Clubiona Latreille, 1804

Marusik, Yuri M. & Omelko, Mikhail M., 2018, A survey of the Porrhoclubiona Lohmander, 1944 from Central Asia (Araneae, Clubiondae), ZooKeys 802, pp. 19-38 : 20-21

Clubiona Latreille, 1804

Clubiona Latreille, 1804: 134 (type Araneus pallidulus Clerck, 1757).

Hirtia Thorell, 1881: 222 (type H. hatamensis Thorell, 1891).

Atalia Thorell, 1887: 54 (type A. concinna Thorell, 1887).

Tolophus Thorell, 1891: 26 (type T. submaculatus Thorell, 1891).

Paraclubiona Lohmander, 1944: 19 (type Aranea corticalis (Walckenaer, 1802).

Microclubiona Lohmander, 1944: 20 (type C. trivialis C.L. Koch, 1834).

Porrhoclubiona Lohmander, 1944: 20 (subgenus of Microclubiona , type C. clandestina Menge, 1873 (= C. genevensis L. Koch, 1866).

Hyloclubiona Lohmander, 1944: 20 (subgenus of Microclubiona , type C. comta C.L. Koch, 1839).

Heteroclubiona Lohmander, 1944: 20 (subgenus of Clubiona , type C. terrestris Westring, 1851).

Epiclubiona Lohmander, 1944: 20 (subgenus of Clubiona , type C. neglecta O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1862, not C. similis L. Koch, 1866 as indicated by Wunderlich 2011).

Euryclubiona Lohmander, 1944: 21 (subgenus of Clubiona , type C. subsultans Thorell, 1875).

Gauroclubiona Lohmander, 1944: 21 (subgenus of Clubiona , type C. coerulescens L. Koch, 1867).

Bucliona Benoit, 1977: 68 (type Clubiona dubia O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1869).

Japoniona Mikhailov, 1990: 143 ( C. japonica L. Koch, 1878).

Bicluona Mikhailov, 1994: 52 (subgenus of Clubiona , Liocranum jucundum Karsch, 1879).

Marmorclubiona Wunderlich, 2011: 136 (type C. marmorata L. Koch, 1866).

Breviclubiona Wunderlich, 2011: 139 (type C. brevipes Blackwall, 1841).

Anaclubiona Ono, 2010: 4 (type C. zilla Dönitz & Strand, 1906).

Note.

Above we have listed all names that are currently considered synonyms of Clubiona . Most are missing from the WCS (2018), but almost all are listed in Wunderlich (2011) and in Mikhailov (2012). One name is lacking in all three aforementioned publications, Hirtia . Because many genus group names correspond to the species groups and very distinct from Clubiona s. str., and Clubiona is one of the largest genera of spiders, most of the genus group names can be considered separate genera (if they are not junior synonyms). Notably, Wunderlich (2011) suggested to resurrect all genus group names in Clubiona , describing several genera and three family group names, two for recent species, Microclubionini Wunderlich, 2011 and Eodotinae Wunderlich, 2011, and one for the fossil genus Eodoter Petrunkevitch, 1858 ( Eodotinae Wunderlich, 2011). Mikhailov (2012) synonymised all genera listed above with Clubiona .

The Clubiona genevensis -group fits Lohmander’s Porrhoclubiona Lohmander, 1944 with the type species C. genevensis . Wunderlich (2011) considers Porrhoclubiona as separate genus in Microclubionini . Here we follow Wunderlich’s subdivision of Clubiona sensu lato.

Comments.

While trying to rediagnose Porrhoclubiona we noticed a peculiar modification of leg I and II in females: they have a kind of scopula (Figs 2d, 3a). A similar modification was documented for Clubiona comta C.L. Koch, 1839 (= Hyloclubiona c. ) by Marusik and Kunt (2010). We thought that it was a diagnostic character for two related genera, but checking Clubiona pallidula , the generotype (Fig. 2e) and some other species revealed that this character is present in many species of Clubiona s. l. Locket & Millidge (1951: 125) mentioned scopulae on legs I and II present in all British Clubiona , that it was well developed only in females and can be reduced to a single row in a smaller species. Deeleman-Reinhold (2001) also reported the presence of scopulae in the Clubiona pteronetoides -group without specifying in which sexes.

Light microscopy (Fig. 2d, e) indicated that the modified setae cannot be considered as scopula. They are absent ventrally on the tarsus-tibia but located ventro-laterally and additionally are adpressed and not erect. SEM microscopy reveals that that “setae” in “scopula” are movable spines and have locking mechanisms (Lm), at least on the metatarsi and tibiae (Fig. 3e). A locking spine mechanism is known in several unrelated groups of spiders like Oonopidae , Corinnidae , Phrurolithidae , etc. (cf. Marusik et al. 2013: figs 7-10). In that groups, the locking mechanism is present in both sexes and such as ventral paired spines only. These spines are long, and when erect act as a catching basket for prey capture. The function of such spines arranged in 3-4 rows on each side of the segment is unclear.