Glyptapanteles philwardi Arias-Penna, sp. nov.

Arias-Penna, Diana Carolina, Whitfield, James B., Janzen, Daniel H., Winifred Hallwachs,, Dyer, Lee A., Smith, M. Alex, Hebert, Paul D. N. & Fernandez-Triana, Jose L., 2019, A species-level taxonomic review and host associations of Glyptapanteles (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae) with an emphasis on 136 new reared species from Costa Rica and Ecuador, ZooKeys 890, pp. 1-685 : 1

Glyptapanteles philwardi Arias-Penna, sp. nov. Figs 188 , 189

Female.

Body length 1.81 mm, antenna length 1.81 mm, fore wing length 1.91 mm.

Type material.

Holotype: COSTA RICA • 1♀; 10-SRNP-13014, DHJPAR0040387; Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Guanacaste, Sector Santa Rosa, Area Administrativa ; dry forest; 295 m; 10.83764, -85.61871; 01.viii.2010; Daniel H Janzen leg.; caterpillar collected in fifth instar and cocoons already formed; cocoons adhered to the larval cuticle; adult parasitoids emerged on 03.viii.2010; ( CNC) . Paratypes. • 72 (4♀, 5♂) (29♀, 34♂); 10-SRNP-13014, DHJPAR0040387; same data as for holotype; ( CNC) .

Other material.

Malaise-trapped material. COSTA RICA: Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Guanacaste, Sector Santa Rosa, Bosque San Emilio : • 1 (0 ♀, 0 ♂) (1♀, 0 ♂); 99-SRNP-18957, DHJPAR0013383; dry forest; Malasie; 300 m; 10.84389, -85.61384; 26.iv.1999; DH Janzen & W Hallwachs leg. • 1 (1♀, 0 ♂) (0 ♀, 0 ♂); 99-SRNP-19006, DHJPAR0013386; same data as for preceding except: 10.v.1999 . • 1 (1♀, 0 ♂) (0 ♀, 0 ♂); 99-SRNP-19017, DHJPAR0013380; same data as for preceding except: 17.v.1999 . • 1 (1♀, 0 ♂) (0 ♀, 0 ♂); 00-SRNP-23929, DHJPAR0013387; same data as for preceding except: 15.v.1999 .

Diagnosis.

Antenna as same length as body, anterior furrow of metanotum without setiferous lobes ( Fig. 188F ), distal antennal flagellomere subequal in length with penultimate, dorsal carina delimiting a dorsal furrow on propleuron present ( Fig. 188A, I ), surface of metasternum convex, precoxal groove deep with lineate sculpture ( Figs 188A, I , 189A ), fore wing with vein 1 cu-a curved, r vein curved ( Fig. 188H ), dorsal outer depression on hind coxa present ( Figs 188A , 189A ), inner margin of eyes diverging slightly at antennal sockets, petiole on T1 finely sculptured only laterally ( Fig. 188G ), and lateral grooves delimiting the median area on T2 clearly defined and reaching the distal edge of T2 ( Fig. 188G ).

Coloration

( Fig. 188 A–J ). General body coloration black except scape and pedicel yellow-brown with lateral brown band; all antennal flagellomeres brown on both sides; mandibles yellow-brown; labrum yellow; glossa, maxillary and labial palps, and tegulae ivory/pale yellow; metasternum and ventral furrow of pronotum lighter than mesosoma coloration. Eyes and ocelli silver. Fore and middle legs yellow-brown except light brown coxae, and claws brown; hind legs dark brown-black except trochanters and trochantellus yellow, femora dark although proximally yellow, medially yellow-brown and distally dark brown, tibia 1/3 proximal yellow and basitarsus proximally with a narrow yellow band. Petiole on T1 dark brown and sublateral areas yellow-brown; T2 with median and adjacent areas brown both forming a rectangle-shaped area, and lateral ends yellow; T3 almost completely brown, proximally dark area coinciding with width of dark median plus adjacent areas on T2, lateral ends yellow, additionally T3 distally with an ivory/pale yellow band; T4 and beyond completely brown; distally each tergum with an ivory/pale yellow transparent band. In lateral view, T1-3 yellow; T4 and beyond brown. S1-3 yellow; S4 and beyond brown.

Description.

Head ( Fig. 188 A–C ). Head rounded with pubescence long and dense. Proximal three antennal flagellomeres longer than wide (0.15:0.05, 0.15:0.05, 0.14:0.05), distal antennal flagellomere subequal in length with penultimate (0.08:0.04, 0.07:0.04), antenna as same length as body (1.81, 1.81); antennal scrobes-frons shallow. Face with depression only laterally, punctate-lacunose, interspaces wavy and longitudinal median carina present. Frons smooth. Temple wide, punctate-lacunose and interspaces wavy. Inner margin of eyes diverging slightly at antennal sockets; in lateral view, eye anteriorly convex and posteriorly straight. POL shorter than OOL (0.08, 0.11). Malar suture absent or difficult to see. Median area between lateral ocelli slightly depressed. Vertex laterally pointed or nearly so and dorsally wide.

Mesosoma ( Fig. 188A, E, F, I ). Mesosoma dorsoventrally convex. Mesoscutum proximally convex and distally flat, punctation distinct proximally with polished area distally. Scutellum triangular, apex sloped and fused with BS, scutellar punctation scattered throughout, interspaces wavy/lacunose, in profile scutellum convex and slightly higher than mesoscutum, phragma of the scutellum partially exposed; BS only very partially overlapping the MPM; ATS demilune with short stubs delineating the area; dorsal ATS groove with semicircular/parallel carinae. Transscutal articulation with small and heterogeneous foveae, area just behind transscutal articulation with a smooth and shiny sloped transverse strip. Metanotum with BM wider than PFM (clearly differentiated); MPM circular without median longitudinal carina; AFM without setiferous lobes and not as well delineated as PFM; PFM thick, smooth and with lateral ends rounded; ATM proximally with a groove with some sculpturing and distally smooth. Propodeum without median longitudinal carina, proximal half curved with medium-sized sculpture and distal half relatively polished; distal edge of propodeum with a flange at each side and without stubs; propodeal spiracle without distal carina; nucha surrounded by very short radiating carinae. Pronotum with a distinct dorsal furrow, dorsally with a well-defined smooth band; central area of pronotum smooth, but both dorsal and ventral furrows with short parallel carinae. Propleuron with fine punctations throughout and dorsally with a carina. Metasternum convex. Contour of mesopleuron straight/angulate or nearly so; precoxal groove deep with transverse lineate sculpture; epicnemial ridge convex, teardrop-shaped.

Legs. Ventral margin of fore telotarsus excavated with conspicuous curved seta over this excavation, fore telotarsus almost same width throughout and longer than fourth tarsomere (0.10, 0.06). Hind coxa with punctation only on ventral surface, dorsal outer depression present. Inner spur of hind tibia longer than outer spur (0.17, 0.14), entire surface of hind tibia with dense strong spines clearly differentiated by color and length. Hind telotarsus longer than fourth tarsomere (0.11, 0.08).

Wings ( Fig. 188H ). Fore wing with r vein curved; 2RS vein straight; r and 2RS veins forming a weak, even curve at their junction and outer side of junction not forming a stub; 2M vein slightly curved/swollen; distally fore wing [where spectral veins are] with microtrichiae more densely concentrated than the rest of the wing; anal cell 1/3 proximally lacking microtrichiae; subbasal cell with a small smooth area; vein 2CUa absent and 2CUb spectral; vein 2 cu-a absent; vein 2-1A present only proximally as tubular vein; tubular vein 1 cu-a curved and complete, but junction with 1-1A vein spectral. Hind wing with vannal lobe narrow, subdistally and subproximally straightened, and setae present proximally, but absent distally.

Metasoma ( Fig. 188A, D, G, J ). Metasoma laterally compressed. Petiole on T1 finely sculptured only laterally, virtually parallel-sided over most of length, but narrowing over distal 1/3 (length 0.24, maximum width 0.12, minimum width 0.06), and with scattered pubescence concentrated in the first distal third. Lateral grooves delimiting the median area on T2 clearly defined and reaching the distal edge of T2 (length median area 0.10, length T2 0.10), edges of median area polished and lateral grooves deep, median area broader than long (length 0.10, maximum width 0.19, minimum width 0.05); T2 with scattered pubescence only distally. T3 longer than T2 (0.12, 0.10) and with scattered pubescence only distally. Pubescence on hypopygium scattered.

Cocoons. Unknown.

Male

( Fig. 189A ). The metasoma looks wider and stouter than female.

Etymology.

Philip (Phil) S. Ward is a myrmecologist interested in systematics, biogeography, and evolution of ants, ant-plant mutualisms, phylogeny, and speciation. He works at the University of California, Davis, CA, USA.

Distribution.

The parasitized caterpillar was collected in Costa Rica, ACG, Sector Santa Rosa ( Área Administrativa), during August 2010 at 295 m in dry forest.

Adult parasitoids were collected in Costa Rica, ACG, Sector Santa Rosa (Bosque San Emilio) during April, May 1999 at 300 m in dry forest.

Biology.

The lifestyle of this parasitoid species is gregarious.

Host.

Undetermined species of Geometridae feeding on Pisonia aculeata ( Nyctaginaceae ). Caterpillar was collected in fifth instar.

Figures

Figure 188. Glyptapanteles philwardi sp. nov. female 99 - SRNP- 19017 DHJPAR 0013380, 00 - SRNP- 23929 DHJPAR 0013387, 10 - SRNP- 13014 DHJPAR 0040387 A Habitus B, C Head B Lateral view C Dorsal view D, J Metasoma D Dorsal view J Lateral view E Mesonotum, dorsal view F Scutellum, metanotum, propodeum, dorsal view G T 1 - 3, dorsal view H Fore and hind wings I Mesosoma, lateral view.

Figure 189. Habitus of Glyptapanteles philwardi sp. nov. male 10 - SRNP- 13014 DHJPAR 0040387 A Habitus.