Cybaeus chauliodous Bennett, 2009

Bennett, Robb, Copley, Claudia & Copley, Darren, 2022, The Californian clade of Cybaeus (Araneae: Cybaeidae) in the Nearctic: the septatus species group and three unplaced species, Zootaxa 5100 (2), pp. 189-223 : 192-195

Cybaeus chauliodous Bennett

Figs 1–15 , 49

Cybaeus chauliodous Bennett in Copley et al. 2009: 390, figs 85–98, 113. World Spider Catalog 2021. Type material examined. U.S.A.: California: Holotype male. Plumas County, south side of Lake Almanor , 5.ix.1959, V . D. Roth & W.J. Gertsch ( AMNH) . Paratypes: Specimens and locality data in Copley et al. 2009.

Other material examined. U.S.A.: California: Shasta. 1♀, “Cave 91”, 40° 39' 34" N, 121° 25' 39" W, 5.v.2016, G.O. Graening & T . Rickman ( CAS); 2♀, “Cave 94H dark zone”, 40° 39' 34" N, 121° 25' 39" W, 7.i.2018, T. R . Rickman & T . Blaschak ( CAS) . Oregon: Josephine. 3♀, Grants Pass , 20.iv.1994, no collector ( CAS). Other specimens and locality data in Copley et al. 2009 .

Diagnosis. The male of C. chauliodous is unlikely to be confused with the known males of the other species of the septatus species group. The single peg seta that is much larger than the others on the patellar apophysis ( Figs 1–2 , 5–7 ) and the swollen, lip-like tip of the proximal arm of the tegular apophysis ( Figs 3–4 , 8–9 ) distinguish the male of C. chauliodous (versus one peg seta only slightly larger than the others [ Figs 22 , 25 ] and tip of the proximal arm of the tegular apophysis bluntly acuminate [ Figs 23–24 , 26 ] in C. septatus or one peg seta isolated in a proximal medial position on the patellar apophysis [ Figs 34 , 44 , 47 ] and tip of the proximal arm of the tegular apophysis sharply acuminate [ Figs 33, 35–36 , 45 , 48 ] in C. somesbar and C. viator spec. nov.).

The female of C. chauliodous is most likely to be confused with the female of C. lockeae spec. nov. In female C. chauliodous the widely separated atrial openings are visible in dorsal view ( Figs 12, 15 ) whereas in females of C. lockeae spec. nov., as well as C. septatus , C. somesbar , and C. viator spec. nov., the atrial openings are obscured by the vulval ducts in dorsal view ( Figs 21 , 29, 32 , 39, 42 ). In addition, in female C. chauliodous the spermathecal heads are located antero-medially in the vulva in the vicinity of the atrial openings ( Figs 12, 14–15 ) (versus in C. lockeae spec. nov. the heads are located very close to the Bennett’s glands [ Figs 20–21 ]). Also, the females of C. chauliodous and C. septatus have relatively large atrial openings but these are conspicuous in C. chauliodous ( Figs 10, 13 ) and inconspicuous in C. septatus ( Fig. 27 ); in the females of C. somesbar and C. viator spec. nov. the atrial openings are very small and inconspicuous ( Figs 37, 40 ); these atrial character states can be difficult to discern.

Description. As in diagnosis. For other descriptive characters see Copley et al. (2009).

Distribution and natural history. Northeastern California and inland southwestern Oregon ( Fig. 49 ). Males have been collected from early September to mid-November. Recorded habitats are typical for species of Cybaeus : under rocks in pine ( Pinus L.) and mixed pine and oak ( Quercus L.) forests.

Figures

FIGURE 49. Distributions of Cybaeus chauliodous, C. septatus, and C. somesbar. AZ—Arizona, CA—California, ID—Idaho, OR—Oregon, NV—Nevada, UT—Utah, WA—Washington. California and Oregon county names capitalized.

FIGURES 1–4. Cybaeus chauliodous, males (1, 3–4 from Ashland Summit, Oregon; 2 from Lake Almanor, California), left palpus. 1–2 Patella and tibia (1 retrolateral, 2 dorsal). 3–4 Genital bulb (3 ventral, 4 retrolateral). CY—cymbium, DA—distal arm of tegular apophysis, E—embolus, PA—proximal arm of tegular apophysis, PTA—patellar apophysis, RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis. Unlabelled arrows indicate single enlarged peg seta on patellar apophysis.

FIGURES 5–9. Cybaeus chauliodous, males (5, 7, 9 from Lake Almanor, California; 6, 8 from Ashland Summit, Oregon), left palpus. 5–7 Patellar apophysis, dorsal. 8–9 Proximal arm of tegular apophysis, ventral. Unlabelled arrows indicate diagnostic characters (5–7 single enlarged peg seta on patellar apophysis, 8–9 swollen lip-like tip of proximal arm of tegular apophysis).

FIGURES 10–15. Cybaeus chauliodous, females (10–12 from Lake Almanor, California; 13–15 from Applegate River, Oregon), copulatory organ. 10, 13 Epigynum, ventral. 11–12, 14–15 Vulva (11, 14 ventral, 12, 15 dorsal). AT—Atrial opening, BG—Bennett’s gland, CD—copulatory duct, HS—head of spermatheca, SS—stalk of spermatheca, W—epigynal “wrinkle”.

FIGURES 22–24. Cybaeus septatus, male from Mt. Shasta, California, left palpus. 22 Patella, dorsal. 23–24 Genital bulb (23 ventral, 24 retrolateral). DA—distal arm of tegular apophysis, E—embolus, PA—proximal arm of tegular apophysis. Unlabelled arrows indicate diagnostic characters (22 single slightly enlarged peg seta on patellar apophysis, 23 weakly concave posterior margin of PA).

FIGURES 25–26. Cybaeus septatus, male from Mt. Shasta, California, left palpus. 25 Patellar apophysis, dorsal. 26 Proximal arm of tegular apophysis, ventral. Unlabelled arrows indicate diagnostic characters (25 single slightly enlarged peg seta on patellar apophysis; 26 weakly concave posterior margin of proximal arm of tegular apophysis).

FIGURES 33–36. Cybaeus somesbar, male from Slide Creek, California, left palpus. 33 Patella, tibia, and genital bulb, ventral. 34 Patella and tibia, dorsal. 35–36 Genital bulb (35 ventral, 36 retrolateral). CY—cymbium, DA—distal arm of tegular apophysis, E—embolus, PA—proximal arm of tegular apophysis, PTA—patellar apophysis, RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis. Unlabelled arrows indicate diagnostic characters (34 single isolated peg seta medially on PTA, 35 strongly concave posterior margin of PA).

FIGURES 43–46. Cybaeus viator spec. nov., male from Fouts Springs, California, left palpus. 43–44 Patella and tibia (43 retrolateral, 44 dorsal). 45–46 Genital bulb (45 ventral, 46 retrolateral). CY—cymbium, DA—distal arm of tegular apophysis, PA—proximal arm of tegular apophysis, PTA—patellar apophysis, RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis.

FIGURES 47–48. Cybaeus viator spec. nov., male from Fouts Springs, California, left palpus. 47 Patellar apophysis, dorsal. 48 Proximal arm of tegular apophysis, ventral. Unlabelled arrows indicate diagnostic characters (47 pointed angular tip of patellar apophysis with three peg setae, single isolated peg seta medially; 48 angular posterior margin of proximal arm of tegular apophysis).

FIGURES 16–21. Cybaeus lockeae spec. nov., females from Castro Valley, California, copulatory organ. 16 Epigynum, ventral. 17–21 Vulva (17–19 ventral, 20–21 dorsal). AT—Atrial opening, BG—Bennett’s gland, HS—head of spermatheca.

FIGURES 27–32. Cybaeus septatus, females from California (27 from Mt. Shasta, 28–29 holotype, 30–32 from McCloud), copulatory organ. 27 Epigynum, ventral. 28–29, 32 Vulva (28, 32 ventral, 29 dorsal). 30 Subadult vulva, dorsal. 31 Portion of teneral vulva (Bennett’s gland and base of spermatheca), dorsal. AT—Atrial opening, BG—Bennett’s gland, BS—base of spermatheca, HS—head of spermatheca, W—epigynal “wrinkle”.

FIGURES 37–42. Cybaeus spp., females, copulatory organ (37–39 C. viator spec. nov. from Fouts Springs, California; 40–42 holotype of C. somesbar). 37, 40 Epigynum, ventral. 38–39, 41–42 Vulva (38, 41 ventral, 39, 42 dorsal). AT—Atrial openings, HS—head of spermatheca.