Oxyporus (Oxyporus) rufus, Linnaeus, 1758

Tokareva, Alexandra, Solodovnikov, Alexey & Konstantinov, Fedor, 2020, Immature stages and biology of the enigmatic oxyporine rove beetles, with new data on Oxyporus larvae from the Russian Far East (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae), Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 60 (1), pp. 245-268 : 261

Оxyporus (Oxyporus) rufus Linnaeus, 1758

Published data. HEEGER (1853): description of L3; misidentified as O. maxillosus ( GANGLBAUER 1895, KASULE 1968); notes on hosts and behavior; LIPKOW (1997): distribution.

Larval morphology. Most characters given in the species description are common for Oxyporus . Species diagnosis of last instar: head pale brown, slightly longer than wide, sclerites on body reddish-brown.

Development. Only field observations. Egg: 8–12 days;

instars I–II: 8–12 days; instar III: 8–12 days; pupa: 10–14 days (see Discussion: General notes).

Behavior. According to HEEGER’ s (1853) field observations in Austria, adults burrow into the ground for overwintering from mid-September and reappear only in May, when they start to search for food and mating partners. Couples are reported to rarely stay together for more than 5 minutes; mating beetles change partners multiple times. In six to eight days after mating, females lay eight to 12 or 20 eggs. In cold conditions the period after mating and before oviposition may take even longer. Nevertheless, according to LIPKOW (1997), in northern Germany adults can be found from April to October, and their larvae – from the beginning of summer to October.