Nematovomycota Tedersoo & Esmaeilzadeh-Salestani, 2025

Tedersoo, Leho, Hosseyni Moghadam, Mahdieh S., Panksep, Kristel, Prins, Victoria, Anslan, Sten, Mikryukov, Vladimir, Bahram, Mohammad, Abarenkov, Kessy, Kõljalg, Urmas, Esmaeilzadeh-Salestani, Keyvan, Pawłowska, Julia, Wurzbacher, Christian, Ding, Yi, Alkahtani, Saad Hussin & Nilsson, R. Henrik, 2025, Thirty novel fungal lineages: formal description based on environmental samples and DNA, MycoKeys 124, pp. 1-121 : 1-121

Nematovomycota Tedersoo & Esmaeilzadeh-Salestani phyl. nov.

Type class.

Nematovomycetes Tedersoo & Esmaeilzadeh-Salestani.

Diagnosis.

Distinguishable from other fungi based on a diagnostic nucleotide signature in the LSU 5´end (positions 5–14 in the type species and S. cerevisiae cctgaawtta; one mismatch allowed). Forms a monophyletic, least inclusive clade in fungi, covering sequences EUK 1124405 , EUK 1137897 , EUK 1138000 , EUK 1105583 , EUK 1217236 , EU 162639, AB 971078, OL 869110, EUK 1217234 , EUK 1137920 , EUK 1124400 , AB 971072, EUK 1106088 , OQ 702947, GQ 330624, OQ 702883, JN 054659, JN 054675, OQ 702805, EUK 1100016 , EUK 1217270 , and EUK 1124397 (Fig. 1 ).

Notes.

Encoded as clade GS 46 in EUKARYOME v 1.9. Currently harbors Nematovomycetes (class. nov.) and potentially class-level groups represented by sequences EUK 1124405 (soil in Estonia), EUK 1137897 (lake sediment in Germany), EUK 1138000 (lake sediment in Germany), EUK 1105583 (marine water near Sweden), EUK 1217236 (lake sediment in Serbia), EU 162639 (lake water in France), AB 971078 (lake water in Japan), OL 869110 (lake water in Germany), and EUK 1217234 (brackish water sediment in Estonia). Nematovomycota comprises potentially 240–260 species. Detected in soil (49.3 % out of 458 records), sediments (26.4 %), and water (23.6 %). Seto et al. (2023) revealed connections to nematode eggs ( OQ 702805), rotifer eggs ( OQ 702883), or rotifers ( OQ 702947), suggesting parasitism on microfauna in contrasting environments. Recorded from high arctic to wet tropical biomes across all continents, including Antarctica.

Figures

Figure 1. Maximum Likelihood SSU- 5.8 S-LSU phylogram indicating placement of novel lineages in the fungal kingdom as highlighted in a coloured shade and red font. Previously described taxonomic clades are collapsed. All branches of Sumavosporidiomycetes and Gelotisporidiomycetes are shortened two-fold. Poorly supported branches with bootstrap values below 95 % / 99 % are indicated in blue. The original tree with bootstrap values and uncollapsed branches is indicated in Suppl. material 1.