Cirrophorus turcicus, Erdoğan-Dereli & Çinar & Dağli, 2017

Erdoğan-Dereli, Deniz, Çinar, Melih Ertan & Dağli, Ertan, 2017, Cirrophorus species (Annelida: Polychaeta: Paraonidae) in the Sea of Marmara, with description of a new species, Zootaxa 4347 (1), pp. 137-150 : 142-147

Cirrophorus turcicus sp. nov.

( Figures 5–7 )

Cirrophorus cf. lyriformis ; Laubier, 1965 (in part): 469–477, fig 1 (in part); Laubier and Ramos, 1974: 216 –219 (non Annenkova, 1934).

Cirrophorus furcatus ; Katzmann and Laubier, 1975: 222 –225, fig. 6; Çinar et al. 2014: 747 (in part) (non Hartman, 1957)

Material examined. Holotype: ESFM-POL /2013-1039, Sea of Marmara, Turkey 0 9 June 2013, Y16, 40°24'13''N, 27°39'47''E, 41 m, maerl bed . Paratypes: ESFM-POL/ 2013-82, 0 7 June 2013, Y4, 40°17'49''N, 26°35'44''E, 25 m, mud, 1 specimen; ESFM-POL/2013-486, 21 June 2 0 13, Y37, 40°49'15''N, 29°09'58''E, 100 m, mud, 1 specimen; ESFM-POL/2013-502, 14 June 2013, Y31, 40°56'16''N, 28°24'25''E, 200 m, mud, 1 specimen; ESFM-POL/2013- 569, 17 June 2013, Y29, 40°33'32''N, 28°44'58''E, 100 m, muddy sand, 10 specimens; ESFM-POL/2013-589, 23 June 2013, Y32, 40°55'06''N, 28°34'11''E, 100 m, sandy mud, 2 specimen; ESFM-POL/2013-625, 19 June 2013, Y40, 40°43'12''N, 29°17'33''E, 500 m, mud, 1 specimen; ESFM-POL/2013-1035, 0 7 June 2013, Y4, 40°18'09''N, 26°35'15''E, 50 m, sand, 1 specimen; ESFM-POL/2013-1036, 10 June 2013, Y13, 40°45'15''N, 27°20'49''E, 50 m, maerl bed, 1 specimen; ESFM-POL/2013-1040, 10 June 2013, Y18, 40°54'15''N, 27°33'16''E, 200 m, mud, 1 specimen; ESFM-POL/2013-1041, 12 June 2013, Y19, 40°56'10''N, 27°44'16''E, 100 m, muddy sand, 5 specimens; ESFM-POL/2013-1042, 12 June 2013, Y19, 40°56'10''N, 27°44'16''E, 200 m, muddy sand, 2 specimens; ESFM- POL/2013-1044, 16 June 2013, Y23, 40°27'20''N, 28°10'19''E, 50 m, maerl bed, 1 specimen; ESFM-POL/2013- 1045, 16 June 2013, Y25, 40°26'49''N, 28°19'11''E, 50 m, mud, 3 specimens; ESFM-POL/2013-1046, 16 June 2013, Y27, 40°23'30''N, 29°03'23''E, 50 m, mud, 2 specimens; ESFM-POL/2013-1048, 14 June 2 013,Y31, 41°01'25''N, 28°26'23''E, 25 m, maerl bed, 5 specimens; ESFM-POL/2013-1049, 14 June 2013, Y31, 41°00'40''N, 28°26'14''E, 50 m, sand, 1 specimen; ESFM-POL/2013-1050, 23 June 2013, Y32, 41°00'28''N, 28°34'27''E, 10 m, mud, 1 specimen; ESFM-POL/2013-1052, 24 June 2013, Y34, 40°56'12''N, 28°51'53''E, 50 m, maerl bed, 1 specimen; ESFM-POL/2013-1053, 19 June 2013, Y38, 40°47'42''N, 29°18'22''E, 50 m, muddy sand, 3 specimen; ESFM-POL/2013-1055, 19 June 2013, Y39, 40°40'36''N, 29°09'47''E, 200 m, mud, 4 specimens; ESFM-POL/ 2013-1056, 20 June 2013, Y41, 40°42'42''N, 29°25'20''E, 50 m, mud, 2 specimens; ESFM-POL/2013-1057, 20 June 2013, Y41, 40°43'18''N, 29°24'58''E, 100 m, mud, 5 specimens; ESFM-POL/2013-1058, 20 June 2013, Y42, 40°45'43''N, 29°29'39''E, 50 m, mud, 2 specimens; ESFM-POL/2013-1426, 0 6 June 2013, Y3, 40°13'10''N, 26°25'45''E, 50 m, muddy sand, 1 specimen.

Description. All specimens incomplete; holotype 5.4 mm long (2.8–9.6 mm long in paratypes), 0.41 mm wide (0.24–0.56 mm wide in paratypes), with 34 anterior chaetigers (25–75 chaetigers in paratypes). Color of holotype in alcohol pale yellow with red speckles along body. Body cylindrical; widths of prebranchial and branchial regions nearly same; in postbranchial region body gradually getting thinner ( Fig. 5A ). Prostomium as long as wide (length/ width: 0.90); anterior margin of prostomium somewhat pointed ( Figs. 5A–B , 7A–C ). Buccal lips with 7 longitudinal folds extending to anterior margin of chaetiger 1. Anterior lips Y-shaped (also in all paratypes) ( Fig. 5C ). Eyes absent in holotype, present in most paratypes. Peristomium fused with prostomium, not discernible on dorsal side. Antenna, long (half of prostomium length), thick and digitiform ( Figs. 5A–B , 7A–C ), 82 µm in holotype, 54–140 µm long in paratypes. One pair of nuchal organs, in form of deep nuchal slits, dorso-laterally placed on posterior part of prostomium; nuchal organs with red speckles in all specimens ( Figs. 5A–B , 7C ) and more or less crescent-shaped ( Fig. 5B ). Parapodia biramous. Notopodial postchaetal lobes starting from chaetiger 1, short, finger-like, increasing in length after chaetiger 3; gradually getting longer and clavate in anterior part of branchial region; getting shorter and cirriform in posterior part of branchial and postbranchial regions ( Figs. 5A–B , 6A,C–D , 7B ). Neuropodial postchaetal lobes absent ( Fig. 5B ).

Branchiae 20 pairs in holotype, 17 or 28 pairs in paratypes, beginning on chaetiger 4 (in all types). Branchiae conical with rounded tip (length/width mostly between; 3.5–6, maximum length: 251 µm), long ciliary bands on middle line of branchiae ( Fig. 6A ). First pair of branchiae slightly shorter than subsequent ones ( Figs. 5A , 7 A ).

Noto- and neurochaetae on chaetiger 1 with limbate (hirsute) chaetae only. Notopodia from chaetiger 2 to chaetiger 18 with limbate, capillary and lyrate chaetae; notopodia from chaetiger 19 to end of body with capillary and lyrate chaetae only. Neuropodia from chaetiger 2 to chaetiger 11 with limbate and capillary chaetae only; neuropodia from chaetiger 12 to end of body with only capillary chaetae. In anterior part of body, notopodial limbate chaetae (almost 292 µm) longer than neuropodial limbate (254 µm) ones; in middle part, neuropodial capillary chaetae (315 µm) always longer than notopodial capillary chaetae (126 µm).

Lyrate chaetae numbering 2–4 in all specimens and always starting at chaetiger 2, with unequal branches; width of branches equal; teeth discernible ( Figs. 6C–D ). In most paratypes, convex portion of lyrate chaetae with finely pilose area in anterior part of body ( Fig. 6B ). Maximum ratio between long and short branches 3.8 in anterior part, 3.2 in middle part, 3.2 in posterior part. Pygidium unknown.

Remarks. Cirrophorus turcicus sp. nov. is mainly characterized by having clavate notopodial postchaetal lobes in the branchial region; a very long branch of the lyrate chaetae; finely pilose area on the convex side of the lyrate chaetea in the anterior region; and a digitiform antenna. The main morphological differences between C. turcicus sp. nov. and the other Cirrophorus species are indicated in Table 1.

Species Antenna Number of Number Notopodial lobes Type of modified chaeta, Reference prebranchial of and if present, the ratio

chaetigers branchiae between long and short

branches of lyrate chaeta

aciculatus Cirriform , short 4 15 pairs short and digitiform Acicular chaeta Hartman, 1957

americanus Cirriform , almost 1/2 of 3 Up to 46 Short and tuberculate in first 3 chaetigers; long and Strelzovia - type modified Strelzov, 1973; 1979

prostomium pairs cirriform in posterior chaetigers chaetae and lyrate

chaetae; ratio: <1.8

branchiatus Cirriform or ovoid, nearly 4 23 pairs Thick and digitiform in prebranchial region; cirriform and Acicular chaeta Ehlers, 1908; Day, half of prostomium short in branchial region; almost reduced in postbranchial 1963; Laubier, 1965; region Strelzov, 1973; 1979; Present study

brevicirratus Small , 1/3 of prostomium 3 14-15 Well developed in first 3 chaetigers; short and cirriform in Lyrate chaetae; ratio: <2 Strelzov, 1973; 1979

pairs following chaetigers

furcatus Clavate, almost 1/4 of 3 29 to 33 Long, finger-like in prebranchial region; relatively short in Lyrate chaetae; ratio: <2 Hartman, 1957; prostomium pairs branchial region; short and triangular in postbranchial Laubier and Ramos, region 1974; Blake, 1996

longifurcatus Digitiform , 2/3 of 3 10-22 Short, cirriform in prebranchial region; long, finger- Lyrate chaetae; ratio: <3 Hartmann-Schröder, prostomium, with 4 joints pairs shaped in branchial region; short in postbranchial region 1965; Laubier and Ramos, 1974

miyakoensis Cirriform , half of 3 39-42 Short and conical in first 3 chaetigers, about 1/3 of Lyrate chaetae; ratio: Imajima, 1973

prostomium pairs branchia in branchial region; short in postbranchial region <1.7

nikebianchi Minute, cirriform, 1/6-1/ 10 3 39 -89 Short, increasing in length after chaetiger 3; gradually Strelzovia - type modified Langeneck et al., of prostomium getting longer in branchial region; long in postbranchial chaetae and lyrate 2017; Present study region chaetae; ratio: <2

turcicus sp. Digitiform, almost 1/2 of 3 19-22 Long and clavate Lyrate chaetae; ratio:> Present study

. prostomium 3.5

The species most morphologically similar to C. turcicus sp. nov. are C. brevicirratus , C. furcatus , C. longifurcatus and C. miyakoensis as all these species have lyrate chaeta on the notopodia with one branch being much longer than the other. However, these species differ from each other in terms of the following characters; 1) the shape and size of antenna (clavate and much shorter than half of the prostomium in C. brevicirratus and C. furcatus ; digitiform and nearly half of the prostomium length in C. turcicus sp. nov. and C. miyakoensis ; digitiform with 4 joints and longer than half of the prostomium length in C. longifurcatus ); 2) the number of branchiae (17–28 pairs in C. turcicus sp. nov; 29–33 pairs in C. furcatus ; 14–15 pairs in C. brevicirratus ; 10–22 pairs in C. longifurcatus ; and 39–42 pairs in C. miyakoensis ); 3) the ratio between long and short branches of the lyrate chaetae (less than 2 in C. brevicirratus , C. furcatus and C. miyakoensis ; greater than 2 but less than 3 in C. longifurcatus ; and always greater than 3 in C. turcicus sp. nov.).

The specimens previously identified as C. furcatus and C. lyriformis from the Mediterranean Sea ( Laubier, 1965; Laubier and Ramos, 1974; Katzmann and Laubier, 1975; Çinar et al. 2014) might belong to C. turcicus sp. nov. The shape of lyrate chaeta of the specimens that were identified as C. cf. lyriformis by Laubier (1965) and as C. furcatus by Katzmann and Laubier (1975) is closely similar to that of C. turcicus sp. nov. In addition, the shape and length of the antenna of the Katzmann and Laubier’s specimens are identical to those of C. turcicus sp. nov.

Habitat. This species was found in maerl bed and soft substrata between 0 to 500 m depths.

Distribution. Western Mediterranean Sea, Sea of Marmara, Aegean Sea and Levantine Sea.

Etymology. This species name refers to type locality, Turkey.

Figures

FIGURE 5. Cirrophorus turcicus sp. nov. A, anterior end, dorsal view, holotype (ESFM-POL / 2013 - 1039); B, anterior end, lateral view, paratype (ESFM-POL / 2013 - 568); C, anterior end, ventral view, holotype (ESFM-POL / 2013 - 1039). Scale bar: A = 200 µm, B = 125 µm, C = 78 µm.

FIGURE 6. Cirrophorus turcicus sp. nov. A, right parapodium of chaetiger 10 with branchia, paratype (ESFM-POL / 2013 - 1039); B, lyrate chaetae, left parapodium of chaetiger 7, paratype (ESFM-POL / 2013 - 1058); C, left notopodium of chaetiger 29 (postbranchial region), paratype (ESFM-POL / 2013 - 1039); D, left notopodium of chaetiger 71 (posterior region), paratype (ESFM-POL / 2013 - 1039). Scale bar: A = 100 µm, B = 35 µm, C = 38 µm, D = 44 µm.

FIGURE 7. Cirrophorus turcicus sp. nov. A, anterior end, dorsal-lateral view, paratype (ESFM-POL / 2013 - 568); B, notopodial postchaetael lobe, left parapodium of chaetiger 7, paratype (ESFM-POL / 2013 - 1058); C, prostomium, dorsal view, holotype (ESFM-POL / 2013 - 1039); D, left notopodium of chaetiger 53 (posterior region), paratype (ESFM-POL / 2013 - 1039). Scale bar: A = 570 µm, B = 44 µm, C = 128 µm, D = 15 µm.