Gryon pennsylvanicum Ashmead, 1893

Komeda, Yoto, Mita, Toshiharu, Hirose, Yoshimi & Yamagishi, Kenzo, 2020, Taxonomic revision of charon -, floridanum - and muscaeforme - groups of Gryon Haliday, 1833 (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae) from Japan, with descriptions of two new species and host information, Journal of Hymenoptera Research 80, pp. 99-135 : 99

Gryon pennsylvanicum Ashmead, 1893

Figs 1F , 2F , 3F , 4F , 5F, L , 6F , 7E, F , 8E, F , 9E, F

Telenomus pennsylvanicus Ashmead, 1983: Hadronotus pennsylvanicus (Ashmead): Kieffer 1926: Gryon pennsylvanicus (Ashmead): Masner 1961: Gryon pennsylvanicum (Ashmead): Masner 1983 b; Mineo and Caleca (1987a); Yasuda 1990; Yasuda and Tsurumachi 1995; Kononova and Kozlov 2008.

Hadronotus ajax Girault, 1920: Gryon ajax (Girault): Muesebeck and Masner in Krombein and Burks 1967; Masner and Muesebeck 1968; Mineo 1980a; Masner 1983 (syn.); Johnson 1992.

Hadronotus atriscapus Gahan, 1927: Gryon atriscapus (Gahan): Muesebeck and Masner in Krombein and Burks 1967; Masner and Muesebeck 1968; Mineo 1980a (syn.); Masner 1983; Johnson 1992.

Gryon sp. Hadronotus affinis Gryon pennsylvanicum (Ashmead): Mineo 1990b.

Diagnosis.

Horizontal part of occipital carina well-developed, curved mesad. Postoccipital carina weakly curved.

Description.

Female. Length 1.6-1.8 mm.

Color. (Figs 1F , 2F ). Body mainly black. A1-6, and legs (excluding coxae) yellow.

Head. FCI = 1.23-1.32; LCI = 1.46-1.65; DCI = 1.87-2.13; HW/IOS = 1.90-1.94; head about 1.3 times as wide as mesosoma (HW/TSL = 1.22-1.32). Frons (Fig. 3F ) reticulate, setose, with transverse carina above frontal depression; central carina absent; frontal depression developed, transversely costate by weak irregular carinae. Vertex reticulate; interocellar space reticulate; hyperoccipital carina present; POL about seven times as long as OOL (POL/OOL = 6.59-7.73); OOL about 0.2 times as long as LOL (OOL/LOL = 0.22-0.26). Clypeus rectangular, with rounded corners. Gena reticulate, inside of cell coriaceous, with setae; medial genal carina absent. Occiput (Fig. 4F ) transversely costate with setae; occipital carina complete, with angular point; horizontal portion of occipital carina well-developed, curved mesad, straight laterad, each arms fused; postoccipital carina well-developed, weakly curved, reaching fossa; postgena weakly striate longitudinally; postgenal sulcus straight; postgenal bridge smooth, weakly curvedly costate beside median sulcus. Antennae (Fig. 5F ) clavate; A1 about 6.4 times longer than radicle, as long as clava; clava with five segments; claval sensilla formula A8-12/2-2-2-2-1; claval length about 3.9 times longer than width. Mandibles tridentate, anterior tooth longer than other teeth.

Mesosoma. Cervical pronotal area (Fig. 8E ) smooth-imbricate; epomial carina strongly present, as redge; pronotal suprahumeral sulcus foveolate with setae; lateral pronotal area narrow, smooth with transverse dense carina; pronotal cervical sulcus foveolete. Propleuron weakly imbricate. Mesoscutum (Fig. 7E ) about 1.5 times as wide as long (TSL/ML = 1.45-1.59), with dense setae, reticulate-rugose; parascutal carina absent; notaulus absent. Mesoscutellum about 1.6 times as wide as long (SW/SL = 1.49-1.66), reticulate, with dense setae. Mesopleuron (Fig. 7F ) costate above mesopleural canina, rugulose with sparse setae below mesopleural canina; prespecular and upper mesepisternal sulci foveolate; prespecular sulcus with setae; mesopleural carina present; postacetabular sulcus weakly foveolate. Metascutellum (Fig. 8F ) weakly produced, longitudinally striate. Metapleuron randomly foveolate; anterior part of metapleural sulcus and posterodorsal metapleural sulcus with setae. Propodeum foveolate-rugulose. Fore wing (Fig. 6F ): stigmal vein about 2.3 times longer than marginal vein; postmarginal vein about 4.3 times longer than marginal vein.

Metasoma. T1 (Fig. 9E ) longitudinally striate, setose laterally. S1 (Fig. 9F ) longitudinally striate. T2 longitudinally striate anteriorly, reticulate posteriorly, setose laterally. S2 with setae, granulate-punctate mesad, striate laterad. T3 reticulate, with setae laterad and posteriorly. S3-5 punctate with setae. T4 punctate-striate with setae. T5-6 punctate with setae. S6 smooth with setae.

Male. Almost same as female, but antennae (Fig. 5L ) filiform; A1-11 yellow.

Host.

Coreidae : Anasa tristis (De Geer, 1773), Narnia femorata Stål, 1862, Leptoglossus corculus (Say, 1832), L. fulvicornis (Westwood, 1842), L. gonagra (Fabricius, 1775) new record, L. phyllopus (Linnaeus, 1767), L. occidentalis Heidemann, 1910, Chelinidea sp.

Material examined.

Okinawa pref., Ishigaki Isl., Ishigaki city, Maesato . 17.VII.1989. Koji Yasuda leg. emerged from an egg of Leptoglossus gonagra on 2.VIII.1989. 8♂ 38♀ [ ELKU]. 1♂ 4♀ [ IZAN] .

Distribution.

Japan (Ryukyus: Ishigaki Isl.): Canada (British Columbia), Italy (Tuscany: introduced), USA (Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Columbia D.C., Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Maryland, Missouri, North Carolina, Pennsylvania (?), South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas), tropical areas of New World include Colombia, Dominican Republic, Brazil.

Remarks.

Before this study, the known destribution of G. pensylvanicum covered the Eastern, Midwest, Western and Southern USA, British Colombia, tropical areas of the New World ( Masner 1983) and the Northern Italy (introduced as a natural enemy of Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann, 1910: Roversi et al. 2011). These localities are very far from Ishigaki Island. Hayashi and Kogure (2013) recorded Xyphon reticulatum (Signoret, 1854), a leafhopper originally distributed in the Southern Nearctic and the Northern Neotropical regions ( Catanach et al. 2013), from the Southern Ryukyus including Ishigaki Island. This leafhopper is considered to introduced with some poaceous pastures ( Hayashi and Kogure 2013). Japanese G. pennsylvanicum could have been accidentaly introduced from the New World as well as X. reticulatum .

Figures

Figure 1. Japanese Gryon spp., dorsal view A G. fulvicoxa sp. nov., holotype B G. japonicum C G. yamagishii D G. philippinense E G. shisa sp. nov., holotype F G. pennsylvanicum. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Figure 2. Japanese Gryon spp., lateral views A G. fulvicoxa sp. nov., holotype B G. japonicum C G. yamagishii D G. philippinense E G. shisa sp. nov., paratype F G. pennsylvanicum. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Figure 3. Frons of Japanese Gryon spp. A G. fulvicoxa sp. nov. B G. japonicum C G. yamagishii D G. philippinense E G. shisa sp. nov. F G. pennsylvanicum.

Figure 4. Occiput of Japanese Gryon spp. A G. fulvicoxa sp. nov. B G. japonicum C G. yamagishii D G. philippinense E G. shisa sp. nov. F G. pennsylvanicum.

Figure 5. Antennae of Japanese Gryon spp. A G. fulvicoxa sp. nov., female B G. japonicum, female C G. yamagishii, female D G. philippinense, female E G. shisa sp. nov., female F G. pennsylvanicum, female G G. fulvicoxa sp. nov., male H G. japonicum, male I G. yamagishii, male J G. philippinense, male K G. shisa sp. nov., male L G. pennsylvanicum, male.

Figure 6. Forewing of Japanese Gryon spp. A G. fulvicoxa sp. nov. B G. japonicum C G. yamagishii D G. philippinense E G. shisa sp. nov. F G. pennsylvanicum.

Figure 7. Mesosoma of Japanese Gryon spp. A G. japonicum, dorsal view B lateral view C G. philippinense, dorsal view D lateral view E G. pennsylvanicum, dorsal view F lateral view.

Figure 8. Mesosoma of Japanese Gryon spp. A G. japonicum, anterior view B posterior view C G. philippinense, anterior view D posterior view E G. pennsylvanicum, anterior view F posterior view.

Figure 9. Metasoma of Japanese Gryon spp. A G. japonicum, dorsal view B ventral view C G. philippinense, dorsal view D ventral view E G. pennsylvanicum, dorsal view F ventral view.