Lycophidion Fitzinger, 1843

Marques, Mariana P., Ceríaco, Luis M. P., Blackburn, David C. & Bauer, Aaron M., 2018, Diversity and Distribution of the Amphibians and Terrestrial Reptiles of Angola Atlas of Historical and Bibliographic Records (1840 - 2017), Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 65, pp. 1-501 : 336-340

Genus Lycophidion Fitzinger, 1843

Lycophidion hellmichi Laurent, 1964 HELLMICH’S WOLF SNAKE

Lycophidion hellmichi Laurent 1964a:95 , fig. 29.

Holotype: MD 3824 (collector H. Baumann).

Type locality: “Kapolopopo, désert de

Moçâmedes … + 15.55 S 12.42 E, + 450 m ”

(coordinates provided by Laurent 1964a:19) [=

Capolopopo, Namib Desert], Namibe Province,

Angola.

Lycophidion hellmichi : Haacke (1970:281), Laurent

(1968:479), Broadley (1990:95, 1991b:212,

1992b:35, 1996b:17), Branch (1998:77), Bauer et al. (2001:78), Wallach et al. (2014:401).

Lycophidion capense capense : Hellmich (1957a:71).

Global conservation status (IUCN):

Data Deficient.

Global distribution: The species is known from western Angola and northern

Namibia.

Ocurrences in Angola (Map 296): The

MAP 396. Distribution of Lycophidion hellmichi in species occurs in southwestern Angola. Angola.

Benguela: “Entre-Rios” [-13.01667, 14.63333] ( Hellmich 1957a:71; Laurent 1964a:95; Broadley 1996b:18); “Quissange” [-12.43333, 14.05000] ( Broadley 1996b:18). Namibe: “Kapolopopo désert de Moçâmedes (Kapolopopo)” [-15.91667, 12.70000] ( Laurent 1964a:95; Broadley 1990:95, 1991b:212, 1996b:18).

Taxonomic and distributional notes: This species was described by Laurent (1964a) based on the holotype from “Kapolopopo” and a ZSM paratype from Entre Rios. The northern distributional limits for this species remain unknown due to limited collectiong in Angola ( Bauer et al. 2001).

Lycophidion laterale Hallowell, 1857 FLAT WOLF SNAKE

Lycophidion laterale Hallowell 1857:58 . Holotype: ANSP 10268 (collector H.A. Ford). Type locality: “Gaboon country” ( Hallowell 1857:59), Gabon.

Lycophidion laterale : Bocage (1866a:49, 1895a:82), Boulenger (1896:616), Ferreira (1903:10), Monard (1937b:111), Broadley (1992b:35, 1996b:11), Chippaux (2006:77), Wallach et al. (2014:401).

Global conservation status (IUCN): Not

Evaluated.

Global distribution: The species is known from central-west Africa, from Côte d’Ivoire and possibly Senegal to western Uganda and south to the Democratic Republic of

Congo and northern Angola.

Ocurrences in Angola (Map 297): The species is known only from two records in northwestern Angola , including the Cabinda enclave . Cabinda: “Molembo” [-5.33333,

12.20000] ( Bocage 1866a:49, 1895a:82; Broadley 1996b:11). Kwanza Norte: “N’dalla

Tando” [-9.30000, 14.91667] ( Ferreira

1903:10; Monard 1937b:113; Broadley

1996b:11).

Taxonomic and distributional notes: MAP 397. Distribution of Lycophidion laterale in None. Angola.

Lycophidion meleagre Boulenger, 1893 SPECKELED WOLF SNAKE

L ycophidium meleagris Boulenger 1893:337 , pl. 21, figs. 2, 2a–2b. Lecototype: BMNH 1946.1.14.40 (formerly BMNH 43.14.8.? fide BMNH register) (collector unknown) designated by Broadley (1996b:9). Type locality: “Ambrizette” and “Ambriz” [= N’Zeto and Ambriz], northwestern Angola, restricted by neotype designation to “Ambrizette” [= N’Zeto], Zaire Province, Angola.

Lycophidium meleagris : Bocage (1895a:82), Ferreira (1904:115), Boulenger (1915:202), Monard (1937b:111), Hellmich (1957b:62), Loveridge (1957:252), Frade (1963:252).

Lycophidion meleagre : Broadley (1992b:33, 1996b:11), Broadley (1996b:11), Spawls et al. (2004:325), Wallach et al. (2014:402).

Global conservation status (IUCN): Not Evaluated. Global distribution: The species has an apparently disjunct distribution, with published records from northwestern Angola, southeastern Democratic Republic of Congo, southeastern Kenya and northeastern Tanzania. Ocurrences in Angola (Map 298): The species is rectricted to northwest Angola, including the Cabinda enclave. Cabinda: “Chinxasio”

( Broadley 1996b:11) (probably Chinchoxo?).

Zaire: “Ambrizette” [-7.23333, 12.86667]

( Boulenger 1893:337, 1915:202; Bocage

1895a:82; Monard 1937b:113; Loveridge

1957:252; Broadley 1996b:11). Luanda:

“ Luanda ” [-8.83333, 13.26667] ( Broadley

1996b:11). Bengo: “Ambriz” [-7.844312,

13.106493] ( Boulenger 1893:337, 1915:202;

Bocage 1895a:82; Monard 1937b:113;

Loveridge 1957:252; Broadley 1996b:11);

“Cabiri” [-8.91667, 13.66667] ( Ferreira

1904:115; Broadley 1996b:11). Kwanza Sul:

“Libolo/Luati” [-9.98333, 14.90000]

( Hellmich 1957b:62; Broadley 1996b:11).

Taxonomic and distributional notes: The wide and disjunct distribution of this species

MAP 298. Distribution of Lycophidion meleagre in calls for further taxonomic investigation. Angola.

Lycophidion multimaculatum Boettger, 1888 SPOTTED WOLF SNAKE

Lycophidium Capense mut. multimaculata Boettger 1888:67. Lectotype: SMF 17973 (formerly SMF 7340, a) (collector P. Hesse) designated by Mertens (1922:179). Type locality: “bei Povo Nemlao … bei Povo Netonna, nächst Banana,” restricted by lectotype designation to “Banana, Unterer Kongo” [= Banana, lower Congo], Bas-Congo Province, Democratic Republic of Congo.

Lycophidion Horstockii : Bocage (1866a:49, 1870:68).

Lycophidion capense : Peters (1877a:615, 1881:149), Bocage (1895a:81, 1896a:112), Ferreira (1904:115, 1906:167), Boulenger (1893:616, 1905:112), Monard (1937b:117).

Lycophidion semiannulis : Ferreira (1897b:243), Monard (1937b:113).

Lycophidion capense capense : Schmidt (1933:13), Bogert (1940:30), Hellmich (1957a:61, 1957b:71).

Lycophidion capense multimaculatum : Broadley (1990:94, 1991b:214), Laurent (1964a:94, 1968:474).

Lycophidion multimaculatum : Branch and McCartney (1992:1), Broadley (1992b:36, 1996b:19), Branch (1998:77), Broadley and Cotterill (2004:48), Chippaux (2006:79), Chirio and LeBreton (2007:470), Wallach et al. (2014:402).

Global conservation status (IUCN): Not Evaluated.

Global distribution: The species is known from Cameroon and Central African Republic to Tanzania, southwest to Democratic Republic of Congo, southern Angola and adjacent Zambia, and the Caprivi Strip in Namibia.

Ocurrences in Angola (Map 288): The records are mostly from eastern Angola. However, the species distribution may comprise the entire country including Cabinda Province, with exception of the desert regions of the far southwestern Angola. Cabinda: “Chinchoxo” [-5.10000, 12.10000] ( Peters 1877a:615; Broadley 1996b:19); “Landana” [-5.21667, 12.15000] ( Broadley 1996b:19); “ Cabinda ” [-5.55000, 12.18333] ( Bocage 1866a:49, 1895a:81; Broadley 1996b:19). Zaire: “S. Salvador do Congo” [-6.26667, 14.23333] ( Bocage 1895a:81). Luanda: “ Luanda ” [-8.83333, 13.26667] ( Broadley 1996b:19). Malanje: “Duque de Bragança” [-9.10000, 15.95000] ( Bocage 1866a:49, 1895a:81; Boulenger 1893:616; Broadley 1996b:19); “ Malanje ” [-9.55000, 16.35000] ( Bocage 1866a:149, 1895a:81); “Pungo-Adongo” [-9.66667, 15.58333] ( Broadley 1996b:19). Lunda Norte: “Dundo” [-7.36667, 20.83333] ( Laurent 1964a:95,

1968:474); “Calonda” [-8.41667, 20.53333]

( Laurent 1964a:94; 1968:474); “Lunda District” ( Broadley 1996b:19). Lunda Sul: “Alto

Cuílo” [-10.01667, 19.55000] ( Laurent

1964a:95; 1968:474). Moxico: “Cazombo”

[-11.88333, 22.91667] ( Laurent 1964a:95;

1968:474); “Macondo, Haut Zambèze ”

[-12.55000, 23.76667] ( Laurent 1964a:95;

1968:474). Kwanza Norte: “Piri-Dembos”

[-8.56667, 14.50000] ( Ferreira 1906:167;

Broadley 1996b:19); “Golungo Alto”

[-9.13333, 14.76667] ( Ferreira 1906:167). Bié:

“ 32 km E of Dande, Gauca ” [-11.18333,

17.45000] ( Schmidt 1933:13; Broadley

1996b:19); “Chitau” [-11.43333, 17.15000]

( Schmidt 1933:13; Laurent 1968:474;

Broadley 1996b:19). Huambo: “Bela-Vista”

MAP 299. Distribution of Lycophidion multimaculatum in [-12.36667, 16.20000] ( Hellmich 1957b:61; Angola.

Broadley 1996b:19); “Galanga” [-13.73333,

15.06667] ( Bocage 1895a:81; Laurent 1968:474). Benguela: “Entre-Rios” [-12.26667, 17.41667] ( Hellmich 1957a:61, 71; Broadley 1996b:19); “Hanha” [-13.30000, 14.20000] ( Bocage 1896a:112). Huíla: “Caconda” [-13.73333, 15.06667] ( Bocage 1895a:81; Boulenger 1893:616; Laurent 1968:474; Broadley 1996b:19); “ Rio Cuce” [-13.51667, 15.20000] ( Ferreira 1897b:243; Monard 1937b:113); “Kalukembé” [-13.78333, 14.68333] ( Monard 1937b:117); “Gambos” [-15.76667, 14.10000] ( Broadley 1996b:19); “ 28 km N of Sá da Bandeira” [-14.916667, 13.499914] ( Broadley 1996b:19). Namibe: “Mossamedes” [-15.20000, 12.15000] ( Bocage 1895a:81; Laurent 1968:474; Broadley 1996b:19). Cuando Cubango: “approximately 50 km E of Cuito Cuanavale” [-15.23333, 19.61667] (Branch and McCartney 1992:1; Broadley 1996b:19). Undetermined Locality: “Between Benguela and Bihé” ( Boulenger 1905:112; Broadley 1996b:19).

Taxonomic and distributional notes: The majority of the specimens originally assigned to Lycophidion capense S mith, 1831, in Angola ( Peters 1877 a, 1881, Bocage 1895a, 1896a; Ferreira 1904, 1906; Boulenger 1893, 1905, Schmidt 1933; Monard 1937b:117; Bogert 1940; Hellmich 1957a, 1957b) refer to Lycophidion multimaculatum Boettger, 1888 . Modern authors (e.g., Broadley 1996b; Branch 1998) have typically followed Broadley (1992b) in recognizing L. multimaculatum as a full species. Given that the currently understood species boundary between this species and L. capense is suspiciously consistent with political boundaries, further investigation of populations of wolf snakes in and adjacent to the Caprivi Strip in northeastern Namibia is required.

Lycophidion ornatum Parker, 1936 ORNATE WOLF SNAKE

Lycophidion ornatum Parker 1936:122 . Holotype: BMNH 1946.1 .14.28 (formerly BMNH 1936.8.1.690) (collector K. Jordan). Type locality: “Congulu” [= Congulo ], Kwanza Sul Province, Angola.

Lycophidion capense ornatum : Loveridge (1957:252).

Lycophidion ornatum : Laurent (1968:470), Broadley (1992b:35, 1996b:16), Spawls et al. (2004:325), Broadley and Hughes (1993:12), Chippaux (2006:80), Chirio and LeBreton (2007:474), Wallach et al. (2014:411).

Global conservation status (IUCN): Least Concern.

Global distribution: The species is known from Nigeria to South Sudan and

Kenya, south to Tanzania and west to the Democratic Republic of Congo and Angola.

Ocurrences in Angola (Map 300): The species is only known from the type locality

“Congulu” in Kwanza Sul Province, however,

its distribution may comprise all northern regions of the country. Kwanza Sul: “Congulu” [-10.86667, 14.28333] ( Parker 1936:122;

Loveridge 1957:252; Laurent 1968:470;

Broadley and Hughes 1993:12; Broadley

1996b:16; Chippaux 2006:80; Wallach et al.

2014:411).

Taxonomic and distributional notes:

Loveridge (1957) treated L. ornatum as a subspecies of Lycophidion capense ( Smith, 1831) ,

MAP 300. Distribution of Lycophidion ornatum in but it was later elevated to specific status again Angola.

by Laurent (1968).