Kitching, Reinert & Harbach & Kitching, 2006, Reinert & Harbach & Kitching, 2006

Reinert, John F., Harbach, Ralph E. & Kitching, Ian J., 2006, Phylogeny and classification of Finlaya and allied taxa (Diptera: Culicidae: Aedini) based on morphological data from all life stages, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 148 (1), pp. 1-101 : 81-83

PATMARKSIA REINERT, HARBACH & KITCHING ,

GEN. NOV.

Type species: Leucomyia australiensis variety papuensis Taylor, 1914 .

Females

Head: Vertex with median area covered with narrow, curved, pale scales; occiput and vertex with erect forked scales; interocular space with patch of narrow, curved, pale scales projecting ventrad over mesal margins of eyes; eyes contiguous or nearly so; antennal pedicel with few short, fine setae and small, broad, nonoverlapping scales on mesal surface; clypeus bare; maxillary palpus and proboscis dark-scaled.

Thorax: Scutum with narrow, curved, dark scales except for moderate to broad median, longitudinal patch of white scales on approximately anterior 0.55–0.70 (white-scaled patch on acrostichal area and extending laterally over mesal part of dorsocentral area or to near lateral part of scutal fossa, but not on lateral part of scutal fossa), other scutal areas normally dark-scaled including supraalar and prescutellar areas (but not median, prescutellar bare area) (few species with white scales along lateral margin of prescutellar bare area); scutellum with narrow, curved scales on all lobes; acrostichal (both anterior and posterior) areas without setae, anterior dorsocentral area normally without setae (occasionally 1 seta on caudal part), posterior dorsocentral area with several setae; paratergite with broad, pale scales; postpronotum normally with patch of broad, scales ventrally and narrow, curved scales dorsally (no narrow scales seen in Pm. dobodura but this area rubbed in specimens examined; only narrow, curved, pale scales in Pm. anggiensis ); mesokatepisternum with upper and lower posterior patches of broad, pale scales; metameron bare.

Wing: Costa dark-scaled; upper calypter with several setae on margin; alula with row of narrow scales on margin; remigium with dorsal setae distally.

Legs: Ante- and postprocoxal membranes bare; hindfemur with dorsoapical patch of pale scales; tibiae dark-scaled (except narrow, pale-scaled, basal band in Pm. anggiensis ); hindtarsus with broad, basal, palescaled bands on tarsomeres 1–4.

Genitalia: Tergum VIII sclerotized, with numerous broad scales on distal part; sternum VIII sclerotized, length greater than width, normally moderate to large number of broad scales in lateral patches, apex with small to moderately deep, median emargination separating pair of small to broad lobes, apical margin with numerous short, curved setae, seta 2-S inserted posterior to seta 1-S; tergum IX comprising 2 moderately pigmented, narrow, lateral plates connected by basal or subbasal pigmented or membranous band, distal part of mesal surfaces of plates darkly pigmented and strongly fused to basolateral margins of cerci, without setae; postgenital lobe with several setae distally; upper vaginal sclerite small, moderately pigmented; lower vaginal sclerite absent; insula liplike, V-shaped medially (depressed), with setae in lateral patches; cercus moderately long, moderately wide, apex broadly rounded, without scales (rarely 1 or 2 scales present); 3 spermathecal capsules.

Males

Head: Maxillary palpus with 5 palpomeres, slightly shorter to slightly longer than proboscis, numerous long setae ventrolaterally on distal part of palpomere 3 and ventrolaterally on palpomere 4; antennal flagellar whorls with numerous long setae directed dorsally and ventrally.

Legs: Fore- and midtarsi with 2 ungues, both toothed.

Genitalia: Tergum IX comprising 2 narrow, lateral plates narrowly joined mesally, without setae; gonocoxite moderately long, moderately wide, mesal margin of dorsal surface without apical lobe but with small basal lobe bearing several short and moderately long, slender setae, ventral surface without specialized setae or scales on mesal margin, mesal surface membranous; gonostylus attached at apex of gonocoxite, moderately long, narrow, with single, short, narrow, gonostylar claw at apex; aedeagus simple, tubelike, moderately long, distal 0.50 widest; proctiger with cercal setae; claspette with single moderately long, slender, columnar stem, claspette filament attached apically, moderately long to long, somewhat flattened, relatively narrow with distal part tapering to slender apex, middle part with transparent sheaf with transverse striations encircling spiniform; sternum IX with setae on posteromedian area.

Pupae

Cephalothorax: Seta 11-CT single (rarely 2-branched in Pm. argyronotum ).

Abdomen: Seta 3-I long, stout, single, longer than 6-I; 6-I single, longer than 7-I; 2- II short, inserted lateral to 1- II; 3- II long, stout, single, longer than 6- II; 3- III long, stout, single, longer than 5- III; 5- IV, V long, stout, longer than following tergum; 6,9- VII both relatively stout, aciculate, branched; 9-VIII stout, aciculate, multiple-branched.

Paddle: Broad; apex broadly rounded or flattened; midrib nearly reaching apex; without hairlike spicules on margin; seta 1-Pa single.

Fourth-instar larvae

Head: Seta 1-C relatively stout, single; 4-C short, branched, inserted slightly posterior and mesal to 5-C; 5,6-C moderately long, multiple-branched, displaced far anteriorly, 6-C inserted lateral and slightly anterior to 5-C; 7-C moderately long, multiplebranched, inserted lateral and posterior to 4–6-C; 12-C short, branched, inserted mesal to 13-C; 13-C single; 14-C short, normally single; 19-C absent; antenna with few to numerous spicules, 1-A normally branched.

Thorax: Setae 1–3-P inserted on common setal support plate; 8-P short, normally branched; 1-M, T not on tubercle, 1-M moderately long, 1- T short; 6- T single.

Abdomen: Seta 7-I long, stout, normally single; 12-I present; 7- II short, branched; 7,10,12- VII single; 2,4- VIII single; segment VIII with comb normally with numerous scales in patch (some species with several scales in 1 or 2 irregular rows); segment X with saddle incomplete ventrally, moderately developed spicules on posterior margin dorsal to seta 1-X (occasionally spicules smaller), ventral brush with setae attached to grid with both transverse and lateral bars, seta 1-X single (except 2 or 3 branches in Pm. argenteitarsis and Pm. dobodura ), inserted on saddle.

Siphon: With attached acus; pecten with spines evenly spaced; seta 1-S branched, inserted distal to pecten.

Included species

Patmarksia anggiensis (Bonne-Wepster) , Pm. argenteitarsis (Brug) , Pm. argyronotum (Belkin) , Pm. buxtoni (Belkin) , Pm. clintoni (Taylor) , Pm. derooki (Brug) , Pm. dobodura (King & Hoogstraal) , Pm. hollandia (King & Hoogstraal) , Pm. mackerrasi (Taylor) , Pm. novalbitarsis (King & Hoogstraal) , Pm. palmarum (Edwards) , Pm. papuensis (Taylor) and Pm. subalbitarsis (King & Hoogstraal) .

Distribution

Australia (Queensland), Indonesia (Irian Jaya, Moluccas), Papua New Guinea and Solomon Islands (Guadalcanal, New Georgia).

Bionomics

Immature stages of Patmarksia species are found in plant containers (e.g. fallen palm fronds, coconut husks and leaves, treeholes, holes in fallen logs, cut bamboo, funnel-shaped fungi), artificial containers (e.g. metal cans, drum heads, flower bowls), and small puddles, ruts, borrow pits and rock pools in stream beds.

Discussion

See King & Hoogstraal (1946: pls 20, 21, 23) for illustrations of the male genitalia, fourth-instar larva and adults of Pm. papuensis, Penn (1949: fig. 35) for the pupa and Reinert (2002e: fig. 9) for the female genitalia.

Etymology

Patmarksia is named in honour of Dr Elizabeth Nesta Marks in recognition of her pioneering and outstanding contributions to the taxonomy of Australasian mosquitoes. The generic name is feminine, formed from her nickname ‘ Pat ’, her surname and the feminine Latin suffix ‘- ia ’. Recommended abbreviation = Pm.