Trypogeus Lacordaire, 1869

Vives, Eduard, 2015, Revision of the genus Trypogeus Lacordaire, 1869 (Cerambycidae, Dorcasominae), ZooKeys 502, pp. 39-60 : 40-43

Genus Trypogeus Lacordaire

Trypogeus Lacordaire, 1869: 236.

Toxotus (auct. nec Dejean, 1821).

Trypogeus Aurivillius, 1912; Boppe 1921; Hayashi and Villiers 1985; Chiang and Chen 2001; Vives 2007; Miroshnikov 2014.

Paranthophylax Gressitt, 1951: 50.

Paranthophylax Gressitt & Rondon, 1971.

Type species.

Trypogeus albicornis Lacordaire (by monotypy)

Description.

Anterior part of head with short rostrum. Long protruding mandibles, curved at the apex, the inner margin of the left mandible is sinuate and has no tooth whereas the margin of the right mandible is straight and has a sharp tooth in the middle. The neck is not narrowed or convex behind the eyes. Very long maxillary palpi, extending past the apex of the mandibles. Eyes moderately coarsely faceted; small and not very prominent. Antennae reaching or surpassing the apex of elytra in males, shorter in the females, the insertion is in front of the eyes as in other tribes of the Dorcasominae . The pronotum is subcylindrical, slightly wider than long at the level of the lateral protuberances, transverse in females, the anterior border is thin and simple and the posterior border is sinuate and margined. Discal area finely punctuate and presenting four or five gibbosities. Very short broad prosternum, the intercoxal process very narrow and dilated posteriorly. Procoxal cavities round and well extended towards the sides, almost reaching the lateral protuberance of the pronotum. Front coxae conical and protruding. Sides of the pronotum with a slight border in front of the protuberances. Mesocoxae closer together in males (Fig. 9), and more broadly separated by the mesosternal process in the females (Fig. 10). Triangular scutellum with rounded apex. Elytra not very long, flattened and strongly narrowed in the middle, slightly dehiscent at apex. In the females the elytra do not usually cover the abdomen and leave some terminal abdominal segments uncovered, particularly when it is swollen with eggs. The epipleura are well delimited and flattened. Wings (Fig. 1) are present and well developed in both males and females; they are translucent and somewhat darkened, the radial cell closed and the anal cell open, with simplified venation. Short slender legs, the femurs dilated in the middle and tibiae straight and widened at the apex. Female metatarsi are strongly dilated (Fig. 2), particularly the first two tarsomeres which are wider than the apex of the tibiae. The male aedeagus (Fig. 3) is long and slightly arched, acuminated at the apex, the lower lamina is distinctly longer than the upper. Very simple endophalus lacking interior sclerites (Fig. 14). Short narrow tegmen (Fig. 4) with long slender acuminated parameres, bearing about six long golden apical setae. In general the morphology of the male copulatory organ differs little between species. There are only small differences in the shape of the apex of the aedeagus and in the apical setae on the parameres of the tegmen (Figs 11-13). The integument is generally testaceous yellow with a dark elytral border in some species. The males are darker and generally part of the prothorax and legs is black, whereas the legs of the females are always yellow. Brown and yellowish antennae with the last segments usually almost white.

Remarks.

The genus Trypogeus was described by Lacordaire (1869) in order to include his new species Trypogeus albicornis , from Malaysia. He assigned the new genus to his division " Cohorte II. Cérambycides vrais souterrains ", basically due to the morphology of the intercoxal protuberance on the metasternum, narrow and triangular in the males, wide and rounded in the females. The genus Trypogeus was included in the tribe Apatophysides because of its robust maxillary palpi, much longer than the labial palpi and also the weakly narrowed neck. Subsequently, with the exception of Lacordaire, the genus Trypogeus was considered as belonging in the subfamily Lepturinae ; Boppe (1921) and Aurivillius (1912) included it in the tribe Toxotini . Nonfried (1894) described Toxotus fuscus from Sumatra (this was a misidentification of Philus ophthalmicus Pascoe), and Aurivillius (1912) later transferred it unduly to the genus Trypogeus . Gressitt (1951) described the genus Paranthophylax in order to include his new species Paranthophylax sericeus Gressitt from southern China and Artelida asiatica Matsushita, 1933 and placed that genus in the tribe Xylosteini ( Lepturinae ). Gressitt and Rondon (1970) also transferred Toxotus superbus Pic, 1922 to Paranthophylax . Hayashi and Villiers (1985) retained the genus Trypogeus in the tribe Xylosteini ( Lepturinae ) together with Formosotoxotus Hayashi, synonymized Paranthophylax with Trypogeus and placed in this genus Toxotus aureopubens Pic, 1903 and Toxotus superbus Pic, 1922 in addition to Trypogeus javanicus Aurivillius, 1925, and Trypogeus apicalis Fisher, 1936. They moved Artelida asiatica to the genus Formosotoxotus . Vives (2005 and 2007) described Trypogeus cabigasi from the Philippines and Trypogeus barclayi from Borneo, Holzschuh (2006) described Trypogeus coarctatus from Java, Indonesia, and Miroshnikov (2014) described two additional species, Trypogeus murzini and Trypogeus gressitti , so that currently the genus contains twelve known species. Of these, I hereby synonymize Trypogeus apicalis Fisher, 1936 with Trypogeus javanicus Aurivillius, 1925. Trypogeus fuscus sensu Hayashi and Villiers (1985) and Vives (2007) (nec Nonfried, 1894) should be assigned to Trypogeus coarctatus Holzschuh, 2006, because Toxotus fuscus Nonfried is a misidentification of Philus ophthalmicus ; therefore, the genus would be reduced to ten species.

Trypogeus albicornis Lacordaire, 1869 W Malaysia, Java

Trypogeus aureopubens Pic, 1913 China (Yunnan), Thailand

Trypogeus barclayi Vives, 2007 Borneo

Trypogeus cabigasi Vives, 2005 Philippines (Mindanao)

Trypogeus coarctatus Holzschuh, 2006 Sumatra

Trypogeus gressitti Miroshnikov, 2014 Laos

Trypogeus javanicus Aurivillius, 1925 Java

Trypogeus murzini Miroshnikov, 2014 Cambodia

Trypogeus sericeus (Gressit, 1951) China (Fujian, Sichuan)

Trypogeus superbus (Pic, 1922) Laos, Vietnam

Keys for the identification of species

1	Disc of pronotum with five gibbosities	2
-	Disc of pronotum with four gibbosities	3
2	Colour reddish, matte, clothed in brown and gold pubescence. Pronotum with a very sharp lateral spine. Female with completely yellow pronotum. Yunnan	Trypogeus aureopubens (Pic)
-	Colour testaceous, with golden pubescence and slightly sharp spine. Female with completely yellowish pronotum and antennae, 16.5 mm. China	Trypogeus sericeus (Gressitt)
3	Golden-yellow scutellum, sometimes blackish at the base. Head and pronotum partially black and partially yellow	4
-	Head, pronotum and scutellum of the male completely black. Female not known. Cambodia	Trypogeus murzini Miroshnikov
4	Blackish-brown antennae with the exception of segments (9) 10 and 11 that are almost completely white	5
-	Antennae almost black or a testaceous brown throughout their whole length. Teguments almost black. Black scapus, labrum, clypeus, frons, elytra except for margins. Female with black pronotum and elytra black at both sides. Java	Trypogeus javanicus Aurivillius
5	Elytral teguments mostly yellowish. Antennae with segments 1-6 reddish	6
-	Teguments almost black, clothed in golden tomentum. Antennae with all segments reddish brown except 11, which is white, 17 mm. Female not known. Sumatra	Trypogeus coarctatus Holzschuh
6	Black antennae, base of segments 3-8 reddish, apical part of 9-11 white. Brown-yellow elytra, clothed in silver tomentum, sides blackish and dark spots on the disc, 15 mm. Female with entirely brownish yellow teguments, silky, 16 mm. Vietnam, Laos	Trypogeus superbus (Pic)
-	Brown antennae with segments 1-2 testaceous, segments 3-8 black and 9-11 white	7
7	Teguments yellow, clothed in silky golden tomentum. Pronotum with 4 discal gibbosities	8
-	Yellowish-brown teguments, clothed in silky golden tomentum. Pronotum with yellow disc, black at both sides, 11 mm. Female with yellow legs and antennae segments 3-8 black. Malaysia	Trypogeus albicornis Lacordaire
8	Elytra entirely yellow with blackish apical apex	9
-	Elytra completely brown with blackish sides, basal area yellowish, 12.5 mm. Female not known. Laos	Trypogeus gressitti Miroshnikov
9	Pronotum with discal area yellowish and black sides, 11.5 mm. Female with yellowish pronotum. Philippines	Trypogeus cabigasi Vives
-	Pronotum with discal area yellowish, anterior and posterior parts dark, 11 mm. Females completely yellowish, except for the dark elytral apex. Brunei, Borneo, Kalimantan, Sabah	Trypogeus barclayi Vives