Craugastoridae

Padial, José M., Grant, Taran & Frost, Darrel R., 2014, Molecular systematics of terraranas (Anura: Brachycephaloidea) with an assessment of the effects of alignment and optimality criteria, Zootaxa 3825 (1), pp. 1-132 : 51

Craugastoridae

This taxon is equivalent to Craugastoridae of Pyron & Wiens (2011) except for the inclusion of Ceuthomantis (see below). The family Craugastoridae was originally named by Hedges et al. (2008a) to accommodate a primarily Middle American clade that included most species traditionally assigned to the subgenus Craugastor —first recognized as a clade on the basis of molecular evidence by Crawford & Smith (2005) and Frost et al. (2006) —plus an unexpected companion from the Atlantic Forest of eastern Brazil as its sister taxon, “ Eleutherodactylus ” binotatus , which was placed by Hedges et al. (2008a) in their new genus Haddadus together with H. plicifer . More recently, Pyron & Wiens (2011) found Strabomantis to be the sister of Haddadus and Craugastor . Because Strabomantis is the type genus of Strabomantidae ( Hedges et al. 2008a), in order to rectify the paraphyly of Craugastoridae , Strabomantidae must be considered a junior synonym of Craugastoridae . Our analyses strongly corroborate this finding, with the inclusive Craugastoridae as sister of Brachycephalidae in the TA + PA results. Craugastoridae is composed of three major clades that we recognize as subfamilies Craugastorinae , Holoadeninae , and Pristimantinae ( Figure 22 ).

Figures

FIGURE 22. Schematic representation of the new family- and genus-level taxonomy of Brachycephaloidea presented in this study as derived from the results of tree-alignment + parsimony phylogenetic analyses of nucleotide sequences. The placement and affinities of Dischidodactylus and Niceforonia are based on morphological synapomorphies (see text).