Hogna maderiana (Walckenaer, 1837)

Crespo, Luis C., Silva, Isamberto, Enguidanos, Alba, Cardoso, Pedro & Arnedo, Miquel, 2022, Island hoppers: Integrative taxonomic revision of Hogna wolf spiders (Araneae, Lycosidae) endemic to the Madeira islands with description of a new species, ZooKeys 1086, pp. 84-135 : 84

Hogna maderiana (Walckenaer, 1837)

Figures 21 , 22 , 23

Lycosa tarentuloides maderiana Walckenaer, 1837: 291 (Df).

Lycosa tarentuloides maderiana Blackwall, 1857a: 282 (Dm).

Tarentula maderiana Simon, 1864: 350.

Lycosa maderiana Simon, 1898: 346.

Trochosa maderiana Kulczynski, 1899: 426, pl. 9, fig. 119-120 (mf).

Isohogna maderiana Roewer, 1955: 241.

Isohogna maderiana Roewer, 1960: 569, fig. 319a-c (mf).

Hogna schmitzi Wunderlich, 1992: 462, fig. 721-723 (Dmf). Holotype ♂ examined, Porto Santo, 8-11.VII.1983; leg. K. Groh, stored at SMF, collection number 37639. New synonymy.

Types.

Holotype: Not examined, supposed lost.

Material examined.

Ilheu de Ferro • 1 ♂ and 1 ♀ ( SMF37637 ), 3.VII.1983, leg. K. Groh., 1 ♂ (CRBALC0013), 33.03698°N, 16.40814°W, 6.IV.2011, hand collecting, leg. I. Silva. Porto Santo • Pico Branco, 33.09366°N, 16.30776°W, 1 ♂ (CRBALC0734) and 2 ♀♀ (CRBALC0704, CRBALC0717), 10.IV.2018, hand collecting, leg. L. Crespo & A. Bellvert; Pico do Facho, 1 ♂ ( SMF63869 ), 31.X.1972; (unknown location), 1 ♀ (MNHNP AR16184), 27.III.1959, leg. A. Vandel, 2 ♀♀ and 2 juveniles (FMNHhttp://id.luomus.fi/KN.23945), 4.X.1959, 1 ♀ ( SMF34482 ), VII.1983, 1 ♀ ( SMF36760 ), 26.X.1985, leg. G. Schmidt, 1 ♀ ( SMF37636 ) and 2 juveniles ( SMF37638 ), leg. K. Groh, 8 ♂♂ and 11 ♀♀ (NHM, in ethanol), VI.1962, leg. S.W. Bristowe, 1 ♀ (NHM), VII.1963, leg. B.M. Cliffton, 2 ♂♂ and 2 ♀♀ (NHM 1892.7.9.12.17), leg. W.R.O. Grant, 1 ♀ (NHM), 12.VI.1964, 1 ♂ and 1 ♀ (NHM, mounted dry) .

Diagnosis.

Hogna maderiana can be distinguished from all other Madeiran Hogna by a combination of the following characters: the large size (prosoma length> 10 mm), the presence of conspicuous orange setae (Fig. 27A ), and its genitalia. In males by a combination of a smoothly curved tip of the embolus, a long, blunt ventral spur, and a deeper tegular concavity (Fig. 21A-D ). In females by epigyne with median septum more than twice as long as wide (at posterior transverse part) (Fig. 21E, F ).

Redescription.

Male (CRBALC0734): (Fig. 21D, E ). Total length: 19.5; carapace: 11.9 long, 8.9 wide.

Colour: carapace brown, with short black setae covering flanks, short white setae present posteriorly, anteriorly and laterally, long black setae are present anteriorly or scattered around median band; median yellow longitudinal band present but faint, covered with short white setae and scattered long black setae, anteriorly broadened; marginal bands indistinct, made apparent only by the cover of short white setae, long black setae also present laterally; four darker lateral bands visible, but without striae. Chelicerae black, apically dark brown, covered in black and yellow setae. Gnathocoxae very dark orange-brown, labium blackish; sternum brown, medially lighter, but without any stripe. Legs yellow to orange-brown, without annulations, with anterior tibiae, all metatarsi and tarsi dark brown, and covered dorsally with yellow setae (probably orange in living or fresh specimen). Pedipalpal femur, patella, and tibia as legs, cymbium darker, yellow setae present in all segments except femur. Abdomen with a pair of anterolateral black patches, extending laterally into grey flanks; a median yellow lanceolate patch is bordered by few whitish patches; venter greyish, darker near spinnerets.

Eyes: MOQ: MW = 0.7 PW, MW = 1.2 LMP, MW = 1.2 AW; Cl = 0.5 DAME. Anterior eye row slightly procurved.

Legs: Measurements: Leg I: 36.7, TiI: 8.85; Leg IV: 37.3, TiIV: 8.1; TiIL/D: 4.4. Spination of Leg I: FeI: d1.1.0, p0.0.2; TiI: p1.0.1, r1.0.0, v2s.2s.2s; MtI: p0.0.1, r0.0.1, v2s.2s.1s. MtI with very dense scopulae.

Pedipalp: cymbium with one prolateral spine and six dark, stout, macrosetae at tip, Fe with two dorsal and an apical row of four spines, Pa with one prolateral spine, Ti with one dorsoprolateral and one prolateral spines. Tegular apophysis with ventral spur long, blunt, with a straight ridge leading to a wide apical point (Fig. 21A, B ); terminal apophysis blade-shaped with sharp end (Fig. 21A-D ); embolus long, with tip directed anterolaterally (Fig. 21A-D ); palea small (Fig. 21A ).

Female (CRBALC0717): (Fig. 21E, F ). Total length 23.5; carapace: 11.3 long, 8.3 wide.

Colour: overall as in male, with the following differences: median yellow longitudinal band in prosoma clear. Cheliceral setae black. Legs with few faint greyish patches in femora. Abdominal pattern overall greyish, darker near spinnerets, with patches unapparent.

Eyes: MOQ: MW = 0.7 PW, MW = 1.1 LMP, MW = 1.2 AW; Cl = 0.4 DAME. Anterior eye row slightly procurved.

Legs: Measurements: Leg I: 30.3, TiI: 7.2; Leg IV: 33.9, TiIV: 7.4; TiIL/D: 3.5. Spination of Leg I: FeI: d1.1.0, p0.0.2; TiI: 0.1s.0, v2s.2s.2s; MtI: p0.0.1, r0.0.1, v2l.2s.1s. MtI with very dense scopulae.

Epigyne: anterior pockets touching, short, with lateral borders parallel (Fig. 21E ); anterior pocket cavities deep; median septum with narrow posterior transverse part (Fig. 21E ); spermathecae elongated (Fig. 21F ); copulatory ducts with very small diverticulum ventrally (Fig. 21F ); fertilisation ducts emerging at the base of copulatory duct (Fig. 21F ).

Intraspecific variation.

Carapace length, males: 11.9-14.4, females: 11.0-11.5.

Distribution.

This species is known from the island of Porto Santo and one of its surrounding islets, Ilhéu de Ferro (Fig. 23 ).

Ecology.

Hogna maderiana can be found in open habitats, such as grasslands, shrubland or sand banks. Very common even in relatively disturbed habitats across Porto Santo.

Conservation status.

Hogna maderiana was assessed according to the IUCN Red List criteria as H. schmitzi ( Cardoso et al. 2018d), with the status of Least Concern.

Comments.

As mentioned above (see remarks on H. blackwalli ), the large specimens with striking orange coloration in legs from Porto Santo island and its neighbouring islet Ilhéu de Ferro were known to pioneer arachnologists. The original, somewhat obscure, description by Walckenaer described a 2.5 cm spider ("1 pouce") with reddish brown legs ("Pattes rouges, lavées de brun en dessus ( …)”), from the island of Madeira ("Ile de Madère”). After this, Blackwall was the first to provide a clear description of this taxon, while at the same time stating that it was collected in the island of Porto Santo, not Madeira. Subsequent authors reported additional material from either Porto Santo or Ilhéu de Ferro ( Johnson 1863; Kulczynski 1899). Wunderlich considered H. blackwalli a junior synonymy of H. maderiana based on the wrong assumption that previous authors repeatedly misidentified H. maderiana from Porto Santo, assigning H. maderiana to the large species with annulated legs from Madeira island. Following synonymy, Wunderlich himself named the large species from Porto Santo as H. schmitzi . As a matter of fact, the only indication of the presence of a large spider with reddish leg coloration in Madeira island is Walckenaer’s original description. Unfortunately, Walckenaer’s type seems to be lost. However, Simon most likely examined it because he stated that " L. maderiana Walck. est, en grande partie, revêtu, en dessus, de pubescence courte d’un beau rouge orange." ( Simon 1898: 332). The two large species are easy to distinguish, the only misidentification between them being made by Thorell, who identified H. blackwalli from Madeira as Trochosa maderiana ( Thorell 1875). We argue that the presence of H. maderiana in the island of Madeira reported in Walckenaer’s original description was likely a labelling mistake or a misinterpretation, and probably referred to the archipelago.

Figures

Figure 21. Hogna maderiana A-D male (CRBALC 0734): A left male palp, ventral (white arrow points to a tegular concavity that may be helpful for diagnosis) B detail of the median apophysis, anteroventral C SEM image, right male palp, ventral D idem, retroventral E, F female (CRBALC 0717): E epigynum, ventral F vulva, dorsal. Abbreviations, male pedipalp: AT - apical point, C - cymbium, E - embolus, P - palea, R - ridge, T - tegulum, TA - terminal apophysis, TgA - tegular apophysis, VS - ventral spur. Abbreviations, female genitalia: D - diverticulum, H - epigynal hoods, MS - median septum, S - spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, B, E, F); 0.2 mm (C, D).

Figure 22. Photograph of H. maderiana. Female specimen in the field. Photograph credit Pedro Cardoso.

Figure 23. Distribution of H. maderiana. Black circles: present records; dotted circles: records from only leg samples; black triangles: revised records from literature; white triangles: unconfirmed records from literature.

Figure 27. Plate with photographs of the lateral view of the leg I for the complex of H. maderiana, H. insularum and their intermediate forms.