Anthobium reflexum ( Reitter, 1891 )

Shavrin, Alexey V. & Smetana, Aleš, 2019, A revision of Eastern Palaearctic Anthobium Leach, 1819 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Omaliinae: Anthophagini). III. Consanguineum, crassum and reflexum groups, and an additional species of the fusculum group, Zootaxa 4688 (4), pp. 451-482 : 470-474

Anthobium reflexum ( Reitter, 1891)

( Figs. 5, 8, 11, 14 , 17, 20, 23, 26, 29, 32, 35 , 38, 41, 44, 47 , 50, 73, 78–79, 82)

Lathrimaeum reflexum Reitter, 1891: 195

Lathrimaeum (Prionothorax) reflexum: Luze 1905: 68 ; Bernhauer & Schubert 1910: 65; Scheerpeltz 1961: 85; Coiffait 1970: 144; Tichomirova 1973: 27, 139; Kastcheev & Ishkov 2001: 101

Anthobium reflexum: Herman 2001: 237 ; Hlaváč et al. 2016: 2

Anthobium (Prionothorax) reflexum: Smetana 2004: 239 ; Schülke & Smetana 2015: 307

Type material examined: Lectotype (here designated) of Lathrimaeum reflexum Reitter, 1891 ♂ (very small silver round label without data is pinned under the card with the beetle): ‘ Lathrimaeum reflexum Tashkend. Typ’ <rectangular label, printed>, ‘ Holotypus Lathrimaeum reflexum Reitter’ <rectangular label, printed>, ‘ Lathrimaeum reflexum Rtt. [handwritten] V.I. Gusarov det. 1996’ <rectagular label, printed> ( ZIN).

Paralectotypes: 1 ♂: ‘460’ <small rectangular label, printed>, ‘ Lathrimaeum reflexum Rtt’ <rectangular label, handwritten>, ‘ Lathrimaeum reflexum Rtt. [handwritten] V.I. Gusarov det. 1996’ <rectangular label, printed> ( ZIN); 1 spec.: ‘Ср[едНЯЯ]. АЗиЯ [Middle Asia] | Tashkent [sic]’ <rectangular label, handwritten>, ‘ Paratypus [printed] Lathrima | eum reflexum | Reitter [handwritten]’ <red rectangular label> ( ZIN).

Additional material: KAZAKHSTAN: 2 ♂♂: ‘ КаЗах [ста]-Н; Аксу- | ДЖабаглы | В. КаЩеев [Kazakhstan; Aks-Dzhabagly (=Aksu-Zhabagly Nature Reserve) V. Kastcheev] 17.V.1985 ’, ‘ Holotypus Lathrima- | eum (Priono- thorax) | turcestanicum | Kastcheev’ ( ZIN) ; 3 ♀♀: ‘Аксу-ДЖабаглы, р. ДЖабаглы, 20.5.[19] 85 В. КаЩеев [Aksu- Dzhabagly, Dzhabagly R., 20.05.1985 V. Kastcheev]’, ‘ Lathrimaeum turcestanicum Kastcheev’ ( ZIN) ; 9 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀: same Nature Reserve and river. 22.06.1985. V. Kastcheev ( CS, ZIN) ; 2 ♂♂: same Nature Reserve and river, Kshi-Kaindy. 25.04.1979. V. Kastcheev ( ZIN) ; 1 ♀: same Nature Reserve and river, Ulken-Kaindy. 15.08.2001. V. Kastcheev ( ZIN) ; 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀: same Nature Reserve, Taldybulak River . 10- 20.05.1979. B. Iskakov ( ZIN) ; 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀: Aksu-Dzhabagly , kanyon Aksu R. 17.05.1988. V. Kastcheev ( CS) ; UZBEKISTAN: 1 ♂: right side of Chatkal River, Akbulak River . 01.05.1996. K. Grebennikov ( CK) ; 1 ♀: Chimgan [=Chimgon]. Bottom of the ravine, stream overgrown with horsetail, in litter. 07.04.1974. S.Yu. Gryuntal ( ZMM) ; KYRGYZSTAN: 1 ♂, 1 ♀: Sary-Chelek Nature Reserve Sary-Chelek Lake . 24.09.1983. A.B. Ryvkin (CR) ; 1 ♀: same Nature Reserve and lake. 2800 m a.s.l. 04.06.1996. A. Klimenko ( CS) ; TAJIKISTAN: 1 ♂, 1 ♀: ‘ТадЖикистаН | КоНдара 9.V.1965 | А. Тихомирова | в подстилке [Tajikistan, Kondara , 09.05.1965. A.L. Tichomirova. in litter]’ ( ZMM; collection of A.L. Tichomirova) ; 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀: ‘ТадЖикс[каЯ] ССР. Гис- | сарск. хр. КоНдара | в подстилке | 11/5-[19] 65 г. [А.Л.] Тихомирова [Tajik SSR. Gissar Mt., Kondara , in litter, 11.5.1965. A.L. Tichomirova]’ ( ZMM; collection of A.L. Tichomirova) ; 1 ♀: Kandara, Kvak Gorge. 1000 m a.s.l., near snow field. 20.05.1985. V.G. Shilenkov ( CS) ; 1 ♂, 1 ♀: ‘ Tadzhikistan | Dushanbe | IV’ ( ZMM) .

Redescription. Measurements (n=40): HW: 0.67–0.77, HL: 0.42–0.52; AL (averaged): 1.33; OL: 0.13–0.17; PL: 0.60–0.67; PW: 1.22–1.35; ESL: 1.17–1.47; EW: 1.37–1.60; AW: 1.31–1.42; MTbL (averaged): 0.80, MTrL (averaged): 0.35 (MTrL 1–4: 0.20; MTrL 5: 0.15); AedL: 0.63–0.66; TL: 2.49–3.90 (lectotype: 2.55).

Forebody flattened, moderately wide. Body yellow to reddish-brown, usually with somewhat darker apical part of head (some specimens with fully brown head), antennomeres 5–11 (or 6–11) and abdomen (sometimes only apical portions of abdominal tergites darker); mouthparts, antennomeres 1–4 (or 1–5) and legs yellow. Body shiny; head with distinct, transverse microsculpture between punctures, denser in middle portion between eyes and even more on infraorbital ridges; neck with dense isodiametric meshes; middle portion of pronotum with moderately dense transverse meshes, sometimes indistinct or lacking in mediobasal third; middle portion of scutellum with distinct isodiametric or transverse meshes, or without them; abdomen with distinct transverse microsculpture. Head with very dense, fine, coriaceous punctures, sometimes merging in middle portion between eyes, denser, larger and deeper on infraorbital ridges; apical margin of neck with very dense fine punctation; pronotum with dense, irregular punctation, finer and denser in middle and sparser, larger and deeper on lateral portions, sometimes with narrow, transverse impunctated area on mediobasal third; scutellum with moderately dense punctation, as that in middle portion of pronotum; punctation of elytra very dense, large and deep, somewhat sparser and finer in basal portion and along suture, with interspaces between punctures in middle as long as diameter of two-three nearest punctures, each elytron bearing five to six very vague and tangled longitudinal rows of punctures, replaced by confluent punctures in some specimens; abdominal tergites with dense, regular, fine and moderately deep punctation. Body glabrous; clypeus with several semierect moderately long tactile setae; abdominal tergites with regular, dense, very short setation. Habitus as in Fig. 73 and Figs. 2 (1a, 1b) in Tichomirova (1973).

Head moderately large ( Fig. 17 ), 1.4–1.5 times as wide as long; middle portion slightly elevated, sometimes with transverse paired impressions about at level of midlength of eyes, with wide longitudinal impressions between middle elevated portion and eyes; infraorbital ridges narrowly elevated along dorsal margin of eyes; grooves in front of ocelli indistinct and short; some specimens with semicircular impression in mediobasal portion between ocelli; surface between punctures in middle portion between eyes and on infraorbital ridges irregularly elevated; postocular ridge distinct, obtuse; surface between postocular ridge and posterior margin of eye as long as two-three nearest combined ommatidia; anterior portion between antennal insertion and anterior margin of eye with indistinct to distinct, wide, semicircular notch. Eyes moderately small, convex. Ocelli large, situated about at level of postocular ridges; distance between ocelli about twice as long as distance between ocellus and posterior margin of eye. Labrum wide, transverse, with rounded membranous latero-apical portions, moderately deep apical emargination and short basolateral projections ( Fig. 5 ). Mandibles short and moderately narrow, with somewhat obtuse apices, with distinct small, subtriangular tooth in about middle of right mandible ( Fig. 8 ). Submentum and labium narrow, with very short, transverse preapical labial palpomere ( Fig. 14 ). Apical segment of maxillary palp about twice as long as preceding segment; galea slightly swollen apically; lacinia moderately wide ( Fig. 11 ). Gular sutures with shortest distance between posterior margins of eyes ( Fig. 17 ). Antenna moderately short, slightly exceeding shoulders of elytra when reclined, with antennomeres progressively widened apicad from middle; length × width of antennomeres (averaged): 1: 0.18 × 0.07; 2–3: 0.13 × 0.06; 4: 0.11 × 0.06; 5: 0.12 × 0.06; 6–8: 0.10 × 0.07; 9–10: 0.10 × 0.08; 11: 0.16 × 0.08.

Pronotum large and transverse, about twice as wide as long, 1.7–1.8 times as wide as head, widest in middle, slightly more narrowed posteriad than anteriad; apical margin slightly rounded, markedly narrower than posterior margin; anterior angles rounded, very strongly protruded anteriad; posterior angles acute, with slightly emarginated posterolateral margins; edges of lateral margins with small irregular crenulation, somewhat flattened laterobasally; middle portion wide, slightly elevated, sometimes with moderately wide longitudinal impression in middle, usually with very wide, transverse impression in mediobasal third (longitudinal impression of some specimens reaching mediobasal impression, some specimens without distinct impressions); lateral portions wide, markedly reflexed, each with very deep oval pit in middle, sometimes middle elevation with additional very deep, transverse impression connecting with medio-lateral pits. Prothorax ( Fig. 20 ) with short acute intercoxal process, and moderately short protruded mesosternal processes, rounded apically. Mesothorax ( Fig. 29 ) with somewhat acute intercoxal process, almost reaching posterior margin of mesocoxae. Scutellum as in Fig. 23 . Metathorax as in Fig. 32 . Metendosternite as in Fig. 35 .

Elytra flattened, distinctly wider than long, twice as long as pronotum, slightly or distinctly widened posteriad from middle, reaching apical margin of abdominal tergite IV or V, with widely rounded apical angles and somewhat straight or slightly rounded apical margin truncated at suture; shoulders of elytra widely rounded, not protruded anteriad ( Fig. 26 ); lateral portions of elytra wide, markedly explanate, latero-apical margins with small, acute crenulation; sometimes surface of each elytron with very indistinct one to three longitudinal elevation in middle. Wings fully developed.

Legs moderately long and slender, tibiae covered by sparse elongate setae, with a few strong setae on apical margin near apex; metatarsus less than twice as long as metatibia.

Abdomen distinctly narrower than elytra, with a pair of small rounded tomentose wing-folding spots in middle of tergite V (some specimens without visible spots); apical margin of abdominal tegite VII with very fine palisade fringe.

Male. Protarsomeres 1–4 slightly widened. Apical margin of abdominal tergite VIII straight ( Fig. 38 ). Apical margin of abdominal sternite VIII emarginated ( Fig. 41 ). Aedeagus ( Fig. 78 ) narrow, long, with truncated apex of median lobe; parameres long and wide, slightly exceeding apex of median lobe, with two apical and two preapical setae; internal sac narrow and long. Aedeagus laterally as in Fig. 79 .

Female. Protarsomeres 1–4 narrow. Apical margin of abdominal tergite VIII emarginated ( Fig. 44 ). Apical margin of abdominal sternite VIII widely rounded ( Fig. 47 ). Genital segment as in Fig. 50 .

Comparative notes. Anthobium reflexum differs from the remaining species of the reflexum -group by the lateral edges of the pronotum without projections, and by the shape of the aedeagus and its interal structure.

Distribution. Anthobium reflexum is distributed in mountains of the central Asia in southern Kazakhstan, eastern Uzbekistan, western Kyrgyzstan and western Tajikistan ( Fig. 82 ).

Bionomics. The species is known mainly from high elevations and inhabits riparian, forest and swampy ( Reitter 1891) habitats, where it can be found in mosses ( Coiffait 1970), near streams, in litter and occasionally near snow fields.

Remarks. Lathrimaeum reflexum was originally described from unspecified number of specimens from “Taschkent” (see above), Turkestan (now Uzbekistan). Luze (1905) placed this species to the subgenus Prionothorax Luze, 1905 and redescribed it. Coiffait (1970) recorded the species from “Monts Tschingan” ( Uzbekistan). Kastcheev & Iskov (2001) recorded it from Aksu-Dzhabagly Natural Reserve, Kazakhstan (see revised specimens in the material section above). Tichomirova (1973) and Smetana & Schülke (2015) noted distribution of the species for Middle Asia (“Ср[едНЯЯ]. АЗ[иЯ]”) and Tajikistan, Uzbekistan (“TD TD [sic] UZ”) respectively.

The species is reported from Kyrgyzstan for the first time.

Figures

FIGURE 82. Distribution of Anthobium reflexum (black circles) and A. kashmiricum (black squares) in Central Asia.

FIGURES 3–14. Mouthparts (dorsal view) of Anthobium (3, 6, 9, 12—A. consanguineum, 4, 7, 10, 13—A. crassum, 5, 8, 11, 14—A. reflexum): 3–5—labrum, 6–8—mandibles (left and right), 9–11—maxilla (right), 12–14—labium and submentum. Scale bar: 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 15–35. Body parts of Anthobium (15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33—A. consanguineum, 16, 19, 22, 25, 28, 31, 34—A. crassum, 17, 20, 23, 26, 29, 32, 35—A. reflexum): 15–17—ventral aspect of head, 18–20—ventral aspect of prothorax, 21–23— scutellum (dorsal view), 24–26—ventral aspect of elytron, 27–29—ventral aspect of mesothorax, 30–32—ventral aspect of metathorax (without metanepisternum), 33–35—metendosternite (ventral view). Scale bar: 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 36–47. Abdominal segments of Anthobium (36, 39, 42, 45, 48—A. consanguineum, 37, 40, 43, 46, 49—A. crassum, 38, 41, 44, 47, 50—A. reflexum): 36–38—male tergite VIII (dorsal view), 39–41—male sternite VIII (ventral view), 42–44—female tergite VIII (dorsal view), 45–47—female sternite VIII (ventral view). Scale bar: 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 73–77. Habitus of Anthobium: 73—A. reflexum (Kazakhstan) 74—A. deplanatum (holotype), 75—A. gaoligongshanense (holotype), 76—A. kashmiricum, 77—A. transversale (holotype). Scale bar: 1.0 mm.

FIGURES 1–2. Habitus of species of Anthobium consanguineum-group: 1—A. consanguineum (holotype), 2—A. jaegeri (holotype). Scale bar: 1.0 mm.

FIGURES 78–81. Aedeagus of Anthobium reflexum (78–79: Kazakhstan) and A. kashmiricum (80–81: India, Kashmir): 78, 80—parameral view, 79, 81—lateral view. Scale bar: 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 48–50. Female genital segment (dorsal view) of Anthobium: 48–A. consanguineum, 49—A. crassum, 50—A. reflexum. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.