Pulmosphaeria Joanne E. Taylor, K.D. Hyde & E.B.G. Jones, Sydowia, 1996

Daranagama, Dinushani A., Liu, Xingzhong, Chamyuang, Sunita, Stadler, Marc, Bahkali, Ali. H. & Hyde, Kevin D., 2016, Towards a natural classification of Sordariomycetes: The genera Frondisphaeria, Immersisphaeria, Lasiobertia, Pulmosphaeria and Yuea (Sordariomycetes incertae sedis), Phytotaxa 258 (2), pp. 153-163 : 159

Pulmosphaeria Joanne E. Taylor, K.D. Hyde & E.B.G. Jones, Sydowia 48(2): 256 (1996)

facesoffunginumber: FoF01353

Notes:— This monotypic genus was introduced by Taylor et al. (1996) to accommodate fungi with immersed ascomata,

which occur in adjacent pairs with a central common ostiole. This species resembles Palmicola archontophoenicis

K.D. Hyde, and both these fungi had been isolated from the same host from Australia ( Taylor et al. 1996). Palmicola archontophoenicis and Pulmosphaeria archontophoenicis have similar ascal and ascospores morphologies, except that ascospores in Palmicola archontophoenicis are multi-septate ( Hyde 1993). Due to these similarities with Palmicola ,

Taylor et al. (1996) suggested Pulmosphaeria to be placed in Lasiosphaeriaceae . However they also noticed that, these two genera are also different from each other because in Pulmosphaeria stroma is absent or poorly developed, ascomata are nearly all in pairs, paraphyses deliquescent and ascospores are filiform with an obtuse apex and an acute base and an eccentrically placed basal septum. Taylor et al. (1996) also considered the possibility of including Pulmosphaeria within Hyponectriaceae , which also possess reduced stromatic tissues, cylindrical asci with a J+ or J- apical ring and variously shaped ascospores ( Taylor et al. 1996). However this family Hyponectriaceae is in need of morphological and molecular phylogenetic revision. Huhndorf et al. (2004a) and Kirk et al. (2001) placed Pulmosphaeria in Xylariales genera incertae sedis. Therefore we retain Pulmosphaeria in Xylariales genera incertae sedis until the true affinities are established based on molecular analysis.

Type species:— Pulmosphaeria archontophoenicis Joanne E. Taylor, K.D. Hyde & E.B.G. Jones, Sydowia 48(2):

256 (1996).

Facesoffunginumber: FoF01354.

Saprobic on dead petioles of Archontophoenix alexandrae (F. Muell.) H. Wendl. & Drude. Sexual morph: Ascomata 570–740 × 110–200 μm (x = 678 × 185 μm, n = 10), immersed in a poorly developed stroma, developing beneath the slightly raised areas comprising host cuticle and epidermal cell layers, occurring in pairs, with a central ostiole, cylindrical, with their long axis horizontal to the host surface, in cross section 310–425 × 110–200 μm (x =

376 × 187 μm, n = 10). Peridium composed of several cell layers, outwardly comprising light brown, angular cells,

inwardly comprising hyaline, angular cells. Hamathecium comprising few, deliquescent paraphyses, less than 5 μm wide. Asci 210–330 × 23–36 μm (x = 289 × 28 μm, n = 20), 8-spored, unitunicate, cylindrical, short pedicellate, apical apparatus not bluing in Melzer’s reagent, J-, indistinct, 5–9 × 5–6 μm (x = 7.4 × 5.6 μm, n = 20). Ascospores 152–200 × 7.5–11 μm (x = 187 × 9 μm, n = 20), crowded, unicellular, hyaline, filiform, apex obtuse, tapering to base, 1-septate, septum 45–62.5 μm (x = 57 μm, n = 20) from the base, smooth-walled. Asexual morph: Undetermined.