Phyllogomphoides luisi González & Novelo, 1990

Torres-Pachón, Mónica, Novelo-Gutiérrez, Rodolfo & Ruiz-Sanchez, Eduardo, 2019, A synopsis of Phyllogomphoides Belle, 1970 (Odonata: Gomphidae) of Mexico: taxonomy and distribution, Zootaxa 4634 (1), pp. 1-67 : 27-29

Phyllogomphoides luisi González & Novelo, 1990

Phyllogomphoides luisi González-Soriano & Novelo-Gutiérrez, 1990: 35–40 [Folia Entomológica Mexicana (79)] (♂ and ♀) Phyllogomphoides luisi . Novelo-Gutiérrez (1993: 21) [Odonatologica 22 (1)] (larvae, ♂ ♀ reared)

Type. Paratype 3♂♂: México, Morelos, Municipio de Xochitepec, Km 18.3, Ruta 95 km S of Acatlipa, 26 June 1985, E. González y R. Mendoza leg. ( FSCA) ( RWG) .

Type repository. CNIN, UNAM (Not examined revised).

Material studied: Total specimens: 84♂♂, 13♀♀, distributed like thus: 40♂♂, 4♀♀ ( FSCA), 37♂♂, 9♀♀ ( IEXA), 1♂ ( RWG), 6♂♂ ( UNAM). MEXICO: Colima; 3 km SE Ixtlahuacan, La Toma (18º59’10.2’’N, 103º42’13.5’’W), 25 August 2006, E. Gonzalez leg., 4♂♂ . Estado de México; Km. 15.5 carretera Tejupilco-Amatepec, 1 km antes del Río San Felipe en dirección a Amatepec (18º48’5.52’’N, 100º09’40.23’’W), elevation 976m, 8 August 2008, R. Novelo et al. leg., 4♂♂ ; same locality but: 7 August 2008, 2♀♀ ; same locality but: 18 September 2009, 1♂, 2♀♀ . Michoacán; Aguililla (18º44’06.5’’N, 102º47’17.4’’W), elevation 1020m, 2 October 2005, R. Novelo et al. leg., 2♂♂ ; same locality but: 13 November 2005, 1♀ ; La Estanzuela , 12 August 1999, L. González leg., 1♀ ; Municipio Apatzingán, California (19º05’48.4’’N, 102º28’16.7’’W), elevation 280m, 12 July 2005, R. Novelo et al. leg., 2♂♂ ; same locality but: 22 August 2005, 1♂ ; same locality but: 14 November 2005, 1♂ ; Muni- cipio Chinicuila, Villa Victoria (18º45’20.2’’N, 103º22’2.7’’W), elevation 770m, 9 July 2005, R. Novelo et al. leg., 1♂ ; same locality but: 19 August 2005, 2♂♂ ; same locality but: 30 September 2005, 7♂♂, 1♀ ; Municipio Tepal- catepec, Río Pinolapa (19º01’09.3’’N, 103º0’42.9’’W), elevation 616m, 7 November 2005, R. Novelo et al. leg., 4♂♂ ; S. de Coalcomán, Villa Victoria , 3 November 2006, R. Novelo et al. leg., 1♂ . Morelos: Balneario on river S of Temixco on Libre 95, 21 July 1992, S.W. Dunkle leg., 4♂♂, 1♀ ; Km 183, Ruta 95, 5 km S of Acatlipa, 26 June 1985, V. García et al. leg., 2♂♂ ; Km 18.3, Ruta 95 km S of Acatlipa ( Flooded River ), Rio Sabinos , 7 July 1987, M.J. Westfall leg., 4♂♂ ; same locality but: 21 July 1992, K.J. Tennessen leg., 7♂♂, 2♀♀ ; Xochitepec, Jardines de Xochitepec, Río Sabinos , elevation 1080m, 26 June 1985, R. Novelo leg., 1♂ ; same locality but: 6 November 1986, 2♂♂, 1♀ ; same locality but: 14 October 1994, 4♂♂ ; same locality but: 25 September 1998, 3♂♂, 1♀ ; Mpo. Xochitepec, Km. 18.3 carr. 95 a 5 km al Sur de Acatlipa (18º46’8’’N, 99º14’15’’W), elevation 1100m, 26 June 1985, 3♂♂ (Paratypes); Xochitepec; MX-95 libre @ Balneario, Con campestre Rio Sabinos ?, 21 July 1992, W.F. Mauffray, 12♂♂, 1♀ ; Puebla [o] Cocoyotla, 3 km S on MX Ruta 421 most proximal of two side by side streams, 22 July 1992, W.F. Mauffray, 4♂♂ ; same locality but: 23 July 1992, 1♂ ; River on 421, 0.3 km N Pueblo Cocoyu [o]tla, 23 July 1992, S.W. Dunkle leg., 2♂♂ ; S of Temixco on Libre 95, Balneario , 21 July 1992, S.W. Dunkle leg., 1♂ ; stream in Pueblo Cocoyotla, Hwy , 421, 22 July 1992, K.J. Tennessen leg., 2♂♂ . Nayarit; Jumatán , 10 September 1980, E. González leg., 1♂ .

Description of male. Body dark brown, with five pale stripes on pterothorax.

Head: Face mostly pale; labium pale, submentum brown; labrum mostly pale with a wide blackish-brown band on anterior border, posterior border brown, with a small, brown, U-shaped median spot; mandibles pale basally, tips blackish-brown; anteclypeus pale; postclypeus pale with two light brown spots inferiorly; lower surface of antefrons light brown, upper of antefrons and postfrons mostly pale, a blackish-brown stripe at the union with vertex; antennal scape dark brown with apical rim creamy pale, pedicel dark brown, flagellum brown; vertex dark brown, depressed area between ocelli with a large, quadrate pale spot, ocelli yellow; occiput dark brown with a large, trapezoid, central pale spot, posterior border fringed with long, stiff, reddish-brown setae ( Fig. 24 ).

Thorax: Pronotum reddish-brown, with a pale middorsal spot on middle and posterior lobes. Pterothorax reddishbrown, with five pale stripes as shown in Fig. 24 ; middorsal thoracic carina pale; first antehumeral stripe connected to pale mesothoracic collar forming an inverted “7” reaching border of antealar crest superiorly; second antehumeral stripe narrow, ending at upper end in a circular spot close to antealar crest, rarely this stripe is discontinuous in two stripes; mesepimeral stripe two or three times wider than second antehumeral stripe, covering most of mesepimeron (90–95%), more or less parallel sided and widened at upper end; metepisternal stripe discontinuous, ocassionally continuous and covering almost the full-length of metepisternum, sometimes encircling the spiracle, and forming a circular spot superiorly; metepimeral stripe forming and inverted “L” and reaching subalar carina; metapleural suture with a pale stripe occupying 60–70% its length, sometimes reduced to a middle spot; metaposternum light brown; pectus brown. Legs: Femora light brown to reddish-brown, distally blackish-brown, anterior femora broadly pale ventrally; tibiae blackish-brown, armature black; tarsi and pretarsal claws black. Wings: Hyaline, tinged with brown at extreme base, venation dark brown, costae with a continuos well-defined yellow line in all the wings; second primary antenodal crossvein the 7th in FW, the 6th (left), the 7th (right) in HW; antenodal crossveins: FW 19–23, HW 13–18; postnodal crossveins: FW 11–16, HW 11–16; second serie antenodal crossveins in FW 20–23, HW 15–18; triangles 2 or 3-celled; subtriangle 2-celled in both wings, rarely 3-celled or without crossveins; supratriangles 2 or 3-celled, rarely 4-celled; anal triangle 4-celled; pterostigma dark brown.

Abdomen: Reddish-brown on S1–2, black on S3–7, S8–10 dark brown. Pale coloration creamy yellow as follows: a middorsal stripe and the ventral 0.60–0.70 of tergum on S1; a middorsal stripe on basal 0.80–0.90 of its length, auricles, and a posteroventral, narrow, vertical spot on S2; a middorsal stripe on basal 0.85–0.90 of its length, and a broad basoventral spot on basal 0.35–0.40 of S3; a middorsal stripe on basal 0.60–0.85 tapering posteriorly, a broad basoventral spot on basal 0.25–0.40 of S4; a thin middorsal stripe on basal 0.60–0.80 tapering posteriorly, a broad basoventral spot on basal 0.20–0.25 of S5; a middorsal spot on basal 0.10–0.15, a broad basoventral spot on basal 0.15–0.20 of S6; basal half of S7, sometimes 0.65–0.75 tapering posteriorly; S8, S9, and S10 without pale spots. Foliation on S8–9 well-developed and scalloped, foliation on S8 increasing gradually in width caudally, ending in a rounded lobe which surpasses by 0.40 mm the anterior margin of S9, its edge with a row of small spines on apical 0.10 of its length, maximum width of foliation 0.50–0.70 mm; foliation on S9 0.35–0.45 mm wide, the same width along the entire smooth margin ( Fig. 37 ). Accessory genitalia: Anterior lamina thick, entire, anterior margin undulate with a short, central convexity; in ventral view anterior hamuli tumid anteriorly, more than twice wider at base than the entire, rounded apex, with a large, subrectangular, excavate area on the lateroexternal surface; mesal margin notched at basal 0.60–0.70 (notch width 0.12–0.18 mm), posterior margin entire, widely rounded. Posterior hamuli subcylindrical, its inner edge convex posteriorly, with a large, stout, sharply pointed apical spine directed mesally, with abundant long and short whitish hairs ( Figs. 57–58 ). Vesica spermalis : V1 bifid with a tiny tooth on middle, V2–3 of usual type, V4 with 2 relatively short flagella not reaching posterior margin of V1. Caudal appendages: Cerci with abundant long setae, dorsally pale on apical 0.60–0.70 its length, basal 0.20–0.30 of ventral surface, and apices mostly black, a dorsomesal, acutely pointed, tooth, 0.38 mm length, at basal 0.74–0.80 and directed medially; in lateral view tips of cercus produced dorsally into a large, wide spine, and ventrally into an acuminate spine, 0.25–0.35 mm length; in ventrolateral view with a short, spine 0.10–0.15 mm length, at basal 0.20–0.25. Epiproct brown and sometimes pale posteriorly with few, short, whitish hairs; in dorsal view V-shaped, tips blunt, separate from each other by a distance of 0.70–0.78 mm; in lateral view, branches strongly up-curved ( Figs. 90–92 ).

Measurements (average in parenthesis): TL, 57.56–64.3 (60.62); AL, 41.5–47 (43.27); MWh, 8.1–8.3; FwL, 35–39 (36.91); HwL, 33.5–38 (35.66); FwW, 8.0–9 (8.46); HwW, 9.5–11 (10); HfL, 6.2–6.5; cerci length, 2.55–3.3 (2.85).

Female. Similar to male, with the following differences: Head: Labrum mostly pale with a wide blackishbrown band on anterior border, posterior border brown, with a large, wide, brown U-shaped median spot; antennal flagellum brown to black brown. Thorax: Second antehumeral stripe the narrowest and discontinuous; metaposternum pale. Wings: Antenodal crossveins: HW 14–16; postnodal crossveins: FW 14–16, HW 121–4; triangles 3-celled; subtriangle 2 or 3-celled in both wings; anal triangle 4 to 6-celled. Abdomen: A middorsal stripe and the ventral 0.90–0.95 of tergum on S1; a middorsal stripe on basal 0.90–0.95 of its length, and a posteroventral, wide, vertical spot on S2; a middorsal stripe on basal 0.80 tapering posteriorly, a broad basoventral spot on basal 0.25–0.30 of S4. Foliation on S8–9 moderately developed, scalloped, foliation on S8 increasing gradually in width caudally, ending in a small rounded lobe which surpasses slightly by 0.06 mm the anterior margin of S9, its edge with a row of small spines on apical 0.40–0.50 of its length, maximum width of foliation 0.32–0.50 mm; foliation on S9 reduced, the same width along the entire margin, 0.20–0.25 mm wide, its edge smooth ( Fig. 113 ). Vulvar lamina: Short, occupying 0.19 the length of S9; in ventral view ( Fig. 129 ) widely V-shaped, lobes triangular, reddish-black, with the most ventral margin black and beset with stiff light brown setae, tips rounded, separated each other by a distance similar to basal width of each lobe, dorsal margin sigmoid without a posterodorsal tubercle; in lateral view as in Fig. 130 . Caudal appendages: Cerci long, longer than S10, conical, sharply pointed, with abundant short setae, pale on apical 0.75–0.80 its dorsal length, and pale on 0.40–0.50 its ventral length ( Fig. 113 ); epiproct hardly visible dorsally.

Measurements (average in parenthesis): TL, 58.4–62 (60.26); AL, 43–46 (44.33); MWh, 8.2–8.7; FwL, 39.5–43 (40.83); HwL, 38–41 (39.5); FwW, 9.0–9.16 (9.05); HwW, 11–11.25 (11.12); HfL, 6.1–6.4; VlL, 0.42–0.44 (0.43); cerci length, 2.06–2.4 (2.2).

Comparative diagnostic notes. This species closely resembles P. enriquei (see notes under P. enriquei ). Females closely resembles P. apiculatus and P. danieli . Females can be differentiated from P. apiculatus and P. danieli by the following features (in parentheses): foliation on S8 increasing gradually in width caudally, inferior margin more or less straight (foliation on S8 increasing suddenly in width caudally and the inferior margin strongly convex). Similarily, P. luisi can be separated from other species by the mesal margin of anterior hamulus notched (mesal margin and apex entire [ P. suasus ], mesal margin of anterior hamulus broadly emarginate on distal half [ P. pacificus and P. indicatrix ]; from P. apiculatus and P. danieli by the anterior hamule with tooth or hook on mesal margin (anterior hamule lacking any kind of tooth or hook on mesal margin), and from the remaining species by the anterior hamulus with mesal margin notched and apex entire and rounded (anterior hamulus with mesal margin entire, with the apex cleft forming two subequal branches).

Flight season. June, July, August, September, October, and November.

Distribution. Colima, Estado de México, Michoacán, Morelos, Nayarit ( Fig. 148 ). Only in Mexico.

Natural history. The type locality is a shallow, rocky-bottomed river with some sections of sand, in some places the surrounding vegetation is a gallery forest, however this place was affected by human intervention with roads and deforestation ( González-Soriano & Novelo-Gutiérrez 1990). According to the records, this species has an altitudinal distribution in Mexico from 113 to 1293masl.

Figures

FIGURES 23–29. Head and thorax, lateral view. 23) P. indicatrix, male (alcoholic teneral specimen); 24) P. luisi, male; 25) P. nayaritensis, male; 26) P. pacificus, male; 27) P. pugnifer, male; 28) P. stigmatus, male; 29) P. suasus, male.

FIGURES 37–42. Abdominal segments S8–10 and caudal appendages, left lateral view. 37) P. luisi, male; 38) P. nayaritensis, male; 39) P. pacificus, male; 40) P. pugnifer, male; 41) P. stigmatus, male; 42) P. suasus, male.

FIGURES 53–62. Male accessory genitalia, ventral and ventrolateral view. 53–54) P. enriquei; 55–56) P. indicatrix (alcoholic teneral specimen); 57–58) P. luisi; 59–60) P. nayaritensis; 61–62) P. pacificus.

FIGURES 84–95. Male caudal appendages, dorsal, lateral and ventral view. 84–86) P. enriquei; 87–89) P. indicatrix (teneral preserved in alcohol); 90–92) P. luisi; 93–95) P. nayaritensis.

FIGURES 108–113. Female abdominal segments S8–10 and caudal appendages, left lateral view. 108) P. albrighti; 109) P. apiculatus; 110) P. bifasciatus; 111) P. danieli; 112) P. duodentatus; 113) P. luisi.

FIGURES 119–130. Female vulvar lamina, ventral and ventrolateral view. 119–120) P. albrighti; 121–122) P. apiculatus; 123–124) P. bifasciatus; 125–126) P. danieli; 127–128) P. duodentatus; 129–130) P. luisi.

FIGURES 147–148. Maps of geographical distribution. 147) P. indicatrix; 148) P. luisi.