Salcedia africana (Britton, 1947)

Balkenohl, Michael, 2020, A genus in disguise. Revision of the genus Salcedia Fairmaire, 1899 with descriptions of nine new species (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Scaritinae, Salcediini), ZooKeys 901, pp. 1-81 : 1

publication ID	https://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.901.39432
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:843F6065-D00E-48E6-9A26-9CEB044BF102
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3DA2BF1D-5255-51E9-8E77-ADE2617A7375
treatment provided by	ZooKeys by Pensoft
scientific name	Salcedia africana (Britton, 1947)
status

Treatment

Salcedia africana (Britton, 1947) View in CoL Figs 13 View Figures 8–13 , 31 View Figures 26–35 , 47 View Figures 44–51 , 57 View Figures 52–57 , 72 View Figures 68–76 , 84 View Figure 84

Zelma africana Britton, 1947: 126.

Salcedia africana (Britton, 1947): Reichardt 1975: 103; Dostal 1993: 121; Lorenz 2005: 155.

Type material.

Holotype: ♀, with labels and data: white, printed, with red line "N.Rhodesia: N’Changa. C.T.Macnamara. B.M.1931-179." / white, handwritten "HOLOTYPE. Zelma Africana Britton" / white, circle, black printed, with red circle “Type” (BMNH).

Remark.

In the holotype, the following parts are missing: Mentum and half of the mouthparts including glossa, ligula and mentum, right antennae from joint eight onwards, parts of left front tibia and all left front tarsomeres, right meso tarsomeres. Head, pronotum and hind body were glued.

Additional material.

1 ♀, ZAMBIA LUSAKA PROVINCE 30 km S LUSAKA 16.-17.12.2002 A. KUDRNA JR. LGT. (CBB); 1 ♀, ZAMBIA CENTRAL PROVINCE 15 km S KAPIRI MPOSHI 30.11.2002 A. KUDRNA JR. LGT. (CBB); 1 ♀, Zambia, Copperbelt Prov. 60 km SE of Kitwe, 13.7.2002 F. & L. Kantner lgt. (SMNS); 1 ♂, 2 ♀, 1 spec., ZAMBIA COPPERBELT 50 km W CHINGOLA 31.12.02-2.1.03 A. KUDRNA JR. LGT. (CBB); 2 specs., ZAMBIA COPPERBELT 45 km SE KITWE 12.-15.01.2003 A. KUDRNA JR. LGT. (CBB); 1 ♂, 1 spec., ZAMBIA: CENTRAL PR. 6.5 km N Chunga, 1100 m, 14°59'40"S, 26°01'11"E 4.XII.2010, open central Zambezian & Miombo woodland light trap, F. Génier, 2010-43 (CBP); 1 spec., ZAMBIA 30.xi.2002 KAPIRI MPOSHI env. Central prov. F. & L. Kantner leg. (CBP); 2 ♂, ZAMBIA 19./30.XI.14NW Province Chimfunsi Wildlifereserve 12°21.762'S, 27°30.911'E P. Schüle leg. (CBP); 2 ♂, ZAMBIA C. 40 km N Kabwe Sungala school env. 22.11.2004 Snižek, Tichý lgt. / Coll. A. DOSTAL (CDW); 1 ♂, 2 ♀, 12 specs., N.RHODESIA: Mwinilunga District, Ikelenge, nr. Kalene Zambetsi Rapids. / E.Pinhey. 3.v.1963. M.V. Light trap. B.M.1963-742.; 1 spec. with add. label " Salcedia africana (Britt.) J. Balfour-Brown det. 1963" (BMNH, CBB); 2 ♂, ZAMBIA 1346 m Kambishi School 11°45'42"S, 25°28'50"E 10-13.xi2017. Actinic Light Trap. / Carter,M., Lloyd,A., Miles,W., Oram,D., Smith,R. leg. ANHRT: 2017:27, ZM-011 BMNH(E) 2017-194 / label with barcode and NHMUK013685510 (BMNH); 1 spec., MUSEUM PARIS ZAMBÈZE NOVA CHOUPANGA PRÈS CHEMBA P. LESNE 1929 (MNHN).

Diagnosis.

A large species, with oblong-elongate nearly parallel outline of the elytra with maximum width at middle and the pronotum with three complete additional carinae. The pseudohumerus is slightly obtuse angular and distinctly dentate. The antennomeres are super-moniliform. Distinguished most clearly from the similar species S. elongata by the pronotum with convex lateral margin and angles not projecting anteriorly, and with complete inner and outer lateral carinae. Moreover, in S. elongata the antennomeres are moniliform, interneur four of the elytron is somewhat shortened at base, and the front tibia shows four lateral teeth. The second similar species, S. procera sp. nov. is much smaller, its antennomeres are sub-moniliform, and the elytra are super-elongate with the lateral outline slightly concave.

Redescription.

Measurements in Table 1 View Table 1 .

Colour and surface: Piceous, areas between carinae and pits shiny; lateral fifth of pronotum fuscous; mandibles and legs piceous, antennae hinnuleous, palpi leoninous.

Head: Three-quarters of pronotum width. Outline shaped like a frustum of a pyramid. Clypeus wide, straight anteriorly, fused with clypeal wings, separated from supra-antennal plates by distinct notches, with transverse elevated field at middle, separated from frons by deep transverse furrow. Frons with two raised paramedian carinae, joining anteriorly, prolonged anteriorly into a central small but distinctly erected tubercle, with two small rectangular glossy teeth bilaterally anterior to central tubercle, with two parallel carinae paralaterally near base; frons and clypeus separated from supra-antennal and supraorbital plates by deep broad furrows, each furrow with deep longitudinal pit between supra-antennal plate and clypeus; supra-antennal and supraorbital plates distinctly margined, margin raised, carina-like, at supraorbital plates indistinctly crenulated, supra-antennal plates slightly vaulted, surface of supraorbital and supra-antennal plates with numerous small flat irregular impressions. Basal border emarginated at middle, distinctly and obtuse angled laterally (angle 118-119°). Eyes convex, with transverse-rectangular shape in lateral view, with small part clearly visible in dorsal view; genae slightly convex, with small indistinct notch anterior angle. Antenna with segments five to ten super-moniliform (L/W 1.1), densely pubescent, segments two to four scarcely pubescent, scapus, and pedicellus with longitudinal reticulation. Labrum clearly visible from above, convex anteriorly. Mandible moderately short, wide, slightly arcuate at apex. Epilobe of mentum wide, projecting and distinctly angled anteriorly, completely margined, surface covered with pits.

Pronotum (Fig. 31 View Figures 26–35 ): Outline rectangular, transverse, one third wider than long. Lateral margin almost straight, slightly converging at anterior angles, maximum width at middle. Lateral margin distinctly crenulated, with twelve tubercles, with moderate emargination at posterior angles. Base straight laterally, with broad flat keel at middle. Disc, with two raised paramedian carinae parallel to median line, sinuate and diverging posteriorly, interrupted by notches, with median line small but longer and ending in pits anteriorly and posteriorly, with four additional shorter carinae bilaterally, the paralateral one joining with the paramedian carinae at base and forming tooth-like tubercle pointing posteriorly, extended anteriorly as distinctly raised paralateral carina. With shorter inner lateral carina and quite long outer lateral carina. Carinae nearly smooth on top. Lateral margin and space between lateral margin and paralateral carina wing-like bent up, with six large transverse pits.

Elytron (Fig. 47 View Figures 44–51 ): Indistinctly depressed in anterior half (lateral view), regularly convex in frontal view. Oblong-elongate, margin straight, parallel in anterior two thirds, maximum width at middle. Pseudohumerus slightly obtuse angular, distinctly dentate. Apex long-oval, edenticulate. Disc with interneur six indistinctly crenulated, interneur two running up to apical margin as parallel line, conspicuously raised; interneur four running in parallel at middle, slightly convex towards apex, not reaching apex, nearly reaching base.

Hind wings: Fully developed.

Lower surface: Antennal channel of pronotum with isodiametric reticulation. Pseudoepipleura with rows of indistinct flat hardly recognisable pits, lateral margin of elytron smooth. Metepisternum distinctly elongated, with broad longitudinal groove. Last visible sternum with acute longitudinal carina at middle, hollowed out laterally.

Legs: Profemora with dorsal surface indistinctly irregularly reticulated. Protibia longer, with terminal spine curved at apex, laterally with five teeth of decreasing size, dorsally and ventrally with two carinae. Movable spur short, length a third of first tarsomere, curved ventrally. Meso- and metafemora of moderate length, slender. First tarsomeres distinctly elongated, almost as long as tarsomeres two to five together.

External sexual dimorphism: Not observed.

Male genitalia (Fig. 57 View Figures 52–57 ): Median lobe elongated, slender, in dorsal view regularly arcuate from base nearly up to apex, in lateral view straight at middle, sinuate at base and apex, with fine scattered pili in middle, apex spatulate, in cross section convex at apex, convexity directed ventrally. Oroficium of moderate size. Endophallus with two shorter groups of microtrichia, the broader one with more robust trichia, a second shorter group at the opposite side. Dorsal paramere long, slender, bisinuate, slightly distorted, with apophyses narrow; ventral one small, stub-like.

Female genitalia (Fig. 72 View Figures 68–76 ): Coxostylus robust, distinctly curved, with distinct carina dorsally in apical third, with obtuse hook-like apex somewhat rounded, at end of basal third with one large nematiform seta and six slender nematiform setae laterally, SSO with two microtrichia.

Variation: In a few specimens from Zambia, the outlines of the elytra are not exactly straight but show an indistinct convexity.

Distribution

(Fig. 84 View Figure 84 ). The holotype was found in the N’Changa district in northern Zimbabwe, formerly Rhodesia. In addition, the species is known from localities in Zambia (Central Province up to Lusaka) at the upper and lower course of the Zambezi River.