Diceroderes subtriplehorni Smith and Cifuentes-Ruiz, 2015

Smith, Aaron D. & Cifuentes-Ruiz, Paulina, 2015, Revision of Diceroderes Solier (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Toxicini: Eudysantina), with Descriptions of Four New Species, The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 14) 69, pp. 55-72 : 67-71

Diceroderes subtriplehorni Smith and Cifuentes-Ruiz , new species

( Figs. 11–12 , 23 , 36–39 )

Type Material. HOLOTYPE, (male) labeled: (a) “ MEX: Veracruz / S Sontecomapan / Est. Biol. Los / Tuxtlas 27 Jul / 1990 el. 150 m ”; (b) “ J.K. Liebherr / CAS-CU-UCB / Field Exped.”; (c) on blue paper “Tenebrionid Base / Aaron D. Smith / Catalog # 13109”; (d) on red paper, “ HOLOTYPE / Diceroderes / subtriplehorni / Smith & Cifuentes- Ruiz 2015” ( CUIC) . ALLOTYPE (female) labeled: (a) “ MEX: Veracruz Est. Biol. / “ Los Tuxtlas ”

(male). 36) Dorsal habitus; 37) Lateral habitus.

(female). 38) Dorsal habitus; 39) Lateral habitus.

27 Jul 1990 / 150 m el. J.K. Liebherr / CAS-CU- UCB Field Exp.”; (b) “on downed logs at night”; (c) on blue paper “Tenebrionid Base / Aaron D. Smith / Catalog # 14756”; (d) on red paper, “ALLO- TYPE / Diceroderes / subtriplehorni / Smith & Cifuentes-Ruiz 2015” ( CUIC). PARATYPES (28 specimens, excluding the allotype) (all bearing the label “ PARATYPE / Diceroderes / subtriplehorni / Smith & Cifuentes-Ruiz 2015” on yellow paper and most with the database label “Tenebrionid Base / Aaron D. Smith / Catalog # ”, for convenience tenebrioniDBase catalog numbers are listed as TB # without quotations): One paratype ( CUIC, ♀), labeled (a) “MEX: Veracruz Est. Biol. / “Los Tuxtlas” 25 Jul 1990 / 150–200 m J.K. Liebherr / CAS-CU-UCB Field Exp.”; (b) TB # 14746. One paratype ( CUIC, ♂) labeled (a) “ MEX: Oaxaca Valle / Nacional, 12 km S / 21 July 1990 el. / 700 m J.K. Liebherr / CAS-CU-UCB Exped. ”; (b) “under / bark of / log”; (c) TB # 13102. Two paratypes ( USNM, ♀♀) labeled (a) “ MEXICO: V.C.; / Coyame, Catemaco / June 1954 ”; (b) TB #s 14743, 14748. One paratype ( TAMU, ♀) labeled (a) “ MEXICO: Veracruz / 11.3 mi. N. Misantla / 26 Sept., 1976 / W. E. Clark”; (b) TB # 14747. One paratype ( EMEC, ♀) labeled (a) “MEX: Veracruz / Est. Biol. Los / Tuxtlas VII-26-90 / J. Doyen”; (b) “UC Berkeley / EMEC / 253210”; (c) TB # 14744. One paratype ( EMEC, ♀) labeled (a) “ MEX: Veracruz / Est. Biol. / Los Tuxtlas / VII-1/9-1988 / J.A.Chemsak”; (b) “UC Berkeley / EMEC / 253211”; (c) TB # 14750. Two paratypes ( OSUC, ♂ ♀) labeled (a) “ 9 mi. SW.Catemaco / Mexico (Ver.) / VII-15-59 1800′”; (b) “B.+B. Valentine / collectors”; (c) “OSUC [1- “524297”, 1- “524296”]”; (d) TB # 14749, 14781. One paratype ( OSUC, ♂) labeled (a) “ Mexico. V.C. Volcan / San Martin. SE.slope / B.&B. Valentine”; (b) “beating el. / 49–5000′ / 30-VII-59”; (c) “OSUC 524299”; (d) TB # 14751. One paratype ( OSUC, ♀) labeled (a) “Mex.Ver.VolcanSan / Martin.SE, slope / vii- 21-59”; (b) “Collrs.B.&B. / Valentine”; (c) “OSUC 524298”; (d) TB # 14745. Eight paratypes ( ADSC, 2♂, 6♀) labeled (a) “ MEXICO: Veracruz / Ruiz Cortínez, Sierra / de los Tuxtlas, beating / 18.527, − 95.137, 1072m / 08.Aug.2015, ADSmith”; (b) “Fiesta de los Escarabajos / NAUF-CNIN-OSAC- ASUT, / ADSmith, GRodríguez-Mirón, / RAGomez, and MAJohnston. (c) TB #s 14962–14969. One paratype ( MAJC, ♀) labeled (a) “ MEXICO: Veracruz / Ruiz Cortínez, Sierra / de los Tuxtlas, beating / 18.527, − 95.137, 1072m / 08.Aug.2015, MAJohnston”; (b) “Fiesta de los Escarabajos / NAUF- CNIN-OSAC-ASUT, / ADSmith, GRodríguez- Mirón, / RAGomez, and MAJohnston. (c) TB # 14954. PARATYPES from CNIN and IEXA, given without verbatim labels: Mexico, Oaxaca, km 60 Tuxtepec-Oaxaca highway, 15-X-1979, E. Barrera coll. ( CNIN, 1♂, 3♀♀). MEXICO, Oaxaca, km 11 Valle Nacional highway, 16-X-1979, H. Brailovsky coll. ( CNIN, ♂ ♀). MEXICO, Veracruz, Mpio. San Andrés Tuxtla, Balzapote, 20-II-1985, P. Reyes coll. ( IEXA, ♂). MEXICO, Oaxaca, km 70 Tuxtepec- Oaxaca highway, 1500 m, 1-IV-1986, A. Ibarra coll. ( CNIN, ♂).

Diagnosis. Diceroderes subtriplehorni can be separated from all other known members of the genus based on the following character combination: Frons with low supraorbital costae and deep transverse impression; clypeus with transverse row of tubercles; elytra in lateral view rounded from front to back; males with apical spine on all tibia; mentum lacking medial longitudinal ridge. This species is similar to D. ocozocoautlaensis and is separated in that species’ diagnosis.

Description. Male. Length 7.5–7.8 mm, width 3.9–4.2 mm (n = 4 specimens). Color ferruginous to black, each fovea or puncture with 1 decumbent golden seta unless otherwise noted. Head: Frons densely deeply foveate throughout, with low supraorbital ridge, posteriorly with deep transverse impression; vertex raised above frons and densely foveate; frontoclypeal suture deeply and broadly impressed; clypeus with densely tuberculate transverse band and setose, anterior margin nearly straight with sharp raised lip; gena between eye and clypeus raised and densely foveate; shallow impression present around eye from gena to apex. Eye elongate oval to slightly reniform, approximately 5 facets across; large U-shaped densely foveate lobe present behind eye. Labrum without transverse medial ridge, semi-erect golden setae present on anterior half, margin rounded with setae along edges of vertical surface; mandible bifid at apex, dorsal and lateral surfaces smooth; mentum trapezoidal, rugofoveate with long straight setae near anterolateral margins and short decumbent setae otherwise, widest at anterior margin, medial longitudinal ridge present; submentum small and poorly defined, as wide or wider than basal margin of mentum, triangular. Antennomeres 9 and 10 subequal in size, antennomere 11 smaller than preceding segments and weakly asymmetrical; antennomere 3 approximately 1.4X length of antennomere 4, antennomeres 4–8 subequal in length. Prothorax: Pronotal disc almost flat, widest near middle, constricted in basal third; densely foveate, with small impunctate medial longitudinal region, tuberculate, each tubercle clothed in microtomentose setae and decumbent setae curved towards apex of tubercle, apex smooth, rounded, and glabrous, occasionally with visible micropit; discal tubercles sparsely randomly distributed excepting 2 submedial patches of nearly confluent tubercles and 2 longitudinal ridges running from outer base of horns to near basal margin bearing nearly confluent tubercles; anterior half of pronotum bearing 2 sublateral anteriorly directed horns, horns divergent near base then curved towards midline, dorsal and outer surfaces densely tuberculate and foveate, ventral and inner surfaces densely foveate, apices slightly recurved; pronotum laterally from horn to margin tuberculate and foveate, lateral costa absent, lateral margin with row of regularly spaced tubercles, anterior apices slightly produced and acute, posterior apices acute, not projecting; anterior margin straight, with poorly defined transverse costa running entire length, merging with longitudinal costae on underside of horns; posterior margin slightly bisinuate with medial emargination receiving scutellum. Hypomeron densely foveate. Prosternum anterior to coxa approximately as long as coxal cavity, densely foveate, each fovea with a relatively long decumbent golden seta; prosternal process raised between coxa, medially impressed, apex subacute and projecting behind coxa. Pterothorax: Dorsal outline oval, widest near or slightly behind middle. Elytron dorsally convex, gradually sloping at both ends; stria weakly indicated by irregular rows of fovea, interstria with tubercles and somewhat regularly spaced minute decumbent scale-like setae; each elytral disc with 1 low longitudinal, densely tuberculate costa near middle, second costa often present closer to humeral angle; lateral portion of elytron between costae and poorly defined pseudepipleural margin densely tuberculate; pseudepipleura regularly densely foveate, lacking tubercles; ventral margin of epiplura with deep groove for reception of abdominal ventrites 3–5. Scutellum with minute decumbent scale-like setae, subtriangular, posterior portion V-shaped, dorsal margin rounded and extending past elytral base, ∼ 1.8X as wide as long. Mesosternum short, anteriorly weakly emarginate behind prosternal process, mesocoxal cavities open. Metasternum short, separating meso- and metacoxal cavities by less than mesocoxal cavity length. All visible ventrites on the pterothorax densely foveate, each fovea with golden seta. Legs: Femora lacking spines or other protrusions, densely shallowly punctate, punctures fine and almost completely obscured by pruinescence, each with 1 decumbent seta; tibia without callosities, clothed in decumbent setae set in fine punctures, inner surface rarely with few spine-like setae, inner apical margin with 2 minute socketed spurs, apical spine between spurs present on all tibia in males; distal tarsomere shorter than combined length of preceding segments, with sparse golden setae, venter of all other tarsomeres clothed with dense long golden setae. Abdomen: Visible ventrites densely finely punctate medially, becoming shallowly foveate on ventrite 5 caudally, each puncture with 1 decumbent seta, relatively clean of pruinescence, lateral margins moderately setose, fine punctures absent or obscured by pruinescence; abdominal intercoxal process broad, with submarginal impression, anterior margin rounded; intersegmental membranes concealed, connection between ventrites 3–5 deeply medially depressed; ventrite 5 lacking submarginal groove; abdominal defensive reservoirs present; sternite 8 weakly sclerotized and setose, deeply medially emarginate, emargination V-shaped; aedeagus with parameres fused, subequal in length to basal piece, dorsally convex, widest near base then gradually acuminate to thin partly dehisced apical fourth of length, weakly curved ventrad towards apex ( Figs. 11–12 ).

Female. Similar to male, except lacking apical tibial spines and with shorter, stouter pronotal horns, horns curved towards midline but not recurved at apex ( Figs. 38–39 ).

Distribution. Mexico: Oaxaca, Puebla, and Veracruz ( Fig. 23 ).

Etymology. The species epithet is in honor of Dr. Charles “Chuck” A. Triplehorn for his gracious mentorship of many younger tenebrionid workers, including the authors, and references the lack of a third pronotal horn in the species.

KEY TO THE KNOWN SPECIES OF

DICERODERES SOLIER

1. Elytron in lateral view rounded from base to apex ( Fig. 27 ); head with short ridge above eye, transverse excavation on frons, and tubercles on clypeus; parameres widest in basal half, gradually narrowing to apex ( Figs. 7, 11 ); apical tibial spine present on at least metatibia in male ........................................................................... 2

1′. Elytron in lateral view dorsally flattened, sharply declivous before apex ( Fig. 14 ); head lacking the above combination of characters, parameres nearly parallel-sided in basal ¾, sharply narrowing near apex ( Figs. 3, 5, 9 ); apical tibial spine absent in male................3

2. Elytron strongly depressed near scutellum; apical tibial spine present on all legs in male ( Fig. 35 ); Mexico: Veracruz, Oaxaca ............ ..................... D. subtriplehorni , new species

2′. Elytron weakly depressed near scutellum; apical tibial spine present only on hind tibia in male ( Fig. 27 ); Mexico: Chiapas .............. ............... D. ocozocoautlaensis , new species

3. Prosternal process declivous behind procoxae ( Fig. 31 ); frons with medial tubercle; Guatemala: Baja Verapaz, El Progreso ............................... .................................. D. skelleyi , new species

3′. Prosternal process raised behind procoxae ( Fig. 25 ); frons lacking medial tubercle......4

4. Frons lacking tubercles or depressions; pronotum strongly constricted near base; elytral disc flattened and lacking tubercles in basal half ( Fig. 24 ); Honduras: Cortés, Guatemala: Izabal ............................ D. cusucoensis , new species

4′. Frons with tubercles above eyes and often with transverse depression; pronotum weakly constricted near base; elytral disc convex and tuberculate in basal half ( Fig. 19 ); Mexico: Hidalgo, Puebla, and Veracruz ..................... .................................... D. mexicanus Solier

CLAVE PARA LAS ESPECIES CONOCIDAS DE

DICERODERES SOLIER

1. Élitros en vista lateral redondeados de la base al ápice ( Fig. 27 ); cabeza con una carina corta arriba del ojo, depresión transversa en la frente y tubérculos en el clípeo; parámeros con ancho máximo en la mitad basal, gradualmente estrechándose hacia el ápice ( Figs. 7, 11 ); espina apical tibial presente en al menos metatibia en el macho .................................................... 2

1′. Élitros en vista lateral dorsalmente aplanados, en declive abrupto antes del ápice ( Fig. 14 ); la cabeza careciendo de la combinación anterior de caracteres, parámeros con los lados casi paralelos en los ¾ basales, estrechándose abruptamente cerca del ápice ( Figs. 3, 5, 9 ); espina apical de la tibia ausente en el macho.......................... 3

2. Élitros fuertemente deprimidos cerca del escutelo, espina apical de la tibia presente en todas las patas del macho ( Fig. 35 ); México: Veracruz, Oaxaca ......................................... ................ D. subtriplehorni , nueva especie

2′. Élitros débilmente deprimidos cerca del escutelo; espina apical de la tibia presente solo en la tibia posterior del macho ( Fig. 27 ); México: Chiapas ............................................... ............. D. ocozocoautlaensis , nueva especie

3. Proceso prosternal en declive detrás de las procoxas ( Fig. 31 ); frente con tubérculo medio; Guatemala: Baja Verapaz, El Progreso ............ ................................ D. skelleyi , nueva especie

3′. Proceso prosternal elevado detrás de las procoxas ( Fig. 25 ); frente sin tubérculo medio ........................................................................ 4

4. Frente sin tubérculos o depresiones; pronoto fuertemente estrechado cerca de la base; disco elitral aplanado y sin tubérculos en la mitad basal ( Fig. 24 ); Honduras: Cortés, Guatemala: Izabal ........................................ .................. D. cusucoensis , nueva especie

4′. Frente con tubérculos arriba de los ojos y frecuentemente con una depresión transversa; pronoto débilmente estrechado cerca de la base; disco elitral convexo y tuberculado en la mitad basal ( Fig. 19 ); ( México: Hidalgo, Puebla, and Veracruz).................. D. mexicanus Solier

Figures

Figs. 3–12. Diceroderes species, aedeagi, dorsal and lateral views. 3–4) D. mexicanus, TB# 14740; 5–6) D. cusucoensis, holotype, TB# 14688; 7–8) D. ocozocoautlaensis, holotype, TB# 14689; 9–10) D. skelleyi, holotype, TB# 13105; 11–12) D. subtriplehorni, holotype, TB# 13109.

Fig. 23. Diceroderes species, distribution map. Triangles = D. mexicanus, white triangles are for morph one, gray/blue triangles for morph two. Stars = D. cusucoensis. Squares = D. ocozocoautlaensis. Diamonds = D. skelleyi. Circles = D. subtriplehorni.

Figs. 36–37. Diceroderes subtriplehorni, holotype

Figs. 38–39. Diceroderes subtriplehorni, allotype

Figs. 26–27. Diceroderes cusucoensis, allotype

Figs. 13–15. Diceroderes mexicanus, lectotype (male). 13) Dorsal habitus; 14) Lateral habitus; 15) Labels.

Figs. 34–35. Diceroderes skelleyi, allotype (female).

Figs. 30–31. Diceroderes ocozocoautlaensis, allotype (female). 30) Dorsal habitus; 31) Lateral habitus.

Figs. 24–25. Diceroderes cusucoensis, holotype (male).

Figs. 19–20. Diceroderes mexicanus, morph two specimen (male), TB# 14740. 19) Dorsal habitus; 20) Lateral habitus.