Glyptapanteles nealweberi Arias-Penna, sp. nov.

Arias-Penna, Diana Carolina, Whitfield, James B., Janzen, Daniel H., Winifred Hallwachs,, Dyer, Lee A., Smith, M. Alex, Hebert, Paul D. N. & Fernandez-Triana, Jose L., 2019, A species-level taxonomic review and host associations of Glyptapanteles (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae) with an emphasis on 136 new reared species from Costa Rica and Ecuador, ZooKeys 890, pp. 1-685 : 1

Glyptapanteles nealweberi Arias-Penna, sp. nov. Figs 173 , 174

Female.

Body length 2.73 mm, antenna length 3.38 mm, fore wing length 3.03 mm.

Type material.

Holotype: COSTA RICA • 1♀; 07-SRNP-67067, DHJPAR0025605; Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Alajuela, Sector San Cristóbal, Potrero Argentina ; pastures; Malaise ; 520 m; 10.89021, -85.38803; 02.x.2007; DH Janzen & W Hallwachs leg.; ( CNC) . Paratypes. • 1 (1♀, 0 ♂) (0 ♀, 0 ♂); 07-SRNP-67066, DHJPAR0025604; same data as for holotype except: 15.viii.2007; ( CNC) . • 1 (0 ♀, 1♂) (0 ♀, 0 ♂); 07-SRNP-67116, DHJPAR0025654; same data as for holotype except: 28.xii.2007; ( CNC) . • 1 (0 ♀, 0 ♂) (0 ♀, 1♂); 07-SRNP-67758, DHJPAR0027496; same data as for holotype except: 09.viii.2007; ( CNC) . • 1 (0 ♀, 1♂) (0 ♀, 0 ♂); 07-SRNP-67765, DHJPAR0027503; same data as for holotype except: 09.viii.2007; ( CNC) .

Other material.

Reared material. COSTA RICA: Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Guanacaste, Sector Pitilla, Coneja : • 1 (1♀, 0 ♂) (0 ♀, 0 ♂); 09-SRNP-73650, DHJPAR0038202; rain forest; 415 m; 11.01525, -85.39766; 07.xi.2009; Ricardo Calero leg. ; caterpillar collected in second instar; cocoon adhered to the leaf substrate and formed on 19.xi.2009; adult parasitoid emerged on 26.xi.2009.

Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Guanacaste, Sector Pitilla, Sendero Naciente: • 1 (0 ♀, 0 ♂) (1♀, 0 ♂); 11-SRNP-30888, DHJPAR0043084; rain forest; 700 m; 10.98705, -85.42816; 01.iv.2011; Manuel Rios leg. ; caterpillar collected in second instar; cocoon adhered to the leaf substrate and formed on 08.iv.2011; adult parasitoid emerged on 20.iv.2011.

Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Alajuela, Sector Rincón Rain Forest, Quebrada Escondida : • 1 (0 ♀, 0 ♂) (1♀, 0 ♂); 10-SRNP-40104, DHJPAR0039041; 420 m; 10.89928, -85.27486; 14.i.2010; José Pérez leg. ; caterpillar collected in fifth instar; very small very dark cylinder cocoon adhered to the leaf substrate and formed on 18.i.2010; adult parasitoid emerged on 13.iii.2010.

Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Alajuela, Sector Rincón Rain Forest, Conguera : • 1 (0 ♀, 0 ♂) (1♀, 0 ♂); 10-SRNP-44571, DHJPAR0041885; 420 m; 10.91589, -85.26631; 30.xi.2010; Pablo Umaña Calderon leg.; caterpillar collected in third instar; cocoon adhered to the leaf substrate and formed on 06.xii.2010; adult parasitoid emerged on 13.xii.2010. • 1 (0 ♀, 0 ♂) (1♀, 0 ♂); 10-SRNP-44572, DHJPAR0041930; same data as for preceding except: single white cocoon; adult parasitoid emerged on 18.xii.2010. • 1 (0 ♀, 0 ♂) (0 ♀, 1♂); 10-SRNP-44609, DHJPAR0041925; same data as for precedig except: Jorge Hernández; single white cocoon .

Malaise-trapped material.

COSTA RICA: Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Guanacaste, Sector El Hacha, Sendero Bejuquilla : • 1♀ (1♀, 0 ♂) (0 ♀, 0 ♂); 98-SRNP-16035, DHJPAR0012622; intergrade dry-rain forest; Malaise ; 280 m; 11.03004, -85.52699; 16.xi.1998; DH Janzen & W Hallwachs leg.

Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Alajuela, Sector San Cristóbal, Potrero Argentina: • 1♀; 07-SRNP-67049, DHJPAR0025587; pastures; Malaise ; 520 m; 10.89021, -85.38803; 10.vii.2007; DH Janzen & W Hallwachs leg.; whole specimen was used for DNA extraction .

Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Alajuela, Sector San Cristóbal, Rio Blanco Abajo : • 1♀ (1♀, 0 ♂) (0 ♀, 0 ♂); 07-SRNP-66364, DHJPAR0024902; Malaise; rain forest; 500 m; 10.90037, -85.37254; 02.x.2007; DH Janzen & W Hallwachs leg. • 1♀ (0 ♀, 0 ♂) (1♀, 0 ♂); 07-SRNP-66391, DHJPAR0024929; same data as for preceding except: 21.viii.2007 . • 1 (0 ♀, 0 ♂) (1♀, 0 ♂); 07-SRNP-66677, DHJPAR0025215; same data as for preceding except: 22.vii.2007 . • 1 (0 ♀, 0 ♂) (0 ♀, 1♂); 07-SRNP-67716, DHJPAR0026411; same data as for preceding except: 13.xi.2007 . • 1 (0 ♀, 1♂) (0 ♀, 0 ♂); 08-SRNP-3127, DHJPAR0026708; same data as for preceding except: 18.iii.2008 .

Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Alajuela, Sector San Cristóbal, Bosque trampa Malaise: • 1 (0 ♀, 1♂) (0 ♀, 0 ♂); 07-SRNP-67363, DHJPAR0025901; rain forest; 815 m; 10.86280, -85.38460; 22.vii.2007; DH Janzen & W Hallwachs leg. • 1 (0 ♀, 0 ♂) (0 ♀, 1♂); 07-SRNP-67373, DHJPAR0025911; same data as for preceding .

Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Alajuela, Sector Rincón Rain Forest, Vado Río Francia: • 1 (0 ♀, 1♂) (0 ♀, 0 ♂); 07-SRNP-66846, DHJPAR0025384; Malaise ; 400 m; 10.90093, -85.28915; 01.xii.2007; DH Janzen & W Hallwachs leg.

Diagnosis.

Ventral margin of fore telotarsus slightly excavated and with a tiny curved seta, medioanterior pit of metanotum semicircular and bisected by a median longitudinal carina ( Figs 173F , 174G ), propleuron with fine rugae, dorsal carina delimiting a dorsal furrow present ( Figs 173A, C, G , 174C, I ), antenna longer than body, anterior furrow of metanotum with a small lobe, without setae ( Figs 173F , 174G ), distal antennal flagellomere longer than penultimate, surface of metasternum convex, precoxal groove deep with lineate sculpture ( Figs 173A, G , 174A, I ), fore wing with vein 1 cu-a curved, r vein curved ( Figs 173J , 174K ), dorsal outer depression on hind coxa present ( Figs 173H , 174J ), inner margin of eyes diverging slightly at antennal sockets ( Figs 173B , 174B ), petiole on T1 finely sculptured only laterally ( Figs 173D, I , 174H ), and lateral grooves delimiting the median area on T2 clearly defined and reaching the distal edge of T2 ( Figs 173D, I , 174H ).

Coloration

( Fig. 173 A–K ). General body coloration shiny black except scape and pedicel yellow, both with a lateral brown band; clypeus brown; labrum, mandible, glossa, and tegulae yellow; all antennal flagellomeres dark brown on both sides; maxillary and labial palps ivory/pale yellow; apex of propleuron, dorsal furrow of pronotum, epicnemial ridge, a narrow ventral band on mesopleuron, distal-lateral corners of mesoscutum, apex of scutellum, and lateral ends of metanotum with yellow-brown/reddish tints. Eyes and ocelli silver. Fore and middle legs ivory/pale yellow except most of the femora, tibiae and tarsomeres dark yellow, and claws brown; hind legs ivory/pale yellow except distal half of coxae with evenly black coloration, distally femora with a tiny brown dot, tibiae and tarsomeres reddish/orange. Petiole on T1 polished black, contours darkened and sublateral areas ivory/pale yellow; T2 with median area black, wide adjacent area yellow-brown, median and adjacent areas together forming a rectangle-shaped, and lateral ends ivory/pale yellow; T3 broadly brown, proximally brown area coinciding with the distal width of median plus adjacent areas on T2, proximal half of lateral ends ivory/pale yellow and distal half yellow-brown; T4 and beyond completely brown; distally each tergum with a wide yellow-brown transparent band. In lateral view, T1-3 ivory/pale yellow; T4 and beyond brown. S1-3 ivory/pale yellow; S4 yellow, but medially with a brown area; penultimate sternum and hypopygium completely brown.

Description.

Head ( Fig. 173 A–C ). Head rounded with pubescence long and dense. Proximal three antennal flagellomeres longer than wide (0.23:0.08, 0.26:0.08, 0.25:0.08), distal antennal flagellomere longer than penultimate (0.14:0.06, 0.11:0.06), antenna longer than body (3.38, 2.73); antennal scrobes-frons shallow. Face flat or nearly so, punctate-lacunose, interspaces wavy and longitudinal median carina present. Frons smooth. Temple wide, punctate-lacunose and interspaces wavy. Inner margin of eyes diverging slightly at antennal sockets; in lateral view, eye anteriorly convex and posteriorly straight. POL shorter than OOL (0.09, 0.12). Malar suture present. Median area between lateral ocelli slightly depressed. Vertex laterally pointed or nearly so and dorsally wide.

Mesosoma ( Fig. 173A, E–G ). Mesosoma dorsoventrally convex. Mesoscutum proximally convex and distally flat, punctation distinct proximally with polished area distally, interspaces wavy/lacunose. Scutellum triangular, apex sloped and fused with BS, scutellar punctation distinct throughout, in profile scutellum slightly convex, but on same plane as mesoscutum, phragma of the scutellum partially exposed; BS only very partially overlapping the MPM; ATS demilune with quite a little, complete and parallel carinae; dorsal ATS groove with semicircular/parallel carinae. Transscutal articulation with small and heterogeneous foveae, area just behind transscutal articulation nearly at the same level as mesoscutum (flat), smooth and shiny. Metanotum with BM wider than PFM (clearly differentiated); MPM semicircular and bisected by a median longitudinal carina; AFM with a small lobe and not as well delineated as PFM; PFM thick, smooth and with lateral ends rounded; ATM proximally with a groove with some sculpturing and distally smooth. Propodeum without median longitudinal carina, proximal half curved with medium-sized sculpture and distal half rugose; distal edge of propodeum with a flange at each side and without stubs; propodeal spiracle distally framed by a short concave carina; nucha surrounded by very short radiating carinae. Pronotum with a distinct dorsal furrow, dorsally with a well-defined smooth band; central area of pronotum and both dorsal and ventral furrows with sculpture. Propleuron with fine rugae and dorsally without a carina. Metasternum convex. Contour of mesopleuron convex, precoxal groove deep with transverse lineate sculpture; epicnemial ridge elongated more fusiform (tapering at both ends).

Legs. Ventral margin of fore telotarsus slightly excavated and with a tiny curved seta, fore telotarsus almost same width throughout and longer than fourth tarsomere (0.12, 0.07). Hind coxa with punctation only on ventral surface, dorsal outer depression present. Inner spur of hind tibia longer than outer spur (0.34, 0.21), entire surface of hind tibia with dense strong spines clearly differentiated by color and length. Hind telotarsus as equal in length as fourth tarsomere (0.15, 0.15).

Wings ( Fig. 173J, K ). Fore wing with r vein curved; 2RS vein straight; r and 2RS veins forming a weak, even curve at their junction and outer side of junction not forming a stub; 2M vein slightly curved/swollen; distally fore wing [where spectral veins are] with microtrichiae more densely concentrated than the rest of the wing; anal cell 1/3 proximally lacking microtrichiae; subbasal cell with microtrichiae virtually throughout; vein 2CUa absent and vein 2CUb spectral; vein 2 cu-a absent; vein 2-1A proximally tubular and distally spectral, although sometimes difficult to see; tubular vein 1 cu-a curved, incomplete/broken and not reaching the edge of 1-1A vein. Hind wing with vannal lobe narrow, subdistally and subproximally straightened, and setae present only proximally.

Metasoma ( Fig. 173A, D, H, I ). Metasoma laterally compressed. Petiole on T1 finely sculptured only laterally, virtually parallel-sided over most of length, but narrowing over distal 1/3 (length 0.42, maximum width 0.20, minimum width 0.10) and with scattered pubescence concentrated in the first distal third. Lateral grooves delimiting the median area on T2 clearly defined and reaching the distal edge of T2 (length median area 0.16, length T2 0.16), edges of median area polished and lateral grooves deep, median area broader than long (length 0.16, maximum width 0.22, minimum width 0.08); T2 with scattered pubescence only distally. T3 longer than T2 (0.21, 0.16) and with scattered pubescence only distally. Pubescence on hypopygium dense.

Cocoon. Beige or white oval cocoon with evenly smooth silk fibers. Cocoon adhered to the leaf substrate.

Male

( Fig. 174 A–K ). The sterna of metasoma are darker than female.

Etymology.

Neal A. Weber’s interests are focused on ants ( Myrmicinae, Attini ). He works at the University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA.

Distribution.

The parasitized caterpillars were collected in Costa Rica, ACG, Sector Rincón Rain Forest (Conguera, Quebrada Escondida), Sector Pitilla (Coneja, Sendero Naciente), and Sector San Cristóbal (Potrero Argentina), during November 2009; January and October-November 2010; and April 2011 at 415, 420 and 700 m in rain forest.

Adult parasitoids were collected in Costa Rica, ACG, Sector El Hacha (Sendero Bejuquilla), Sector Rincón Rain Forest (Vado Río Francia), and Sector San Cristóbal (Bosque trampa Malaise, Río Blanco Abajo, and Potrero Argentina), during November 1998, July-August and October-December 2007, and March 2008 at 280 m, 400 m, 500 m, 520 m, and 815 m in pasture, intergrade dry-rain, and rain forests.

Biology.

The lifestyle of this parasitoid species is solitary.

Host.

Rejectaria sp. Guenée ( Erebidae : Herminiinae) feeding on Alsophila firma , Cyathea multiflora , C. trichiata ( Cyatheaceae ) and Serpocaulon maritimum ( Polypodiaceae ). Scopifera antelia Druce ( Erebidae : Herminiinae) feeding on Cyathea multiflora and C. trichiata ( Cyatheaceae ). Caterpillars were collected in second, third and fifth instar.

Figures

Figure 173. Glyptapanteles nealweberi sp. nov. female 07 - SRNP- 67066 DHJPAR 0025604, 07 - SRNP- 66364 DHJPAR 0024902 A Habitus B Head, frontal view C Head, pronotum, propleuron, lateral view D T 1 - 3, dorsal view E Mesonotum, dorsal view F Scutellum, metanotum, propodeum, dorsal view G Mesosoma, lateral view H, I Metasoma H Lateral view I Dorsal view J, K Wings J Fore K Hind.

Figure 174. Glyptapanteles nealweberi sp. nov. male 07 - SRNP- 67116 DHJPAR 0025654, 07 - SRNP- 66846 DHJPAR 0025384 A Habitus B, D Head B Frontal view D Dorsal view C Head, pronotum, propleuron, lateral view E, J Metasoma E Dorsal view J Lateral view F Mesonotum, dorsal view G Scutellum, metanotum, propodeum, dorsal view H T 1 - 3, dorsal view I Mesosoma, lateral view K Fore and hind wings.