Cyrtodaria aff. rutupiensis ( Morris, 1852 )

Hryniewicz, Krzysztof, Amano, Kazutaka, Bitner, Maria Aleksandra, Hagström, Jonas, Kiel, Steffen, Klompmaker, Adiël A., Mörs, Thomas, Robins, Cristina M. & Kaim, Andrzej, 2019, A late Paleocene fauna from shallow-water chemosynthesis-based ecosystems, Spitsbergen, Svalbard, Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 64 (1), pp. 101-141 : 123

Cyrtodaria aff. rutupiensis ( Morris, 1852)

Fig. 18 .

Material. —One butterflied specimen ( NRM-PZ Mo 183943a–b) with valves opened but still attached, from the upper Paleocene, Zachariassendalen, Spitsbergen, Svalbard.

Measurements. —NRM-PZ Mo 183943a–b: L, 43 mm; H, 16.9 mm; W, 5.4 mm.

Description. —Shell elongate, weakly inflated, edentulous, moderately thick, covered with commarginal growth lines. Umbones positioned roughly mid-hinge line, not prominent, dorsal margin composed of two straight, weakly inclined, anterior and posterior sections. Anterior and posterior shell margins rounded, gaping; anterior somewhat more rounded than posterior. Ventral shell margin straight with very weak sinus close to mid-line. Anterior adductor muscle scar teardrop-shaped, elongated along anterodorsal margin. Posterior adductor muscle scar shorter but precise shape unknown.

Remarks. —Elongate bivalves with a medially positioned umbo and a shape similar to the specimen of Cyrtodaria aff. rutupiensis ( Morris, 1852) figured herein were previously described and figured from the Paleocene of Fossildalen as belonging to at least three species of Solecurtus Blainville, 1824 , by Hägg (1925: pl. 6: 25–27). As those specimens have no visible transverse ornament characteristic of species of Solecurtus ( Hägg 1925: pl. 6: 27), they likely do not belong to Solecurtus and could be assigned to Cyrtodaria . Livšic (1974) mentioned Cyrtodaria sp. occurring in the “Storvola Formation”, an obsolete name for the Eocene Aspelintoppen Formation ( Dallmann 1999) overlying the Basilika Formation. Since Livšic (1974) did not provide any figures, we are unable to relate our material to his report. Cyrtodaria rutupiensis ( Morris, 1852) , a common species occurring in Paleocene deposits of western Spitsbergen ( Strauch 1972), the Thanet Formation in Kent, UK ( Ward 1978), the Prince Creek Formation in northern Alaska ( Marincovich 1993), and the Mount Moore Formation of Ellesmere Island in Arctic Canada ( Marincovich and Zinsmeister 1991), is very similar to the current species. However, we are unable to perform a more thorough comparison because only one specimen was available. Solecurtus (Macha) sp. from the Paleocene of Fossildalen has been included ( Hägg 1925: pl. 6: 26) into the synonymy list of C. rutupiensis by Marincovich (1993), but we are unable to relate Solecurtus (Macha) sp. to our material. Cyrtodaria katieae Marincovich, 1993 , from the Paleocene Prince Creek Formation in northern Alaska, USA, is elongated similarly to the Paleocene species from Svalbard; however, the umbo of C. katieae is located nearer to the anterior than in the present species. Cyrtodaria? minuta Speden, 1970 , from the Maastrichtian Fox Hills Formation in South Dakota, USA, has a small, thin shell (L 6.5–12 mm) that broadens substantially towards the posterior ( Speden 1970: 139, pl. 35: 4–11); in our view, it belongs to Saxicavella Fischer, 1878 , rather than to Cyrtodaria .

Figures

Fig. 18. Hiatellid bivalve Cyrtodaria aff. rutupiensis (Morris, 1852) from the upper Paleocene, Basilika Formation, Zachariassendalen, Spitsbergen, Svalbard. NRM-PZ Mo 183943a–b, partial shell of a butterflied specimen with left (LV) and partial right valve (RV) preserved, showing external ornament of commarginal growth lines, and ridges on the inner shell surfaces supporting the posterior of anterior adductor muscle scar.