Ectophasiopsis ypiranga, Dios & Nihei, 2017

Dios, Rodrigo de V. P. & Nihei, Silvio S., 2017, Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Ectophasiopsis Townsend, 1915 (Diptera: Tachinidae: Phasiinae), European Journal of Taxonomy 334, pp. 1-27 : 18-24

Ectophasiopsis ypiranga sp. nov.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:082854A3-6E61-4232-8BBE-1B76302E379E

Figs 1B, D , 2 K–O, 3B, 4, 9–11

Diagnosis

Ectophasiopsis ypiranga sp. nov. differs from E. arcuata by having the antennal axis shorter and the fronto-orbital plate at the lunule level and parafacial narrowed, the thorax short setulose laterally and dorsally, and dorsocentral setae 1+2.

Ectophasiopsis ypiranga sp. nov. closely resembles E. gradata comb. nov. in the thorax short setulose laterally and dorsally, dorsocentral setae 1+2, but E. gradata comb. nov. differs from E. ypiranga sp. nov. by having the antennal axis shorter; the fronto-orbital plate at the lunule level and parafacial narrowed; the cerci midventral opening lateral border visible in dorsal view, as a small lappet; and posterolateral lobes usually more developed.

Etymology

The specific epithet ypiranga is a noun in the indigenous language Tupi Guarani for ‘red river’ and it refers to the holotype location, nowadays a district in the city of São Paulo.

Type material

Holotype

BRAZIL: ♂ [“ S. Paulo – Ypiranga / Langer M. Morris / col. 29.iii.36 ”; “ Holotype ” (red label)], ( CEIOC).

Paratypes (all with a green label)

BRAZIL: 1 ♂ ( DZUP) [“Dpto Zool / UF – Paraná ”; “Cáceres, MT / 9.i.1985 / C. Elias leg.”; “Polonoroeste”; “ DZUP / 251946”]; 1 ♂, dissected ( DZUP) [“Dpto Zool / UF – Paraná ”; “Cáceres, MT / 20.iii.1985 / C. Elias leg.”; “Polonoroeste”; “ DZUP / 251956”]; 1 ♂ ( MZSP) [“Brasil:MT: Chap. Dos Guimarães / P. N. Chapada dos Guimarães / Cerrado – 577m – Trilha Cachoeira / Andorinha (Piscinas naturais) / S 15º24’51.5’’ W 55º50’40.3’’ / Malaise 34 / 16–22.i.2012 / Lamas eq. col. / SISBIOTA / CNPq/FAPESP”]; 1 ♀ ( MZSP) [“Est. De Goiás / Corumbá / F. Monjolinho / Barreto col. / ii.945”]; 1 ♂ ( DZUP) [“Jataí, Goiaz, i.1995 / M. Carrera, A. Machado / F. S. Pereira & E. Dente / Milgar Loureiro col.”; “ DZUP / 252106”]; 1 ♂ ( CEIOC) [“Lagoa Santa / Minas Geraes / Lopes 27.ii.40”. ♂ ( DZUP) “Dpto Zool / UF – Paraná ”; “Araxá – Brasil / MG- 22.11.1965 / C. T. Elias”; “ DZUP / 252157”]; 1 ♀, ditto ( DZUP), [“ DZUP / 252120”. ♀ ( DZUP) “Passos, MG / Brasil, v.1961 / C. Elias leg.”; “ DZUP / 252143”]; 1 ♂, ditto, Jul. 1961 ( DZUP),[“UFP”; “ DZUP / 252032”. ♀ ( DZUP) ditto, vi.1961 “ DZUP / 252149”]; 1 ♂, dissected, ditto, Sep. 1961 ( DZUP), [“ DZUP / 252136”]; 1 ♂, ditto, Oct. 1961 ( DZUP) [“ DZUP / 252134”. ♀ ( DZUP) ditto, “ DZUP / 252142”]; 1 ♀, dissected ( DZUP) [“Passos – Brasil / MG 1-30-x-61 / Claudionor Elias”]; 1 ♂ ( DZUP) [“Varginha / M. Gerais, Brasil / ix.1951 / M. Alvarenga leg.”]; 1 ♂, 1 ♀ ( MNHN) [“ Museum Paris / Brésil / Prov. de Minas Geraes / (2.100 m. d’altitude)/ E. R. Wagner, 1902”]; 1 ♂ ( USNM) [“Maracajú / Mato Grosso [do Sul]/ Brasil”; “Maio / 1937”; “Serviço Febre / Amarela / M. E. S., Bras.”; “ Trichopodopsis / sp. / Det. CHTT”; “ ♂ ♀ ”]; 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀ (1 ♂ dissected) ( USNM) [“Maracajú / Mato Grosso [do Sul]/ Brasil”; “Maio / 1937”; “Serviço Febre / Amarela / M. E. S., Bras.”]; 1 ♀ ( MZSP) [“Brasil, MS, Ponta Porã / 27.vii.2006 / Nº 3”]; 1 ♀ ( MNHN) [“Guaratiba, D.F. Brasil / J. H. Guimarães / 1.8.1959 ”]; 1 ♀ ( MZSP) [“Est. R. Janeiro / Itatiaia / Campo Belo / Barreto col. / v.945”]; 1 ♂, dissected ( MNHN) [“ 22.iv.1957 / Barueri / S. Paulo”, “K. Lenko leg.”]; 1 ♂ ( DZUP) [“ São Paulo / Rio Claro – Jul.1939 / Pde. Pereira leg”]; 1 ♂ ( DZUP) [“ São Paulo / Rio Claro – Out.1939 / Pde. Pereira leg” ♀ ( CEIOC) “S. José dos Campos / Est. S. Paulo / H. S. Lopes xii.934”]; 1 ♂ ( MNHN) [“S. Paulo / S. Amaro / J. Lane col. / xi-60”]; 1 ♀ ( DZUP) “S. Paulo – Ypiranga / Langer M. Morris / col. 31.iii.36”]; 1 ♂, dissected ( MNHN) [“Museum Paris / Chaco de Santiago / del Estero / bords du rio Salado / la Palisa del Bracho / 25 kil. N. O. d’Icaño / E. R. Wagner 1909”].

Type locality

BRAZIL: State of São Paulo, municipality of São Paulo, Ipiranga.

This species apparently has two distinct forms of males (see ‘remarks’ below). One darker and larger form, with light brown to tawny abdomen, with usually broader wings and abdomen, and another lighter color form, with abdomen more yellow, sometimes smaller in body size and with abdomen and wings usually narrower. The description below is based on a holotype representative of the large-dark form, and all variation found in this form and in the small-yellow form will be described separately. They are widely overlapping in their geographical range.

Male ( Fig. 9 )

BODY LENGTH. 7.4 mm.

COLORATION. Frontal vitta light-tawny with region around ocellar triangle darker. Ocellar triangle black. Fronto-orbital plate light-tawny-yellow with light-golden to golden pruinosity. Parafacial light-tawnyyellow with light-golden pruinosity on upper half and silver pruinosity on lower half. Gena light-tawnyyellow with silver pruinosity. Scape and pedicel light-tawny-yellow; postpedicel light-brown with base and posterior part slightly orange-yellow. Palpus light-tawny to pale yellow. Presutural scutum covered with golden to light-golden pruinosity delimiting two diverging median black stripes fused anteriorly and two triangular lateral black spots. Postsutural scutum tawny to brown, light-tawny on sides, with light-golden pruinosity on sides and delimiting two median small triangular black spots; two long triangular black spots. Postalar callus with weak silver pruinosity. Scutellum dark brown to black with silver pruinosity. Thorax laterally brown to tawny with silver pruinosity. Wings with orange-yellow radiation from base to sc anteriorly, beyond vein r-m medialy and little beyond vein bm-cu posteriorly; followed by infuscate band ranging from anal lobe almost to apex of wing, little beyond cell r4+5, and posterior border hyaline; hyaline part extending to cell dm. Calypters yellow-orange. Legs brown, coxae with silver pruinosity, trochanters and base of mid and hind-femora tawny-yellow; pulvilli pale-brown. Abdomen yellow; centrally shiny-light-brown on tergites 2 to 4 almost entirely, only lateral margins yellow; tergite 4 with brown median posterior line; tergite 5 brown centrally to light-brown laterally and yellow on laterals; tergite 6 yellow; tergite 5 and 6 with sparse silver pruinosity. Abdomen ventrally yellow, slightly darker on tip.

HEAD. Ratio of head width / thorax width dorsally of 1.45. Ratio of head length / head width 0.46. Ratio of frontal vitta width at level of lunula / width at vertex level 0.6. Fronto-orbital plate width wider than frontal vitta width at level of lunula. Antennal axis short, fronto-orbital plate at lunule level and parafacial narrowed. Ratio of gena height / eye height 0.13.

THORAX. Acrostichal setae 0+1; dorsocentral setae 1+1. Postpronotal lobe with 2 setae, one of them very weak. Two katepisternal setae.

WING. Elliptical, anal lobe larger. Ratio of wing length / wing maximum width 2.8. Crossvein dm-cu straight, slightly sinuous.

LEGS. Hind femur with row of short anterodorsal setae on apical half and row of weak posteroventral setae on apical third; hind tibia with one median anteroventral seta and one median posterodorsal setae; row of longer feather-like setae covering apical 0.78 of tibia, length of longest feather-like seta 1.76 times tibial width.

ABDOMEN. Elliptical and broad, dorsoventrally flattened. No differentiated setae. Ratio of abdomen length / thorax length 1.49. Ratio of abdomen width / thorax width 1.39. Ratio of abdomen length / abdomen width 1.48.

TERMINALIA ( Fig. 2 K–O). Cerci midventral opening lateral border visible in dorsal view, as a small lappet; posterolateral lobes usually more developed. Postgonite slightly enlarged distally in posterior view. Phallapodeme widened apically. Basiphallus forming a complete ring, fused posteriorly.

Variation in the large-dark form

BODY LENGTH. 7.4–8.0 mm (n = 5).

COLORATION. Frontal vitta and postpedicel darker. Presutural scutum covered with light-golden to silver pruinosity. Postpronotal lobe with light-golden to silver pruinosity. Postsutural scutum with silver pruinosity, sometimes only as two longitudinal thin lines. Scutellum lighter in ground color. Thorax laterally with light-golden pruinosity. Wings with radiation sometimes pale-yellow; infuscate band ranging little further but weakly infuscate; in this form the hyaline border entering cell dm is weakly distinguished. Calypters pale-yellow.Abdomen darker with yellow borders sometimes not distinguishable or narrower; brown to dark-brown median line ranging from tergites 2 to 4 or 3 to 4; tergite 4 sometimes dark-brown posteriorly; tergite 5 fully dark-brown; tergite 6 yellow to tawny, sometimes with brown markings; or fully tawny to brown.

HEAD. Ratio of head width / thorax width dorsally 1.36 to 1.5. Ratio of frontal vitta width at level of lunula / width at vertex level 0.6 to 0.74. Ratio of gena height / eye height 0.13 to 0.17. Wing. Ratio of wing length / wing maximum width 2.41 to 2.8.

LEGS. Hind femur with row of short anterodorsal setae very weak; hind tibia with row of longer feather-like setae covering apical 0.77 to 0.84 of tibia, length of longest feather-like seta 1.42 to 1.76 times tibial width.

ABDOMEN. Ratio of abdomen width / thorax width 1.3 to 1.49. Ratio of abdomen length / abdomen width 1.43 to 1.57.

Variation in the small-yellow form ( Fig. 11 )

BODY LENGTH. 5.8–7.2 mm (n = 5).

COLORATION. Fronto-orbital plate with light-golden to silver pruinosity. Presutural scutum covered with light-golden to silver pruinosity. Postpronotal lobe with light-golden to silver pruinosity. Wings with infuscate band always well defined, hyaline border wider. Abdomen yellow, sometimes fully, or yellow with brown markings: brown to dark-brown median line from tergites 3 to 5 or 4 to 5, varying in intensity; tergite 4 with small markings and tergite 5 with larger markings, sometimes almost entirely brown; one specimen with all abdomen covered with brown markings; all variations can have silver pruinosity on tergites 5 and 6.

THORAX. Postpronotal lobe sometimes with 1 seta.

WING. Elliptical, anal lobe sometimes not large. Ratio of wing length /wing maximum width 2.62 to 2.85. Lower calypter external lobe sometimes less enlarged.

LEGS. Hind femur with row of short anterodorsal setae on apical half, sometimes not differentiated or very weak, and row of weak posteroventral setae on apical third sometimes very weak; length of longest feather-like seta 1.51 to 2.14 times tibial width.

ABDOMEN. Elliptical, sometimes narrower (ratio of abdomen width/ thorax width 1.22 to 1.38), slightly longer (ratio of abdomen length / thorax length 1.46 to 1.64), less dorsoventrally flattened.

Female ( Fig. 10 )

The female is almost entirely similar to the small, yellow male form, differing from it as follows:

BODY LENGTH. 5.9–7.0 mm (n = 5).

COLORATION. Abdomen with tergite 3 sometimes with brown markings posteriorly; tergite 4 with small triangular median posterior markings or all infused with brown varying in intensity; tergite 6 brown to black, rarely light tawny; rarely abdomen almost fully yellow.

ABDOMEN. Sometimes slightly ovate.

TERMINALIA ( Fig. 3B ). Sternite 8 short, slightly slenderer and longer than in E. gradata comb. nov., rounded distally, with small membranous invagination ventrally.

Distribution ( Fig. 4 )

Brazil (Mato Grosso, Goiás, Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso do Sul, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo), and Argentina.

Remarks

This species exhibits polymorphism and two male forms are recognizable: 1) a large and dark form, with darker abdomen and wings, wings slightly larger; and 2) a smaller and paler form, which resembles the females, with light abdomen and wings, and wings as in females. To avoid any further confusion concerning the identity of this species, the holotype designated here was selected among a male representative of the large-dark form, with the description based on the dark-large male form, and the small-yellow male form is described in the ‘Variation’ section. The male polymorphism observed in E. ypiranga sp. nov. is better discussed in the Discussion section of this publication.

Ectophasiopsis host list

Below we present an updated list of records found during the course of this revision since Guimarães (1977), as well as new records:

Ectophasiopsis arcuata

Hemiptera : Pentatomidae :

Acledra albocostata (Spinola, 1852) : Guimarães (1977).

Acledra dimidiaticollis (Spinola, 1852) : Guimarães (1977).

Nezara viridula (Linnaeus, 1758) : Jones (1988) ( Chile); Ripa et al. (1995) (Easter Island).

Ectophasiopsis gradata comb. nov.

Hemiptera : Coreidae :

Athaumastus haematicus (Stål, 1860) : Guimarães (1977); Liljesthröm (1992) ( Argentina, Buenos Aires).

Hemiptera : Pentatomidae :

Dichelops furcatus (Fabricius, 1775) : new record ( Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul; Uruguay, Paysandú). Dichelops melacanthus (Dallas, 1851) : new record ( Brazil, Paraná).

E ctophasiopsis ypiranga sp. nov.

No host records.

Figures

Fig. 1. A. Male cerci of Ectophasiopsis gradata (Wiedemann, 1830) comb. nov., dorsal view; red circle indicates the midventral opening, the lateral border is not visible in dorsal view. B. Male cerci of E. ypiranga sp. nov., dorsal view; red circle indicates the midventral opening, the lateral border is visible in dorsal view as a small laplet. C. Head of E. gradata (Wiedemann, 1830) comb. nov., lateral view. Red bars showing width of fronto orbital plate at the lunule level (I) and parafacial (II). D. Head of E. ypiranga sp. nov., lateral view. Red bars show the width of the fronto orbital plate at the lunule level and parafacial. Scale bars: A–B = 0.2 mm; C–D = 1 mm.

Fig. 2. Male terminalia. – A–E. Ectophasiopsis arcuata (Bigot, 1876). A. Epandrium, cerci, surstyli, pregonite and postgonite, posterior view. B. Epandrium, cerci and surstyli, lateral view. C. Phallus, right lateral view. D. Phallus, posterior view. E. Phallus, left lateral view. – F–J. E. gradata (Wiedemann, 1830) comb. nov. F. Epandrium, cerci, surstyli, pregonite and postgonite, posterior view. G. Epandrium, cerci and surstyli, lateral view. H. Phallus, right lateral view. I. Phallus, posterior view. J. Phallus, left lateral view. – K–O. E. ypiranga sp. nov. K. Epandrium, cerci, surstyli, pregonite and postgonite, posterior view. L. Epandrium, cerci and surstyli, lateral view. M. Phallus, right lateral view. N. Phallus, posterior view. O. Phallus, left lateral view. Abbreviations: B = basiphallus (red color); C = cerci; E = epandrium; Ep = epiphallus (red color); Ht = half-tube like plate (blue color); It = sclerotized inner tube (green color); Po = postgonite; Pr = pregonite; Rl = ring-like plate (orange color); S = surstylus. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.

Fig. 9. Ectophasiopsis ypiranga sp. nov., ♂, holotype, Brazil, São Paulo, CEIOC. A. Dorsal view. B. Lateral view. C. Head, dorsal view. D. Head, lateral view. E. Abdomen, dorsal view. F. Wing, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Fig. 11. Ectophasiopsis ypiranga sp. nov., ♂, paratype, Brazil, Maracajú, USNM. A. Dorsal view. B. Lateral view. C. Head, dorsal view. D. Head, lateral view. E. Abdomen, dorsal view. F. Wing, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Fig. 10. Ectophasiopsis ypiranga sp. nov., ♀, paratype, Brazil, Passos, DZUP. A. Dorsal view. B. Lateral view. C. Head, dorsal view. D. Head, lateral view. E. Abdomen, dorsal view. F. Wing, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Fig. 3. Female terminalia. A. Ectophasiopsis gradata (Wiedemann, 1830) comb. nov. B. E. ypiranga sp. nov. Abbreviations: C = Cerci; s7 = Sternite 7; s8 = Sternite 8. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.

Fig. 4. Distribution map of Ectophasiopsis species. E. arcuata (Bigot, 1876) = yellow dots; E. gradata (Wiedemann, 1830) comb. nov. = green dots; E. ypiranga sp. nov. = red dots.