Phylloporus xalapensis E. Gutiérrez, Montoya, Ant. Ramos & Bandala, 2024

Gutiérrez-Domínguez, Erick, Montoya, Leticia, Ramos, Antero, Torres, Antonio Andrade-, Noa-Carrazana, Juan Carlos, Ortiz-Ceballos, Ángel Isauro & Bandala, Victor Manuel, 2024, Two new species of Phylloporus (Boletaceae) from the montane cloud forest of Eastern Mexico, Phytotaxa 668 (1), pp. 44-62 : 53-55

Phylloporus xalapensis E. Gutiérrez, Montoya, Ant. Ramos & Bandala , sp. nov. ( Figures 4 , 5 )

MycoBank Number: 852298

Diagnosis: This species is distinguished from other Phylloporus species by the combination of pileus plane-convex, not rimose or rivulose, margin plane, faintly incurved when young; stipe sulcate from the apex and even up to one or two thirds, at times sulcate above and faintly longitudinally striate downwards; basal mycelium yellow; lamellae and context caerulescent; basidiospores 9–14.5 (15.5) × 3.5–5 (5.5) µm, translucid with faint yellowish-green tinges; pleurocystidia 45–106 (115) × 11–20 (22) μm, with patches or continuous resinous incrustations giving a thick walled appearance; cheilocystidia 27–73 (80) × 11–24 μm, versiform, at times inflated or sphaeropedunculate, with resinous incrustations; pileipellis a trichodermis, intercalary elements 13–31 × 7–12 μm, terminal elements 16–70 × 8–13 μm, with rounded at apex.

Holotype:— MEXICO. Veracruz: Municipality of Xalapa, Santuario del Bosque de Niebla, 1360 m elev., 21 August 2019, Gutierrez 84 (XAL); gregarious, in soil, ectomycorrhizal, under Quercus spp . and Carpinus caroliniana . Gene sequence ex-holotype: PP359578 (ITS), PP354882 (nLSU), PP346844 (TEF1).

Etymology:—Referring to the distribution of the species in the surroundings of the city of Xalapa, Mexico.

Description: Pileus 10–60 mm diam, plane-convex, slightly depressed at the center even when young, soft, uniformly subvelvety to tomentose, dry, reddish-brown (5YR 8/4, 8/3; 10R4/4), vinaceous (7C4- 5, 7E 6-8), young specimens brown leather with vinaceous tinges (5D6, 6C3, 6CD5, 6D6, 7D7; 7.5 YR/5), some with reddish spots, caerulescent when handled; margin plane when mature or at times undulate and uplifted, under lens with adnate fine squamules. Lamellae decurrent, continuing as ribs towards the stipe apex, 1–7 mm broad, close, ventricose, frequently anastomosed, bright yellow with greenish tinges, bright mustard yellow (2A7, 2B7-8, 3A7-8, 3B6-8), staining blue-green when handled, with 1-3 lamellullae between two lamellae; margin entire, undulate with age, at times with red stains. Stipe 14–68 × 3–8 mm, cylindrical, somewhat attenuate towards the base, central, sulcate from the apex and even up to one or two thirds of the stipe, at times sulcate above and faintly longitudinally striate downwards, at times faintly furfuraceous with age, vinaceous-red (10R3/6; 8E 7, 9E 7, 7C3-C 4, 7E 7-8, 7D7) over a pale-yellow ground, vinaceous (7E7, 7F8) especially towards the hymenophore, with vinaceous ridges at apex, at times pale yellow (3A5) at the base. Context fleshy at pileus, somewhat harder at stipe, white to yellowish (2A3, 1A2), reddish vinaceous (10R4/4) towards the pileus cuticle, whitish with reddish tinges at stipe area, caerulescent towards the lamellae attachment. Odor mild, agreeable, somewhat to anis. Taste fungoid. Basal mycelium yellowish (3A3-4). Chemical reactions, KOH negative or only darkening the surfaces and fading the pileus surface, staining reddish or reddish orange (5C8) the hymenophore. NH4OH quickly staining the pileus and stipe surfaces dark blue green but the spot disappears and only remains a blackish circle, it darkens the lamellae, faintly greenish towards the pileus cuticle.

Basidiospores 9–14.5 (15.5) × 3.5–5 (5.5) µm, x = 10.2–12.8 × 4.1–4.6 μm, = 2.5–2.9, subellipsoid to subfusoid, with suprahilar depression, apex broadly rounded or attenuated, thin walled, barely pigmented, translucid with faint yellowish-green tinges, at times guttulate, thin walled. Basidia (26) 27–45 × 8–11 μm, sterigmata 3–6 μm in length, tetrasporic, clavate, attenuated towards the base, thin walled, hyaline, with refringent contents. Pleurocystidia 45–106 (115) × 11–20 (22) μm, clavate, subutriform, lageniform, some mucronate, attenuated towards the base, hyaline some faintly yellowish, thin walled, with incrusted resinous-like patches on different areas of the wall, or such incrustations are continuous giving a thick-walled appearance, numerous. Cheilocystidia 27–73 (80) × 11–24 μm, subclavate, some inflated or sphaeropedunculate, subutriform, attenuated towards the base, hyaline to faintly yellowish, thin walled, with isolated resinous-like patches, numerous. Pileipellis a trichodermis, composed of intermixed chains of enlarged cells anticlinally oriented, sometimes the chains arranged in discontinuous mounds; intercalary cells 13–31 × 7–12 μm, cylindrical, thin walled, hyaline, faintly yellowish, occasionally with greenish tinges, isolated greenish granules present in some cells; terminal cells 16–70 × 8–13 μm, clavate, narrower towards the base, at times subcylindrical and with rounded apex, thin walled, concolorous to intercalary cells. Context composed of hyphae 8–17 μm diam, cylindrical, at times with intermixed hyphae 3–5 μm diam, hyaline, thin walled, some with dense contents, pale greenish yellow. Hymenophoral trama bilateral, with a medium stratum composed of hyphae 4–7 μm diam, cylindrical, hyaline, in a lax arrangement; laterostratum hyphae 7–14 μm diam, cylindrical, thin walled, hyaline with pale yellowish tinges. Unclamped.

Habitat:—In soil, ectomycorrhizal, under Quercus spp . and Carpinus caroliniana , gregarious, rarely solitarius, in montane cloud forests.

Additional materials examined:— MEXICO. Veracruz, Municipality of Xalapa, Santuario del Bosque de Niebla , 3 July 2018, Gutiérrez 46 ; 5 July 2018, Gutiérrez 49, Gutiérrez 50 ; 10 July 2018, Gutiérrez 59, Gutiérrez 61 ; Gutiérrez 63 ; 21 August 2019 (all in XAL) .

Comments:— Phylloporus xalapensis is closely related to P. rimosus ( Montoya et al. 2019) , however, both are different by the habit of their basidiomes. Phylloporus rimosus frequently in young or even mature stages has convex or even pulvinate pileus, with margin incurved, the surface commonly fractured in an irregular or rimose areolate pattern and even forming rivulose patches; the cuticle of the pileus and stipe is frequently peeled. Its stipe may appear scabrous or even with small rigid scales. In P. xalapensis however, the pileus is flatter and uniformly velvety. This latter produces smaller basidiomes (pileus 10–60 mm diam vs. 27–80 mm diam; stipe 14–68 × 3–8 mm vs. 27–80 × 7–12 mm). Microscopically there are also differences between both species. Phylloporus xalapensis has translucent basidiospores with faint yellowish-green tints, while in P. rimosus they are clearly more pigmented yellow to amber yellow or even ochraceous and their wall is slightly thicker. In P. xalapensis the pleurocystidia are narrower [up to 20 (22) μm vs. up to 27 μm wide], it also presents larger cheilocystidia than P. rimosus [27–80 × 11–24 μm vs. 34–70 (75) × 8–17 (19) µm] and frequently these are inflated or sphaeropedunculate. The intercalary elements of the pileipellis chains of cells are thinner in P. xalapensis (7–12 µm wide vs. 8–16 µm wide). As mentioned above P. rimosus forms ectomycorrhizas with Quercus sapotifolia ( Ramos et al. 2023) in the tropical lowland Quercus forest, while P. xalapensis lives in the montane cloud forest, under Quercus spp . and Carpinus caroliniana , in different climatic conditions (higher levels of atmospheric humidity, precipitation and fog during the year), surrounded by a different flora and in the presence of different ectomycorrhizal hosts.

Figures

FIGURE 4. Phylloporus xalapensis (Gutiérrez 84, holotype).a basidiomes, b basidiospores, c hymenophoral trama, d longitudinal section of pileipellis. Scale bar: 10 mm (a), 10 µm (b), 25 µm (c–d).

FIGURE 5. Phylloporus xalapensis (Gutiérrez 84, holotype). a basidiospores, b cheilocystidia, c basidia, d pleurocystidia. Scale bar: 5 µm (a), 10 µm (b–d).