs of setae on the scutellum, a narrow anepisternal stripe, and the costal band very narrow and faint beyond the apex of R2+3 (Fig. 10 ). It is also similar to B. (Parazeugodacus) abbreviata (Hardy), a species from Southeast Asia. Unlike B. kolombangarae , B. abbreviata has yellow femora, very short lateral postsutural vitta, and orange-brown medially on abdomen tergites III-V.

Molecular diagnosis.

We obtained two COI sequences (UHIM.ms08663, 4) that group with other members of subgenus Bactrocera Parazeugodacus in the maximum likelihood tree (Suppl. material 1: Fig. S1). The sequences are closest to Bactrocera pendleburyi (Perkins) [N = 11] but at a distance of 3.62%, B. abbreviata [N = 29] and B. morula [N = 3] are separated with larger distances.

Description of adult.

Male. Head (Fig. 10A ). Height 1.46 ± 0.11 (SD) (1.30-1.70) mm. Frons, of even width, 0.71 ± 0.06 (0.63-0.83) mm long and 1.57 ± 0.08 (1.46-1.77) times as long as broad; dark fulvous and frequently fuscous around orbital setae and on anteromedial hump; latter covered by short red-brown microtrichia; three pairs of black frontal setae present; lunule fulvous. Ocellar triangle black. Vertex dark fulvous with two pairs of black vertical setae. Face varying from mostly black, to lower 3⁄5 entirely black with or without traces of dark fulvous medially, and upper 2⁄5 dark fulvous, to a pair of very large spots in antennal furrows; length 0.47 ± 0.04 (0.43-0.53) mm. Gena fulvous, with fuscous subocular spot and a black seta. Occiput black and narrowly fulvous along eye margin; a row of 4-6 black postocular setae present behind eye. Antenna with scape dark fulvous, and pedicel and flagellum dark fuscous tending dark fulvous on inner surface; a strong red-brown dorsal seta on pedicel; arista fulvous basally and black apically; length of segments: 0.19 ± 0.02 (0.17-0.20) mm; 0.26 ± 0.03 (0.23-0.30) mm; 0.71 ± 0.06 (0.63-0.83) mm.

Thorax (Fig. 10B ). Scutum entirely black with four parallel longitudinal rows of dense silvery microtrichia along entire length and two outer rows starting before notopleural sutures. Pleural areas black. Yellow markings: notopleuron; sometimes faint marking on posterior margin of postpronotal lobe; narrow anepisternal stripe with anterior margin straight, reaching to mid distance between anterior and posterior notopleural setae dorsally; a very small spot on katepisternum below the anepisternal stripe; anterior ¼ of anatergite and anterior half of katatergite (posteriorly black). Mediotergite black. Scutellum black and narrowly yellow anterolaterally. Setae: 2 pairs scutellar; 1 pair prescutellar acrostichal; 1 pair intra-alar; 1 pair postalar; 1 pair postsutural supra-alar; 1 pair anepisternal; 2 pairs notopleural; 2 pairs scapular; all setae well developed and black.

Legs (Fig. 10F ). Legs black with yellow at basal 2/5 of fore and hind femora and basal 1/6 of mid femur, and yellow fore basitarsus and mid and hind tarsi. Fore femur with a row of long pale dorsal setae. Mid-tibia with an apical black spur.

Wing (Fig. 10E ). Length 4.9 ± 0.3 (4.5-5.6) mm; basal costal and costal cells hyaline with microtrichia in posterodistal corner of costal cell; narrow faint fuscous costal band confluent with R2+3, remaining narrow and ending shortly past the apex of R2+3; and moderately broad anal streak; remainder of wing hyaline; dense aggregation of microtrichia around A1 + CuA2; supernumerary lobe weakly developed.

Abdomen (Fig. 10C, D ). Oval with tergites not fused; pecten present on tergite III; posterior lobe of surstylus short; abdominal sternite V with a shallow concavity on posterior margin. Base of syntergite I+II wider than long. Tergites entirely black except for elongate creamy yellow short sublateral bands along posterior margin of tergite II. Ceromata on tergite V black. Abdominal sternites dark except for yellow sternite II.

Female. Unknown

Male attractant.

Zingerone.

Etymology.

This species epithet is a noun in genitive case, derived from the locality where the majority of the specimens were collected; Kolombangara Island.

Notes.

This species belongs to the subgenus Parazeugodacus Parazeugodacus as defined by Hancock and Drew (2015), based on morphological characters (shallow posterior concavity on male sternite V, posterior lobe of surstylus short, postpronotal seta absent, postsutural supra-alar, prescutellar acrostichal and two pairs of scutellar setae present, costal band very narrow and nearly indistinct). Its COI sequences also suggest closest affinity with other members of Parazeugodacus (Suppl. material 1: Fig. S1). Bactrocera kolombangarae was included as B. spnSol06 in Doorenweerd et al. (2020).

Figures

Figure 10. Bactrocera kolombangarae sp. nov. A head B head and scutum C abdomen D male genitalia E wing F lateral view.

Figure 11. Bactrocera morula Drew A head B head and scutum C abdomen D wing E lateral view.