Rhaphaulus Pfeiffer, 1856

Jirapatrasilp, Parin, Sutcharit, Chirasak & Panha, Somsak, 2022, Annotated checklist of the operculated land snails from Thailand (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Caenogastropoda): the family Pupinidae, with descriptions of several new species and subspecies, and notes on classification of Pupina Vignard, 1829 and Pupinella Gray, 1850 from mainland Southeast Asia, ZooKeys 1119, pp. 1-115 : 1

5. Genus Rhaphaulus Pfeiffer, 1856

Rhaphaulus Pfeiffer, 1856b: 75. Kobelt 1902: 274, 275. Egorov 2013: 12.

Type species.

Anaulus bombycinus Pfeiffer, 1855, by monotypy.

Diagnosis.

Shell pupoid, with large penultimate whorl dominating the shell, being almost as wide as upper whorls combined when observed from apertural view. Peristome continuous, with parietal callus well-developed. Aperture shifting to the right side of the shell. Inner tube or breathing device short (of c. 0.25 whorl). Outer tube not perforated and varies in direction, never running strictly along the suture.

Differential diagnosis.

Rhaphaulus is most similar to Streptaulus Benson, 1857 and Barnaia Thach, 2017 in shell shape and size (8-19 mm) and a thin operculum. Both Rhaphaulus and Streptaulus have two portions of a breathing tube: an inner portion starting from the peristome and running internally and posteriorly under the suture to its inner opening within the body whorl, and an outer portion extending from the parieto-palatal junction of the peristome to the outer opening, whereas Barnaia lacks this outer portion. However, Rhaphaulus differs from Streptaulus in having a continuous peristome with well-developed parietal callus, and an outer tube without holes on side wall, whereas Streptaulus has an interrupted peristome with weak parietal callus, as well as several circular holes along the tube’s wall when the outer tube is present ( Páll-Gergely et al. 2014, 2017).

Remarks.

Pfeiffer (1855) proposed a monotypic genus Anaulus with ' A. bombycinus ' as the type species. However, this generic name was occupied by Anaulus Ehrenberg, 1844 (a diatom genus in the phylum Ochrophyta), hence Anaulus Pfeiffer, 1855 became a junior homonym. Later, Pfeiffer (1856b), under the remark of ' Rhaphaulus lorraini Pfr.', stated that the generic name Rhaphaulus was to replace the junior homonym Anaulus Pfeiffer, 1855. The distribution of Rhaphaulus species in Thailand is provided in Figs 4 , 7 .

Figures

Figure 4. Map of southern Thailand showing the distribution of Coptocheilus sectilabris (filled square), Coptocheilus sumatranus (open square), Rhaphaulus lorraini (filled star), Rhaphaulus ascendens (open star), Rhaphaulus perakensis (asterisk), and Tortulosa tortuosa (circle). Each red symbol indicates the type locality of its respective taxon. Red circles indicate the type localities of Tortulosa huberi (1) and Tortulosa schileykoi (2).

Figure 7. Map of northern Thailand showing the distribution of Pollicaria mouhoti mouhoti (filled circle), Pollicaria mouhoti monochroma (open circle), Pseudopomatias caligosus (square), Pseudopomatias doiangkhangensis sp. nov. (hexagon), Pseudopomatias pallgergelyi sp. nov. (triangle), Pupinella mansuyi (cross), and Rhaphaulus tonkinensis (star). Each red symbol indicates the type locality of its respective taxon. The red filled circle denotes the type locality of Pollicaria nicoarlingi.