Cephennium mariposae Hopp & Caterino, 2009

Hopp, Katie & Caterino, Michael, 2009, Seven new species of Cephennium Müller & Kunze (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae, Cephenniini) from California with a key to native North American species, ZooKeys 24 (24), pp. 31-54 : 41-44

Cephennium mariposae Hopp & Caterino , sp. n.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2E36C8F3-E54C-4CD3-AAF4-A5D366014F5E

Figs 1C, 2C, 3C, 4C, 6

Type Material. Holotype (sex not determined): “CALIF: Mariposa Co.; Mariposa [̴ 37.4766°N, 119.9584°W] XI-15-1984; Berlese rotten log; A. J. Gilbert ” ( CSCA).

Etymology. This species is named for the county and town from which it was collected, Mariposa.

Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished from its California congeners by the character combination of the presence of four ommatidia on each side of the head ( Fig. 4C ), the mesosternal process truncate at the apex ( Fig. 2C ), and the humeral angle of the elytron weakly raised and dorsally flattened ( Fig. 3C ). Cephennium mariposae is most similar to C. celsifrons but can be distinguished from it by the latter having only two ommatidia on each side of the head ( Fig. 2A ) and a more elongate and slender body form (Fig. 1B). Th is species can be easily separated from C. urbanum , C. anopthalmicum , C. canestroi , C. grandarboreum and C. gilberti by the absence of ommatidia and the apex of the mesosternal keel being divergent in these species. It can be further distinguished from C. anophthalmicum , C. urbanum and C. aridum by the humeral angle of the elytron projecting laterally to a point in these three species ( Fig. 3A , G-H).

Description. Length: 0.836 mm; pronotal width: 0.380 mm; elytral width: 0.437 mm. Body broad, ovate, slightly convex, testaceous, evenly densely pubescent, pubescence golden, slender, moderate in length (Fig. 1C). Head small, deflexed, sparsely pubescent, not narrowing anteriorly from antennal insertions; frons flat; four ommatidia present on each side of head. Antenna setose, antennomere I and II longer than broad, antennomeres III-VI quadrate and smaller than antennomeres II and VII, antennomere VIII smaller than antennomeres VII and IX, antennomeres IX-XI gradually clavate forming a loose club. Pronotum densely pubescent, broadest between middle and anterior third, disc convex medially and weakly flattened near each posterior angle; anterior margin not visible from above; anterior and posterior margin lacking marginal bead; marginal bead complete laterally, gradually widening towards base; lateral edge broadly rounded to posterior third, then evenly to base (Fig. 1C). Hypomeron smooth, sparsely setose towards upper quarter and along outside (lateral) edge; hypomeral bead anterolaterad procoxae sinuate. Prosternum without nodules anterolaterad procoxal cavities ( Fig. 2C ). Elytra impunctate, as pubescent as pronotum, covering all abdominal segments, weakly truncate at apex; elytral suture flat; elytral striae absent; basomedial fovea present on each elytron, fovea small, with moderately dense inwardly directed setae (Figs. 1C, 3C). Humeral angles of elytron raised, dorsally flattened (plateau-like), apically rounded, slender, moderately curving posterad around anterolateral angles ( Fig. 3C ). Scutellum roundly triangular, without setae ( Fig. 3C ). Mesosternal keel setose with indentation around each seta, apex not divergent ( Fig. 2B ). Metathoracic wings vestigial. Femora strongly clavate in distal half, tibiae expanded and becoming more densely setose towards distal half. Six visible abdominal sternites (fusion between ventrites V and VI). Aedeagus not studied.

Female. Identical to male.

Biology. Th e lone specimen of this species was collected from a rotten log.

Distribution. This species is only known from Mariposa in Mariposa County, CA (Fig. 6).

Cephennium grandarboreum Hopp & Caterino , sp. n. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8CD00FEF-266D-42A1-8C2F-0031C5EAAF06

Figs 1D, 2D, 3D, 5C, 6

Type Material. Holotype. Male. “CA: Monterey Co.; 36.2403°N, 121.7781°W; LPNF: Sycamore Cyn.; II.14.2006; Caterino&Chatzimanolis; maple/redwood litter”/ “CA BEETLE PROJ; CBP0041534 ” ( SBMN).

Paratypes (7): 3 specimens with same data as holotype (1 SBMN, CBP0041525 [disarticulated]; 1 FMNH, CBP0041544 ; 1 CASC, CBP0041516 ) ; “CA: Monterey Co.; 36.0772°N, 121.5923°W; UC Big Creek Reserve; Redwood Camp, iii.28.2004. M. Caterino, redwood litter” (1 CSCA, CBP0018437 ; 1 LACM, CBP0018450 ; 1 SBMN [in freezer for DNA]) ; “CA: Monterey Co.; 36.0812°N, 121.5974°W; UC Big

Creek Reserve; BigCk/BrunetteCk.confl.; ii.7.2003, M. Caterino; redwood litter” (1 SBMN, CBP 0006070 [gold coated for SEM]).

Etymology. This species name is the combination of the Latin words grandis and arboreus, meaning very large tree, as this species is associated with coast redwoods ( Sequoia sempervirens ).

Diagnosis. This species is most similar to Cephennium gilberti but can be distinguished from it by its body size and shape. Cephennium grandarboreum is represented by the largest specimens (0.988 –1.121 mm long) of this genus currently known to occur in California, and is very robust. C. gilberti is known from the smallest specimen (0.646 mm long) of this genus known to occur in California and is much more slender and elongate. These two species can also be separated by the mesosternal keel, which is strongly divergent in C. grandarboreum , which has the apex ̴2.4× as wide as the widest anterior point ( Fig. 2D ). The mesosternal keel of C. gilberti is weakly divergent and ̴2× as wide as the widest anterior point ( Fig. 2F ). Cephennium grandarboreum can be separated from all other species by having two scutellar setae ( Fig.3D ) instead of four ( Fig. 3E ) or zero ( Figs 3 A-C, G-H). Apart from the scutellar setae, C. grandarboreum and C. canestroi are quite similar, with rounded elytral humeral angles, but the elytral foveae are large and densely setose in C. grandarboreum (Figs. 1D, 2D), whereas they are smaller and moderately setose in C. canestroi (Fig. 1E, 2E). Th e humeral angle of the elytron is also more slender and posterorly curved in C. grandarboreum ( Fig. 3D ) than in C. canestroi ( Fig. 3E ), and has a more strongly divergent mesosternal keel ( Fig. 2D ) than C. canestroi ( Fig. 2E ).

Description. Male. Length: 0.988 –1.121 mm; pronotal width: 0.418 –0.437 mm; elytral width: 0.456 –0.475 mm. Body broad, ovate, slightly convex, rufo-testaceous to amber yellow, evenly densely pubescent, pubescence golden, slender, long (Fig. 1D). Head small, deflexed moderately pubescent, weakly narrowing anteriorly from antennal insertions; eyes absent. Antenna setose, antennomere I and II longer than broad, antennomeres III-VI quadrate and smaller than antennomeres II and VII, antennomere VIII smaller than antennomeres VII and IX, antennomeres IX-XI gradually clavate forming a loose club. Pronotum densely pubescent, broadest between middle and anterior third, disc very convex medially and weakly flattened near each posterior angle; anterior margin not visible from above; anterior and posterior margin lacking marginal bead; marginal bead complete laterally, gradually widening towards base; lateral edge broadly rounded to posterior third, then weakly sinuate at base (Fig. 1D). Hypomeron smooth, sparsely setose towards upper quarter and along outside (lateral) edge, hypomeral bead anterolaterad procoxae with small knob at apex. Prosternum with small, weakly produced egg-shaped nodules anterolaterad procoxal cavities ( Fig. 2D ). Elytra impunctate, as pubescent as pronotum, covering all abdominal segments, weakly truncate at apex; elytral suture flat; elytral striae absent; basomedial fovea present on each elytron, fovea large, deep, with dense inwardly directed setae (Fig. 1D, 3D). Humeral angle of elytron raised laterad scutellum to humeral angle, humeral plateau slender, dorsally flattened, apically rounded; apex reaching posterad past midline of elytral fovea ( Fig. 3D ). Scutellum roundly triangular, with two setae ( Fig. 3D ). Mesosternal keel setose, texture ap- pearing as fish scales anteriorly, abruptly smooth and impunctate near mesometasternal suture, apex strongly bifid and divergent, posterior projections long ( Fig. 2D ). Metathoracic wings vestigial. Femora strongly clavate in distal half, tibiae expanded and becoming more densely setose towards distal half. Five visible abdominal sternites (sometimes appearing as six due to weak fusion between ventrites V and VI). Aedeagus with median lobe bulbous, heavily sclerotized, median dorsal projection coming to point at apex (triangular), reaching past apical collar; apical collar with dense setae surrounding opening; dorsal parameres slender, longer than median lobe but not extending past apical collar, with lateral subapical setae on each side; apical digiform process extending past apical collar, bent ventrad near apex ( Fig. 5C ).

Female. Identical to male.

Biology. Specimens were extracted from redwood litter and a combination of maple and redwood litter with the use of Berlese funnels.

Distribution. This species is known from a few localities near Big Sur, Monterey County, CA (Fig. 6).

Figures

Figure 2. A–H Mesosternal keel SEMs A Cephennium anophthalmicum Brendel B Cephennium celsifrons Hopp & Caterino C Cephennium mariposae Hopp & Caterino D Cephennium grandarboreum Hopp & Caterino E Cephennium canestroi Hopp & Caterino F Cephennium gilberti Hopp & Caterino G Cephennium urbanum Hopp & Caterino H Cephennium aridum Hopp & Caterino.

Figure 3. A–H Base of left elytron A Cephennium anophthalmicum Brendel B Cephennium celsifrons Hopp & Caterino C Cephennium mariposae Hopp & Caterino D Cephennium grandarboreum Hopp & Caterino E Cephennium canestroi Hopp & Caterino F Cephennium gilberti Hopp & Caterino G Cephennium urbanum Hopp & Caterino H Cephennium aridum Hopp & Caterino.

Figure 4. A–D Characters on the head, including number of ommatidia and male frons A–B Cephennium celsifrons Hopp & Caterino C Cephennium mariposae Hopp & Caterino D Cephennium aridum Hopp & Caterino.

Figure 5. A–F Dorsal and lateral view of the aedeagus A Cephennium anophthalmicum Brendel B Cephennium celsifrons Hopp & Caterino C Cephennium grandarboreum Hopp & Caterino D Cephennium canestroi Hopp & Caterino E Cephennium urbanum Hopp & Caterino F Cephennium aridum Hopp & Caterino.