Polydrusini SCHOENHERR, 1823

Yunakov, N. N. & Klass K. D., 2012, Contribution to the taxonomy and nomenclature of Entiminae from the Palaearctic region and South Africa (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 62 (2), pp. 427-445 : 432

3.3. Tribe Polydrusini SCHOENHERR, 1823

According to traditional systematics Polydrusini comprises the genera with following superficial morphological characters:

1) antennal scrobes strictly lateral, with well developed edges;

2) pronotum without vibrissae at the sides of the anterior margin;

3) humeral prominences on elytra developed;

4) setal comb of hind tibiae, simple or with inner bare ridnge, additional comb always absent ( Fig. 26 );

5) setal comb of hind tibiae stricted by apical edge of tibia and not continuing on its dorsal edge; 6) claws connate.

Old and recent data have revealed many exceptions in character 3 within genera being considered in Polydrusini : Liophloeus Germar, 1817 , Metadrosus Schilsky, 1910 , Homapterus Fairmaire, 1857 , Synaptorhinus Faust, 1889 (new placement), and Polydrusus subgenera Orodrusus Korotyaev et Meleshko, 1997 , Scythodrusus Korotyaev et Meleshko, 1997 , Leucodrusus , and Eudipnus when humeral processes are more or less reduced ( Smreczyński 1958; Borovec & Fremuth 2000; original data of authors). That was expectable as aptery is already described in Phyllobiini and Cyphicerini ( Korotyaev & Egorov 1977; Morimoto et al. 2006).

Tribal relationships and phylogenetic pattern of Polydrusini genera are not studied yet. A hypoth-hypothesis on the relationship of Polydrusini with Phyllobiini was proposed ( Zherikhin & Egorov 1991) because of similarity in general appearance, structure of thorax, limbs, and wing venation, but simultaneously significant differences were highlighted in structure of antennal socets, antennae, shape. Recently Japanese experts, supporting Zherikhins’s opinion, descovered other defferences of Polydrusini from Phyllobiini : absence of denticles on medial edge of deciduous mandibular process (without denicles) and presence of styli on coxites of ovipositor ( Morimoto et al. 2006). The statement on the presence of styli in all Polydrusini is not confirmed by our recent unpublished study of Polydrusus subgenera Scythodrusus and Orodrusus .

Figures

Figs 23-33: Synaptorhinus simplex Faust, 1889, syntype, female. 23: epistomal area of rostrum, dorsal view; 24: rostrum, ventral view showing buccal cavity; 25: visible abdominal sternites (ventrites), ventral view showing intersternal membranes; 26: right hind tibia apical surface, view from distally, ventral (= internal) side to the right, showing ridge; 27: internal apical angle of right fore tibia, internal view from distally; 28: idem, right middle tibia; 29: spermatheca; 30: abdominal tergite VI, dorsal view; 31: sternite VIII (spiculum ventrale); 32: ovipositor with bursa copulatrix and spermatheca, left-lateral view; 33: left coxite and stylus of ovipositor, magnified. Abbreviations: bc – bursa copulatrix,co – collum, cp– corpus, cr – cornu, cx – coxite, dc– ductus spermaticus, est – epistomal setae, frst – frontal setae, hls – hypostomolabial suture, im – intersternal membrane, md – mandible, muc – mucro, pm – prementum, ptp – posterior tentorial pit, ra – ramus, sc – mandibular scar, sg – subgena, sty –stylus.