Paypayrola, Aublet, 1775

Ballard, Harvey E., 2022, A new Paypayrola (Violaceae) from Panama, with notes about the species complexes for the genus, Phytotaxa 542 (3), pp. 283-292 : 290-291

Taxonomic key to flowering Paypayrola

Note: all traits refer to those observed on dried herbarium specimens unless otherwise noted; corolla color was interpreted from label data.

1. Inflorescence long-pedunculate, rachis somewhat short to elongate (commonly much longer than 2 cm), laxly flowered (sometimes moderately densely flowered but with rachis visible in P. guianensis ); sepals as broad as long or broader than long (much longer than broad in P. longifolia ); corolla deep yellow or yellow-orange to orange in life (Guianensis complex) ....................................2

-. Inflorescence sessile or subsessile to short-pedunculate, rachis relatively short (usually to 2 cm long), densely flowered with rachis not visible; sepals much longer than broad; corolla white often tinged with pink or red, or bright yellow in life .......................... 4

2. Leaves long-petiolate, blades oblanceolate to linear-oblanceolate, base and apex attenuate; sepals distinctly longer than broad, elliptical .......................................................................................................................................................................... P. longifolia

-. Leaves relatively short-petiolate, blades broadly oblanceolate to obovate, base cuneate to narrowly rounded, apex abruptly attenuate or subattenuate to narrowly rounded; sepals about as broad as long or broader than long, broadly ovate to deltate ....... 3

3. Leaf blades broadly lance-obovate to obovate, apex tapering or convexly rounded to a narrowly rounded tip, full-length lateral nerves per side 9–12; inflorescence elongate, laxly flowered; mature flower buds and unopened corollas long-conic ..................... ...................................................................................................................................................................................... P. grandiflora

-. Leaf blades obovate, apex abruptly short- to long-attenuate to a sharply narrowly acute tip, full-length lateral nerves per side 5–8(–9); inflorescence shorter to elongate, laxly to moderately densely flowered; mature flower buds and unopened corollas cylindrical ...................................................................................................................................................................... P. guianensis

4. Sepals puberulent abaxially; corolla bright yellow in life (Hulkiana complex) ............................................................................... 5

-. Sepals glabrous abaxially; corolla white often tinged with pink or red in life (Blanchetiana complex) ......................................... 6

5. Leaf blades 11.7–18.0 × 4.7–5.3 cm, apex abruptly subattenuate to long-attenuate; complete lateral nerves per side (5)6–10; inflorescence laxly to moderately densely flowered with up to 7 mature flowers at anthesis; sepals 1.8–2.4 × as long as broad, narrowly linear-oblong to narrowly oblong-triangular, apex narrowly rounded, the 1 medial nerve often raised and prominent ..... ........................................................................................................................................................................................... P. hulkiana

5. Leaf blades 18.4–29.3 × (4.1)5.9–9.8, cm, apex weakly subattenuate to narrowly rounded, rarely convexly rounded to an obtuse or broadly rounded tip; complete lateral nerves per side 8–12; inflorescence densely flowered with 6–15 mature flowers at anthesis; sepals 1.0–1.7(2.0) × as long as broad, narrowly to broadly oblong-elliptical or uncommonly suborbicular, apex broadly rounded to truncate or retuse, the (1)3 or 5 nerves frequently raised and prominent ............................................................... P. panamensis

6. Short shrub to 2 m; petioles <2 mm long; sepals acute at apex ...................................................................................... P. arenacea

6. Shrub or treelet to 12 m (rarely as short as 1–2 m); petioles> 4 mm long; sepals broadly rounded to truncate at apex ..................7

7. Leaf blades linear-oblanceolate to oblong-oblanceolate, base truncate to convexly rounded (rarely subcuneate), apex weakly subattenuate, tapering or convexly rounded to a narrowly rounded or sharply acute tip; full-length lateral nerves per side 10–12; sepals 1.1–1.4 × as long as broad, broadly elliptical or oblong-ovate to suborbicular ............................................. P. blanchetiana

7. Leaf blades oblanceolate to narrowly obovate, base cuneate, apex abruptly short- to long-attenuate to a sharply narrowly acute tip; full-length lateral nerves per side 7–8(11); sepals> 1.5 × as long as broad, narrowly elliptical or ovate-lanceolate to narrowly oblong-ovate ............................................................................................................................................................... P. confertiflora