Crotaphopeltis Fitzinger, 1843

Marques, Mariana P., Ceríaco, Luis M. P., Blackburn, David C. & Bauer, Aaron M., 2018, Diversity and Distribution of the Amphibians and Terrestrial Reptiles of Angola Atlas of Historical and Bibliographic Records (1840 - 2017), Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 65, pp. 1-501 : 377-378

Genus Crotaphopeltis Fitzinger, 1843

Crotaphopeltis hotamboeia ( Laurenti, 1768) RED-LIPPED SNAKE

Coronella hotamboeia Laurenti 1768:85 . Holotype: specimen illustrated by Seba (1734:54, pl. 33, fig. 6),

specimen not located. Type locality: “in India orientali” [= East Indies ] fide Laurenti (1768:85), [Ceylon

= Sri Lanka] fide Seba (1734), in error, corrected to “Africa” by Loveridge (1957:271). Crotaphopeltis rufescens : Bocage (1866a:49, 1895a:122), Peters (1881:149), Bocage (1896a:113, 1897b:211). Leptodira rufescens : Günther (1876b:679), Peters (1877a:615), Bocage (1879b:95). Crotaphopeltis semiannulatus : Bocage (1895a:122). Leptodira hotamboeia : Ferreira (1903:12, 1904:116, 1906:169), Boulenger (1905:112), Monard (1937b:129). Crotaphopeltis hotamboeia : Parker (1936:125), Branch and McCartney (1992:2), Broadley et al. (2003:203),

Broadley and Cotterill (2004:51), Chippaux (2006:143), Spawls et al. (2004:379), Trapé and Mané

(2006:88), Chirio and LeBreton (2007:398), Wallach et al. (2014:197), Branch and Conradie (2015:200),

Ceríaco et al. (2016b:77), Conradie et al. (2016:19). Crotaphopeltis hotamboeia hotamboeia : Mertens (1938:440), Hellmich (1957a:72, 1957b:68), Laurent

(1950:9; 1964a:110).

Global conservation status (IUCN): Not Evaluated.

Global distribution: This species is one of the most widespread African snakes, typically occupying moist savannas of sub-Saharan Africa.

Ocurrences in Angola (Map 340): The species occurs in the entire country (including the Cabinda enclave), with exception of the desert regions of the far southwestern Angola. Cabinda: “Chinchoxo” [-5.10000, 12.10000] ( Peters 1877a:615); “Cabinda” [-5.55000, 12.18333] ( Bocage 1866a:49, 1895a:122). Zaire: “St. Salvador do Congo” [-6.26667, 14.23333] ( Bocage 1895a:122). Lunda Norte: “Dundo” [-7.36667, 20.83333] ( Peters 1881:149); “Carumbo” [-7.74422, 19.95467] (Branch and Conradie 2015:200); “Cassange” [-9.58333, 17.86667] ( Bocage 1879b:95). Lunda Sul: “Alto Cuílo, galerie forestière des sources du ruisseau Tchá-Muchito” [-10.01667, 19.45000] ( Laurent 1964a:110). Bengo: “Dande” [-8.46667, 13.38333] ( Bocage 1895a:122). Malanje: “Duque de Bragança” [-9.10000, 15.95000] ( Bocage 1866a:49); “Cafuxi” [-9.24000, 17.17167] (Boulenger 1906:169); “Cangandala National Park” [-9.84606, 16.72233]

(Ceríaco et al. 2016b:77). Kwanza Norte:

“Piri-Dembos” [-8.56667, 14.50000] ( Hellmich 1957b:68); “N’golla Bumba” [-9.03333,

14.60000] ( Ferreira 1906:169); “Golungo

Alto” [-9.13333, 14.76667] ( Ferreira

1906:169); “Cambondo” [-9.15963, 14.65771]

( Ferreira 1906:169); “Canhoca” [-9.25000,

14.68333] ( Boulenger 1905:112); “ Rio Luinha” [-9.26667, 14.53333] ( Ferreira

1906:169); “N’dalla Tando” [-9.30000,

14.91667] ( Bocage 1895a:122); “Dondo”

[-9.68333, 14.43333] ( Ferreira 1903:12).

Kwanza Sul: “Quirimbo” [-10.68333,

14.26667] ( Parker 1936:125); “Chingo”

[-11.20000, 13.85000] ( Ferreira 1904:116).

Moxico: “Macondo” [-12.55000, 23.76667]

( Laurent 1964a:110). Huambo: “Bela-Vista”

[ -12.36667, 16.20000] ( Hellmich 1957b:68). MAP 340. Distribution of Crotaphopeltis hotamboeia in Angola .

Bié: “Cubango basin (12b)” [-13.59638,

16.87722] ( Conradie et al. 2016:8-9, 19). Benguela: “Quissange” [-12.43333, 14.05000] ( Bocage 1895a:122); “Quindumbo” [-12.46667, 14.93333] ( Bocage 1895a:122); “Benguella” [-12.58333, 13.41667] ( Bocage 1895a:122); “Katála” [-12.88333, 14.01667] ( Ferreira 1906:169); “Entre Rios” [-13.01667, 14.63333] ( Hellmich 1957a:72); “Alto Cubal” [-13.03333, 14.25000] (Mertens 1938:440; Hellmich 1957b:68); “Hanha” [-13.30000, 14.20000] ( Bocage 1896a:113, 1897b:211).

Huíla: “Sangevé” [-13.88333, 15.83333] ( Monard 1937b:129); “Caconda” [-13.73333, 15.06667] ( Bocage 1895a:122); “Quillengues” [-14.06667, 15.08333] ( Bocage 1895a:122); “Kuvangu/Vila da Ponte” [-14.46667, 16.30000] ( Monard 1937b:129); “Huilla” [-15.05000, 13.55000] ( Bocage 1895a:122; Hellmich 1957b:68); “Kampulu (région de Kasinga)” [-15.21667, 16.11667] ( Monard 1937b:129); “Gambos” [-15.76667, 14.10000] ( Bocage 1895a:122). Namibe: “Biballa” [-14.76667, 13.36667] ( Bocage 1895a:122). Cunene: “Humbe” [-16.68333, 14.90000] ( Bocage 1895a:122). Cuando Cubango: “approximately 23 km SE of Cuito Cuanavale” [-15.33333, 19.33333] (Branch and McCartney 1992:2). Undetermined Locality: “Cuango” ( Peters 1881:149; Bocage 1895a:122) (Malanje Province impossible to georeference: See History Section for more detailed information).

Taxonomic and distributional notes: Wallach et al. (2014) indicated that no holotype had been indicated for this species. However, Laurenti (1768) provided an indication to an image in Seba (1734) and the individual pictured is the holotype. The history of Seba’s collections have been discussed in detail ( Engel 1937, 1961; Boeseman 1970; Juriev 1981; Adler 1989; Bauer 2002; Bauer and Günther 2013). Seba’s second collection (the first had been sold to Peter the Great of Russia in 1716; Driessen-van het Reve 2006) was sold after his death at auction ( Anonymous 1752). Seba specimens are known or believed to be present in collections in St. Petersburg, London, Leiden (including specimens until recently in Amsterdam), Paris, Copenhagen , Stockholm, Bremen and Berlin ( Boeseman 1970; Juriev 1981; Thireau et al. 1998; Bauer and Günther 2013) but few can be traced to particular plate figures, and the lectotype of Coronella hotamboeia is not among these. This species has a wide distribution in sub-Saharan Africa (Broadley and Cotterill 2004) and a phylogeographic analysis is therefore desirable to investigate the possibility of cryptic species ( Bates et al. 2014).