Peroneutypa rubiformis Q.J. Shang, Phookamsak & K.D. Hyde, 2018

Shang, Qiu-Ju, Hyde, Kevin D., Jeewon, Rajesh, Khan, Sehroon, Promputtha, Itthayakorn & Phookamsak, Rungtiwa, 2018, Morpho-molecular characterization of Peroneutypa (Diatrypaceae, Xylariales) with two novel species from Thailand, Phytotaxa 356 (1), pp. 1-18 : 7-12

Peroneutypa rubiformis Q.J. Shang, Phookamsak & K.D. Hyde , sp. nov.

Index Fungorum number: IF 553975, Facesoffungi number: FoF 03872, Figs. 3 , 4

Etymology: —The specific epithet “ rubiformis ” refers to the figuration of the stroma on the surface of the substance with rubus-like shape

Holotype: — MFLU 17-1185

Saprobic on bark. Sexual morph: Stromata 1–1.4 mm wide, with poorly developed interior, solitary to scattered, 1–10 locules, immersed, becoming raised to erumpent by ostiolar canal, dark brown to black, glabrous, circular to irregular, arranged by conspicuous, clustered, roundish prominent ostioles in the centre, rubus-like or star-like in shape. Ascomata (excluding necks) 60–320 μm high, 90–360 μm diam. (x = 109 × 159 μm, n = 10), perithecial, immersed in a stroma, dark brown to black, globose to subglobose, glabrous, individual ostiole with neck. Ostiolar canals 110–240 μm high, 30–75 μm diam. (x = 176 × 52 μm, n = 20), cylindrical, sulcate, compressed at the apex, periphysate. Peridium 20–25 μm wide, composed of two section layers, outer section comprising 5–7 layers, of relatively small, brown to dark brown, thick-walled cells, arranged in textura angularis, inner part comprising 3–5 layers of hyaline cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium composed of 7–11 μm wide, dense, cylindrical, septate, slightly swell at the septate, hyaline, paraphyses, slightly swollen at the septa. Asci (23–)40–55(–63) × (3–)4–6(–7) μm (x = 50 × 5 μm, n = 110), 8-spored, unitunicate, spindle-shape, short stalked, apically rounded to truncate, with a J- subapical ring. Ascospores (3–)4–4.7(–5) × (1–)1.4–1.9(–2.5) μm (x = 4.3 × 1.6 μm, n = 160), overlapping 1–2-seriate, hyaline to pale yellowish, elongate-allantoid, aseptate, smooth-walled, with small guttules. Asexual morph: Coelomycetous, forming pycnidia on PDA after four weeks. Conidiomata 0.2–0.5 mm diam., appearing as blackish-white, watery, bubble-like, rounded, with conidial masses, superficial, solitary or aggregated, subconical, globose to subglobose, shiny, with smooth surface, white, dark brown to black. Pycnidial walls 60–140 μm wide, comprising several layers of dark brown, compressed hyphae, arranged in a textura intricata. Conidiophores (40–)65–118(–150) × (1.6–)1.3–4.4(– 9) μm (x = 90 × 2.8 μm, n = 20), branched, arising from pseudoparenchymatous cells or interwoven hyphae, hyaline to brown. Conidiogenous cells (14–)16–23(–27) × (1.7–)1.9–2.6(–2.8) μm (x = 20 × 2 μm, n = 15), cylindrical, holoblastic, straight or curved, apically distorted on conidial secession. Conidia (18–)24–32(–43) × (1–)1.2–1.7(–2.1) (x = 28 × 1.5 μm, n = 60), hyaline, lunate to filiform, tapering towards both ends, curved or rarely straight, aseptate, flattened base and blunt apex.

Culture characteristics:—Ascospores germinating on PDA within 24 hrs. Germ tubes produced from all sides. Colonies on PDA reaching 0.5–1.4 cm diam. after 10 days in normal condition at 20–25 ° C, colonies circular to irregular, medium dense, flat or effuse, slightly raised, with edge fimbriate, fluffy to fairy fluffy, colonies on from above and below white (10 days) to black (after 30 days). Aerial mycelium hyaline to dark brown to black, with ellipsoidal to cylindrical, forming hyaline, globose, in chain chlamydospores, not producing pigments in agar.

Material examined:— THAILAND, Chiang Mai Province, Mushroom Research Center , on undetermined dead wood, 27 January 2017, Q. J. Shang, M7 P4-10 ( MFLU 17-1185 , holotype!; KUN-HKAS 99639, isotype!), ex-type living culture, MFLUCC17-2142 ! = KUMCC 17-0155 !

Notes:—Based on phylogenetic analyses and morphological comparison, Peroneutypa rubiformis ( MFLUCC 17-2142) is introduced as a new taxon and clearly belongs to the genus Peroneutypa in Diatrypaceae . Peroneutypa rubiformis is morphologically distinct from P. alsophila and P. scoparia in having squat ostioles appearing on substance surface, with spindle-shape of the asci ( Fig. 3 ). The asexual morph of P. rubiformis sporulated on PDA as a coelomycete which resembles Cytosporina Sacc. ( Fig. 4 ).

Peroneutypa scoparia (Schwein.) Carmarán & A.I. Romero , in Carmarán, Romero & Giussani, Fungal Diversity 23: 84 (2006) Figs. 5 , 6

Saprobic on bark. Sexual morph: Stromata 1.2–2 mm wide, not developed or with poorly-developed interior, solitary to gregarious, 4–8 locules, immersed, becoming raised to erumpent by a long ostiolar canal, dark brown to black, glabrous, circular to irregular in shape, arranged in longitudinally, with conspicuous, clustered, roundish to cylindrical prominent ostioles on substrate the surface. Ascomata (excluding necks) 150–360 μm high, 185–350 μm diam. (x = 256–266 μm, n = 30), perithecial, immersed in a stroma, dark brown to black, globose to subglobose, glabrous, individual ostioles with long necks. Ostiolar canals 295–585 μm high, 60–155 μm diam. (x = 441 × 105 μm, n = 15), cylindrical, sulcate, at the apex curved, periphysate. Peridium 20–35 μm wide, composed of two section layers, outer section comprising 3–5 layers, of relatively small, brown to dark brown, thick-walled cells, arranged in a textura angularis, inner part comprising 3–5 layers of hyaline cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium composed of 2–5 μm wide, dense, cylindrical, septate, slightly swell at the septate, hyaline, paraphyses, slightly swollen at the septa. Asci (18–)20–24(–28) × (2.9–)3.8–5 (–6.5) μm (x = 22 × 4.5 μm, n = 40), 8-spored, unitunicate, urn-shaped, long stalked, apically rounded to truncate, with a J- subapical ring. Ascospores (3–)3.7–4.5(–5) × (1–)1.4–1.7(–2) μm (x = 4.1 × 1.5 μm, n = 210), overlapping 1–2-seriate, hyaline to pale yellowish, oblong to allantoid, sometimes slightly curved, aseptate, smooth-walled, with small guttules. Asexual morph: Coelomycetous. Conidiomata 0.2–0.4 mm, pycnidial, appearing as beige-white, watery, rounded, conidial masses, superficial, solitary or aggregated, subconical, subglobose, shiny, with white mycelium covering the surface, white to gray. Pycnidial walls 115–160 μm wide, comprising several layers of dark brown, compressed hyphae, arranged in a textura intricata. Conidiophores (47–)60– 95(–106) × (1.9–)2.0–3.0(–3.6) μm (x = 77 × 2.4 μm, n = 15), branched, arising from pseudoparenchymatous cells or interwoven hyphae, hyaline to yellow. Conidiogenous cells (8–)11–20(–25) × (1.5–)1.7–3(–4) (x = 16 × 2.3 μm, n = 30), cylindrical, holoblastic, straight or curved, apically distorted on conidial secession. Conidia (14–)18–22(–25) × (1.2–)1.5–2(–2.1) (x = 20 × 1.7 μm, n = 85), hyaline, lunate to fusiform, or swan’s neck-like, curved at the apex, rarely straight, with flattened base and blunt apex.

Culture characteristics:—Ascospores germinating on PDA after 48 hrs. Germ tubes produced from all sides. Colonies on PDA reaching 1–2 cm diam. after 10 days at 25–30 °C, colonies circular to irregular, medium dense, flat or effuse, slightly raised, with edge fimbriate, fluffy to fairy fluffy, colonies from above and below white after 10 days, becoming grayish after 30 days, aerial mycelium hyaline to grayish, not producing pigments in agar.

Material examined:— THAILAND, Chiang Mai Province, Mushroom research center, on undetermined dead wood, 27 January 2017, Q. J. Shang, M7 P4-13 ( MFLU 17-1186 ; KUN-HKAS 99641), living culture, MFLUCC 17- 2143 = KUMCC 17-0156

Notes:—Asci dimensions of Peroneutypa scoparia ( MFLUCC 17-2143; Fig. 5 ) are distinct from P. scoparia in having smaller asci ( P. scoparia : (18–)20–24(–28) × (2.9–)3.8–5(–6.5) μm versus 21–40.5 × 3.5–5.5 μm: P. scoparia ; Dai et al. 2017). The asexual morph of P. scoparia is reported as a coelomycete resembling cytosporina-like as well ( Fig. 6 ).

Figures

FIGURE 3. Peroneutypa rubiformis (MFLU 17-1185, holotype!). a. Host substrate. b, c. Appearance of stromata on substrate. d. Appearance of ostiolar canals on host surface. e. Cross section through stroma. f. Vertical section through stroma. g. Ostiolar canal stained in congo red. h. Peridium. i–l. Asci. m. Paraphyses stained in congo red. n–p. Ascospores. q, r. Culture characteristic on PDA after 10 days (q = colony from above, r = colony from below). Scale bars: f = 250 μm, g = 50 μm, h, i, m = 20 μm, j–l, n = 10 μm, o, p = 5 μm.

FIGURE 4. Asexual morph of Peroneutypa rubiformis (MFLUCC 17-2142). a. Conidiomata on PDA. b. Squash mount of conidiomata. c. Section of conidioma. d. Hyphae. e. Chlamydospores. f. Peridium. g, i. Conidia attached to conidiogenous cells. h. Conidiophores. j. Conidia. Scale bars: b, c = 50 μm, d–f, h = 20 μm, g–j = 10 μm.

FIGURE 5. Peroneutypa scoparia (MFLU 17-1186). a. Host. b, c. Appearance of stromata on substrate. d. Cross section of stroma. e, f. Vertical section through stroma. g. Peridium. h. Ostiolar canal. i–m. Asci. n. Ascospores. o. Germinating ascospore. p, q. Culture characteristic on PDA after 10 days (p = colony from above, q = colony from below). Scale bars: e = 500 μm, f = 100 μm, g, i = 20 μm, h = 50 μm, j–o = 5 μm.

FIGURE 6. Asexual of Peroneutypa scoparia (MFLUCC 17-2143) a. Culture surface on PDA. b. Conidiomata on PDA. c. Section of conidioma. d. conidiophores stained with congo red. e. Peridium. f, i. Conidia. g, h. Conidia attached to conidiogenous cells. Scale bars: c = 100 μm, d, f–i, = 10 μm, e = 50 μm.