Phyllodoce Lamarck, 1818

Oliveira, Verônica Maria De, Magalhães, Wagner F. & Lana, Paulo Da Cunha, 2021, Ten new species of Phyllodoce Lamarck, 1818 (Phyllodocidae, Annelida) from Brazil, Zootaxa 4924 (1), pp. 1-61 : 5-9

Genus Phyllodoce Lamarck, 1818

Type species. Phyllodoce laminosa Lamarck, 1818 , by monotypy.

Phyllodoce Lamarck, 1818: 316–317 .

Lepadorhynchus Schmarda, 1861: 88 . Error for Lopadorrhynchus .

Phyllodoce Grube, 1878: 9 . Error for Phyllodoce .

Carobia (Paracarobia) Czerniavsky, 1882: 158 , in part.

Carobia (Protocacabia) Czerniavsky, 1882: 155 , in part.

Globidoce Bergstr ̂m, 1914: 87. Error for Sphaerodoce Bergstr ̂m, 1914.

? Prophyllodoce Hartman, 1966: 187 .

Zverlinum Averintsev, 1972: 106–107 .

Phyllodoce (Aponaitides) McCammon & Montagner, 1979: 363–364 .

Phyllouschakovius Blake, 1988: 254 .

Sphaerodoce Berstr ̂m, 1914: 154.

Diagnosis (Emended after Pleijel 1991, additions in italics): Prostomium with a pair of antennae and palps ( Fig. 2 ), nuchal papilla present, situated in posterior incision of prostomium ( Fig. 3A ). Eyes usually present ( Fig. 2 ). Large retractile nuchal organs. Proboscis divided into proximal and distal parts ( Fig. 3A ). Proximal part with rounded to conical papillae, either in rows or diffusely distributed. Distal part with six rows of tubercles or (rarely) with papillae. All anterior segments separate, first segments may be dorsally covered by posterior part of prostomium. Chaetae present from segment 2 to 4. Segmental bands of cilia present. Parapodia uni- or (rarely) biramous. Dorsal cirri symmetrical or asymmetrical, with varied shapes i.e. lanceolate ( Fig. 4A ), cordiform ( Fig. 4C ), rectangular ( Fig. 4D ), or rounded ( Fig. 4F ) with well-developed cirrophores ( Fig. 4B ) or without dorsal extensions. Dorsal cirri with a ciliated furrow on dorsal, posterior side. Prechaetal lobes bilobate, symmetrical, or asymmetrical. Postchaetal lobes usually rounded. Rostrum of chaetal shaft with a large number of teeth ( Fig. 5A ), proximally decreasing in size. Ventral cirri foliaceous, rounded ( Fig. 4A ), reniform, or lanceolate ( Fig. 4C ). Pygidial cirri pointed, cylindrical or slightly flattened ( Fig. 5 B–D); median pygidial papilla usually absent.

Remarks. The genus Phyllodoce is the most species-rich in Phyllodocidae with 209 described species, though only 109 are deemed valid ( Read & Fauchald 2019). Several species are known from incomplete specimens in which important characters have been insufficiently described and as such regarded as nomina dubia ( Pleijel 1991). The most recent diagnosis was provided by Pleijel (1991), who considered the median pygidial papilla absent, although it is present in Phyllodoce tamoya sp. nov. and Phyllodoce colorata sp. nov. herein described.

Figures

FIGURE 2. Terminology used for species description of Phyllodoce. Morphology of the prostomium. A, cordiform; B, oval with anterior inclination; C, triangular; D, cordiform with anterior protuberance. Scale bars: A–B, 0.5 mm; C–D, 1.0 mm.

FIGURE 3. Terminology used for species description of Phyllodoce. Dorsal view of proboscis: A, proboscis divided into two parts: 1, terminal ring; 2, distal part of proboscis; 3, proximal part of proboscis; 4, nuchal papilla. Formulae and morphology of the tentacular cirri. Cirri formula: (B) 1 + 2 + 1=First pair of dorsal tentacular cirrus; 2=Second pair of ventral and dorsal tentacular cirri; 1=Third pair of dorsal tentacular cirrus. Cirri morphology; B, cylindrical, anterior view; C, cylindrical ventral cirrus with lateral lamella; D, cylindrical ventral cirrus with inflated base. Abbreviations: Dc, dorsal tentacular cirrus; Vc, ventral tentacular cirrus. Scale bars: A, 0.5 mm; B, 0.8 mm; C–D, 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 4. Terminology used for species description of Phyllodoce. Morphology of parapodial cirri in anterior view: A, dorsal cirrus lanceolate; ventral cirrus rounded; B, dorsal cirrus lanceolate with tapered distal end; ventral cirrus elongated; C, dorsal cirrus cordiform; ventral cirrus lanceolate; D, dorsal cirrus quadrangular to rounded; ventral cirrus long and slender; E, dorsal cirrus cordiform; F, dorsal cirrus rounded, supracicular lobe digitiform. Abbreviations: Cir, cirrophore; deCir, dorsal extension of the cirrophore; Dc, dorsal cirrus; Lob, lobe, Vc, ventral cirrus. Scale Bars: A, 0.04 mm; B, 0.05 mm; C, 0.2 mm; D, 0.1 mm; E, 0.1 mm; F, 0.05 mm.

FIGURE 5. Terminology used for descriptions of chaetae and anal cirri of Phyllodoce. A, compound spinigerous chaeta; B, anal cirri cylindrical, with tapered distal rounded and scar pygidial cirri (black arrow); C, anal cirri cylindrical, with tapered distal ends; D, anal cirri cylindrical, with tapered distal end; pigidial papilla (black arrow). Scale bars: A, 0.01 mm; B, 0.15 mm; C, 0.25 mm; D, 0.04 mm.