Spilopteron luteum ( Uchida, 1930 )

Ito, Masato & Maeto, Kaoru, 2017, Revision of the genus Spilopteron Townes, 1965 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Acaenitinae) from Japan, European Journal of Taxonomy 356, pp. 1-33 : 12-15

Spilopteron luteum ( Uchida, 1930)

Figs 2d , 3d , 4d , 5d , 6d , 7 g–h, 8d

Acoenitus luteus Uchida, 1930: 126 . Type locality: Taiwan, Urai.

Arotes luteus – Uchida 1932: 141.

Siphimedia lutea – Cushman 1933: 12. — Uchida 1934: 52. — Sonan 1936: 249.

Spilopteron luteum – Townes et al. 1961: 325. — Chiu 1971: 22.— Yu et al. 2005, 2012. — Ito et al. 2012: 443.

Material examined

TAIWAN: 1 ♀ (type of Acoenitus luteus ), Urai, 20. Jul. 1929, C. Watanabe ( SEHU). JAPAN: Amami-oshima Is., Kagoshima Pref., 1 ♀, Kamiya, 1. Aug. 1992, R. Noda ( NIAES); 9 ♀♀, Mt Yui-dake, 2 Jul. 2004; 2 ♀♀, same locality, 15 Jul. 2004, 1 ♀, same locality, Malaise trap, 10 Aug. 2004, H. Makihara ( NIAES); 1 ♂, same locality, 6 Jul. 2013, M. Ito ( KPMNH); 1 ♂, Wase-toge, 25 Jun. 2010; 9 ♂♂ Mt Yuwan-dake, 26–27 Jun. 2010; 1 ♂, same locality, 26–28 Jun. 2010, A. Shimizu ( TMU); 1 ♂, Mt Akatsuchi-yama, 27 Jun. 2011, H. Sawada ( LC041303 OMNH); 1 ♀, same locality, 28 Jun. 2011, K. Watanabe ( LC041304 OMNH); 2 ♀♀, same locality, Malaise trap, 28 Jun.–4 Jul. 2011, K. Kikuchi, T. Yoshida, K. Watanabe and S. Fujie ( KPMNH); 1 ♂, Oodana, Yamato-son, 3 Jul. 2011, H. Sawada ( TUA); 1 ♂, same locality, 4 Jul. 2011, K. Watanabe ( NSMT); 1 ♀, same locality, 4 Jul. 2011, S. Fujie ( NSMT).

Differential diagnosis

This species can easily be distinguished from other Japanese species of Spilopteron by the entirely yellowish brown body (largely black or at least with black areas in other Japanese species) ( Ito et al. 2012). ML analysis indicates that this species is most closely related to S. tosaense ( Fig. 9 ), and this is also supported by the morphological similarity (except for the body coloration).

Description

Female (n = 18)

BODY LENGTH. 10.5–14.0 mm.

HEAD. Vertex 0.5–0.6 times as long as maximum length of eye in dorsal view. Frons without a depression between eye and antennal socket in frontal view ( Fig. 2d ). Clypeus 0.6 times as long as wide, with two strong lateral projections and a weak median projection ( Figs 2d , 3d ). Face 0.7 times as long as wide. Length of malar space 0.8–1.0 times as long as basal mandibular width. Ocello-ocular line/lateral ocellar diameter = 2.0–2.1. Postocellar line/lateral ocellar diameter = 1.0–1.1. Antenna with 33–38 flagellomeres; first flagellomere 1.2–1.3 times as long as second flagellomere.

MESOSOMA. Propleuron densely punctate ( Fig. 5d ). Lateral area of pronotum densely punctate and transversely striate medially ( Fig. 5d ). Collar weakly punctate. Mesoscutum densely punctate. Subalar prominence extensively punctate ( Fig. 5d ). Scutellum weakly punctate in dorsal view. Postscutellum roundly convex in lateral view ( Fig. 5d ). Metapleuron densely punctate ( Fig. 5d ). Propodeum strongly carinate ( Fig. 6d ). Area externa weakly punctate ( Fig. 6d ). Area basalis polished ( Fig. 6d ). Area dentipara, area posteroexterna and area petiolaris confluent with area superomedia ( Fig. 6d ). Fore wing length 10.5–14.0 mm. Vein cu-a basad of vein Rs&M ( Fig. 4d ). Vein rs-m opposite or distad of vein 2m-cu ( Fig. 4d ). Hind femur 3.4–3.6 times as long as maximum depth in lateral view, without distinct convexity ventrally. Hind tibia 10.4–12.6 times as long as maximum depth in lateral view. First hind tarsomere 2.3–2.8 times as long as second and 2.4–2.8 times as long as longer hind tibial spur.

METASOMA. T1 2.5–2.9 times as long as maximum width, 2.4–2.6 times as long as T2. T2 0.6–0.8 times as long as maximum width. T1 weakly and sparsely punctate. T2–T8 weakly and densely punctate. S1 without distinct sharp projection basally. Ovipositor sheath 1.7–1.8 times as long as hind tibia.

COLOR. Body reddish yellow ( Fig. 5d ). Antennal flagellum brown, usually with a distinct white band, but sometimes band not clear. Apex of mandible black ( Fig. 3d ). Apical area of hind trochantellus and basal area of hind femur brown. Fore wing with an apical dark mark extending downwards ( Fig. 4d ).

Male (n = 15; genitalia, n = 2)

Similar to female. Clypeus 0.6–0.7 times as long as wide. Antenna with 39–42 flagellomeres; first flagellomere 1.1–1.2 times as long as second flagellomere. Hind femur 4.4 times as long as maximum depth in lateral view. Hind tibia 13.4–14.2 times as long as maximum depth in lateral view. First hind tarsomere 2.1 times as long as second and 2.9–3.1 times as long as longer hind tibial spur. T1 3.1–3.2 times as long as maximum width, 2.3–2.4 times as long as T2. T2 0.9 times as long as maximum width. Antennal flagellum black, without a white band.

Subgenital plate hexagonal with basal angle obtuse ( Fig. 8d ). Paramere short, basal part strongly projecting towards base of subgenital plate ( Fig. 7g ). Aedeagus gently curved, its penis valve ca 1.6 times as long as basal apodeme ( Fig. 7h ).

Distribution

Japan (Amami-oshima Is.), and Taiwan.

Bionomics

Host unknown. Adults mainly fly in June and July.

Figures

Fig. 2. Head of females in frontal view. a. Spilopteron albiventre sp. nov., paratype, Ehime Pref. b. Spilopteron apicale (Matsumura, 1912), Nagano Pref. c. Spilopteron brachyurum sp. nov., paratype, Hokkaido. d. Spilopteron luteum (Uchida, 1930), Amami-oshima Is. e. Spilopteron mucronatus Lee, 2008, Fukuoka Pref. f. Spilopteron nigrum sp. nov., paratype, Hyogo Pref. g. Spilopteron oblongulum sp. nov., paratype, Kanagawa Pref. h. Spilopteron pseudonigrum sp. nov., paratype, Hyogo Pref. i. Spilopteron pyrrhonae Kusigemati, 1981, Kanagawa Pref. j. Spilopteron tosaense (Uchida, 1934), Hokkaido. k. Spilopteron tosaense (Uchida, 1934), Yakushima Is.

Fig. 3. Clypeus of female in frontal view. a. Spilopteron albiventre sp. nov., paratype, Ehime Pref. b. Spilopteron apicale (Matsumura, 1912), Nagano Pref. c. Spilopteron brachyurum sp. nov., paratype, Hokkaido. d. Spilopteron luteum (Uchida, 1930), Amami-oshima Is. e. Spilopteron mucronatus Lee, 2008, Fukuoka Pref. f. Spilopteron nigrum sp. nov., paratype, Hyogo Pref. g. Spilopteron oblongulum sp. nov., paratype, Kanagawa Pref. h. Spilopteron pseudonigrum sp. nov., paratype, Hyogo Pref. i. Spilopteron pyrrhonae Kusigemati, 1981, Kanagawa Pref. j. Spilopteron tosaense (Uchida, 1934), Hokkaido.

Fig. 4. Wings of females. a. Spilopteron albiventre sp. nov., paratype, Ehime Pref. b. Spilopteron apicale (Matsumura, 1912), Nagano Pref. c. Spilopteron brachyurum sp. nov., paratype, Hokkaido. d. Spilopteron luteum (Uchida, 1930), Amami-oshima Is. e. Spilopteron mucronatus Lee, 2008, Fukuoka Pref. f. Spilopteron nigrum sp. nov., paratype, Hyogo Pref. g. Spilopteron oblongulum sp. nov., paratype, Kanagawa Pref. h. Spilopteron pseudonigrum sp. nov., paratype, Hyogo Pref. i. Spilopteron pyrrhonae Kusigemati, 1981, Kanagawa Pref. j. Spilopteron tosaense (Uchida, 1934), Hokkaido. k. Spilopteron tosaense (Uchida, 1934), Yakushima Is.

Fig. 5. Mesosoma of females, lateral view. a. Spilopteron albiventre sp. nov., paratype, Ehime Pref. b. Spilopteron apicale (Matsumura, 1912), Nagano Pref. c. Spilopteron brachyurum sp. nov., paratype, Hokkaido. d. Spilopteron luteum (Uchida, 1930), Amami-oshima Is. e. Spilopteron mucronatus Lee, 2008, Fukuoka Pref. f. Spilopteron nigrum sp. nov., paratype, Hyogo Pref. g. Spilopteron oblongulum sp. nov., Kanagawa Pref. h. Spilopteron pseudonigrum sp. nov., paratype, Hyogo Pref. i. Spilopteron pyrrhonae Kusigemati, 1981, Kanagawa Pref. j. Spilopteron tosaense (Uchida, 1934), Hokkaido. k. Spilopteron tosaense (Uchida, 1934), Yakushima Is.

Fig. 6. Propodeum of females, dorsal view. a. Spilopteron albiventre sp. nov., paratype, Ehime Pref. b. Spilopteron apicale (Matsumura, 1912), Nagano Pref. c. Spilopteron brachyurum sp. nov., paratype, Hokkaido. d. Spilopteron luteum (Uchida, 1930), Amami-oshima Is. e. Spilopteron mucronatus Lee, 2008, Fukuoka Pref. f. Spilopteron nigrum sp. nov., paratype, Hyogo Pref. g. Spilopteron oblongulum sp. nov., paratype, Kanagawa Pref. h. Spilopteron pseudonigrum sp. nov., paratype, Hyogo Pref. i. Spilopteron pyrrhonae Kusigemati, 1981, Kanagawa Pref. j. Spilopteron tosaense (Uchida, 1934), Hokkaido.

Fig. 7. Male genitalia. a–b. Spilopteron albiventre sp. nov., paratype, Ehime Pref. c–d. Spilopteron apicale (Matsumura, 1912), Nagano Pref.e–f. Spilopteron brachyurum sp. nov., paratype, Hokkaido.g–h. Spilopteron luteum (Uchida, 1930),Amami-oshima Is. i–j. Spilopteron mucronatus Lee, 2008, Hokkaido. k–l. Spilopteron oblongulum sp. nov., paratype, Gunma Pref. m–n. Spilopteron pseudonigrum sp. nov., paratype, Hyogo Pref. o–p. Spilopteron pyrrhonae Kusigemati, 1981, Shizuoka Pref. q–r. Spilopteron tosaense (Uchida, 1934), Hyogo Pref. a, c, e, g, i, k, m, o, q = genital capsule, ventral view; b, d, f, h, j, l, n, p, r = aedeagus, lateral view.

Fig. 9. Maximum-likelihood tree based on mtCOI sequences of Japanese species of Spilopteron and Yamatarotes chishimensis (Uchida, 1929) (OGYc) as an out-group. Bootstrap values (>50%) are indicated at the nodes.

Fig. 8. Male subgenital plate, ventral view. a. Spilopteron albiventre sp. nov., paratype, Ehime Pref. b. Spilopteron apicale (Matsumura, 1912), Yamanashi Pref. c. Spilopteron brachyurum sp. nov., paratype, Hokkaido. d. Spilopteron luteum (Uchida, 1930),Amami-oshima Is. e. Spilopteron mucronatus Lee, 2008, Hokkaido. f. Spilopteron oblongulum sp. nov., paratype, Gunma Pref. g. Spilopteron pseudonigrum sp. nov., paratype, Hyogo Pref. h. Spilopteron pyrrhonae Kusigemati, 1981, Shizuoka Pref. i. Spilopteron tosaense (Uchida, 1934), Hyogo Pref.