Kingius Franz
publication ID |
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5371.1.1 |
publication LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:pub:D60B50D1-280B-4403-9E5B-25C0704A43A1 |
DOI |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10249319 |
persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3E380C57-FFE8-4A5E-27AC-B2FBFA43E07F |
treatment provided by |
Plazi (2023-11-16 18:51:11, last updated 2024-11-29 11:48:29) |
scientific name |
Kingius Franz |
status |
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Subgenus Kingius Franz View in CoL
Kingius Franz View in CoL in Newton & Franz (1998): 153. New name for Heterognathus King, 1864 View in CoL .
Heterognathus King, 1864: 96 View in CoL . Preoccupied, not Girard (1854) (Pisces); not Schmarda (1859) (Rotifera), not Rey (1888) ( Coleoptera : Histeridae View in CoL ). Type species: Heterognathus carinatus King, 1864 (des. Franz, 1975: 274). Synonymized with Cholerus by Csiki, 1919; as synonym of Scydmaenus View in CoL in Fauvel, 1885: 182, but as separate subgenus in Franz (1975).
Emended diagnosis of Kingius . Scydmaenus with the following features: (1) antennal club virtually dimerous ( Fig. 78 View FIGURES 78–79 ); (2) all flagellomeres symmetrical or nearly so ( Fig. 78 View FIGURES 78–79 ); (3) submentum without lateral lobes ( Fig. 77 View FIGURES 76–77 ); (4) pronotum with median longitudinal antebasal carina, lacking antebasal pits ( Fig. 76 View FIGURES 76–77 ); (5) basisternal region of prosternum distinctly longer than procoxal rests ( Fig. 77 View FIGURES 76–77 ); (6) elytra lacking basal foveae ( Fig. 76 View FIGURES 76–77 ); mesocoxae narrowly separated by carinate mesoventral process, posteriorly fused with subtrapezoidal anterior metaventral process ( Fig. 79 View FIGURES 78–79 ); (7) metanepisterna largely fused with metaventrite ( Fig. 79 View FIGURES 78–79 ); (8) metaventral intermetacoxal process short and broad, with concave posterior margin, about as wide as one metacoxa; (9) male protarsi slightly broadened and with tenent setae on ventral surface of tarsomeres 1–3; and (10) aedeagus lacking lateral subapical lobes, with minute dorsal setae in apical region.
Remarks. King (1864) described the genus Heterognathus and defined it primarily by the asymmetrical mandibles: the right one with a bifid preapical tooth, and the left one with two teeth. He also described the maxillary palpomere 4 as “ minuto globoso ” (although “subglobose” would better match the dome-shaped structure), and several other characters, all matching world species of what is now recognized as Scydmaenus . Franz (1975) designated Heterognathus carinatus as the type species for the King’s genus, and placed Heterognathus as a subgenus of Scydmaenus . Franz’s (1975) diagnosis of Heterognathus (later replaced by Kingius ) was based on the characters found in the type species. However, he lists in one paragraph features that demonstrate that Heterognathus is identical with Scydmaenus , and at the same time those that justify placing H. carinatus in a separate subgenus. It is impossible to extract subgeneric diagnostic characters from this description. However, such a diagnosis can be compiled from the characters used in the identification key for subgenera of Scydmaenus given in Franz (1975) on p. 273. The Franz’s diagnosis includes: (1) pronotum with median longitudinal antebasal carina; (2) antennae with antennomeres 6–8 transverse and 9 small, and with only dimerous clubs; and (3) metanepisterna demarcated from metaventrite by a sharply marked suture. In fact, the last character was incorrect, as in Scydmaenus carinatus the metanepisterna are largely fused with the metaventrite ( Fig. 79 View FIGURES 78–79 ), and a poorly visible suture delimiting these structures is developed only near anterior and posterior regions of the lateroventral metathorax. As a result, Kingius (= Heterognathus ) cannot be identified using the Franz’s key.
Composition, distribution and biology. Kingius includes only two endemic Australian species, S. carinatus (King) and S. formicarum Franz. Both have been collected with ants, but the ant species remains undetermined ( S. carinatus was found “in the nest of small black ants”, according to King (1864)).
Identification key to males and females of Scydmaenus (Kingius) View in CoL
1 Antennomere 10 distinctly transverse ( Fig. 78 View FIGURES 78–79 ); BL> 1.7 mm .......................... Scydmaenus carinatus (King) View in CoL
- Antennomere 10 as long as broad ( Fig. 90 View FIGURES 90–94 ); BL <1.5 mm ........................... Scydmaenus formicarum Franz View in CoL
Csiki, E. (1919) Pars 70: Scydmaenidae. In: Schenkling, S. & Junk, W. (Eds.), Coleopterorum Catalogus. Vol. 7. W. Junk, Ber- lin, pp. 1 - 106.
Fauvel, A. (1885) Rectifications au Catalogus Coleopterorum Europae et Caucasi. Cicindelidae. - Pythidae. Revue d'Entomologie, 4, 174 - 187.
Franz, H. (1975) Revision der Scydmaeniden von Australien, Neuseeland und den benachbarten Inseln. Denkschriften der Osterreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse, 118, 1 - 312. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 7091 - 5642 - 1
Girard, C. (1854) Abstract of a Report to Lieut. Jas. M. Gilliss, U. S. N., upon the Fishes collected during the U. S. N. Astronomi- cal Expedition to Chili. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 7, 197 - 199.
King, R. L. (1864) On the Scydmaenides of New South Wales. Transactions of the Entomological Society of New South Wales, 1, 91 - 99, pls. 6 - 7.
Newton, A. F. & Franz, H. (1998) World catalog of the genera of Scydmaenidae (Coleoptera). Koleopterologische Rundschau, 68, 137 - 165.
Rey, C. (1888) Remarques en passant. Tribu des Fracticornes ou histerides. L'Echange, Revue Linneenne, 4, 4.
Schmarda, L. K. (1859) Neue Turbellarien, Rotatorien und Anneliden beobachtet und gesammelt auf einer Reise um die Erde 1853 bis 1857. Erste Halfte. Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, XVIII + 66 pp., 15 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 85313
FIGURES 78–79. Scydmaenus (Kingius) carinatus (King), male. Distal region of right antenna in dorsal view (78); pterothorax and abdomen in ventral view (79). Abbreviations: aest3, metanepisternum; amvp, anterior metaventral process; a3‒11, anten- nomeres 3‒11; msvp, mesoventral process; mtvp, metaventral process; pcr, procoxal rest; pyg, pygidium; sIII‒sVIII, sternite III‒VIII.
FIGURES 76–77. Scydmaenus (Kingius) carinatus (King), male. Head, pronotum and elytral base in dorsal view (76); head and prothorax in ventral view (77). Abbreviations: bst, basistipes; bstr, basisternal region of prosternum; gen, gena; gp, gular plate; hr, hypomeral ridge; hyr, hypostomal ridge; lp, labial palp; md, mandible; mlc, median longitudinal carina; mn, mentum; mst, mediostipes; mxp, maxillary palp; occ, occipital constriction; plb, prelabium; pmc, posterior marginal carina; ppf, palpifer; ptp, posterior tentorial pit; smn, submentum.
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Kingdom |
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Order |
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Family |
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SubFamily |
Scydmaeninae |
Genus |
Kingius Franz
Jałoszyński, Paweł 2023 |
Kingius
Newton, A. F. & Franz, H. 1998: 153 |
Heterognathus
Franz, H. 1975: 274 |
Fauvel, A. 1885: 182 |
King, R. L. 1864: 96 |