Reptadeonella brasiliensis, Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Sanner, Joann & Vieira, Leandro M., 2015

Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Sanner, Joann & Vieira, Leandro M., 2015, Taxonomy of recent Adeonidae (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata) from Brazil, with the description of four new species, Zootaxa 4013 (3), pp. 348-368 : 357-361

Reptadeonella brasiliensis n. sp.

( Figs 19–28 ; 39, 40, Table 1 )

Microporella violacea: Kirkpatrick 1890: 504 . [ Brazil: Fernando de Noronha] Not Lepralia violacea Johnston, 1847: 325 , pl. 57, fig. 9. [British Isles]

Adeona heckeli: Canu & Bassler 1928a: 36 (in part), pl. 8, fig. 5, 6. [ Brazil: Bahia] Not Cellepora heckeli Reuss, 1847: 85 , pl. 10, fig. 10 [Fossil: Austria]

Reptadeonella violacea: Souza 1989: 499 , pl. 1, fig. 5. [ Brazil: Bahia]

Reptadeonella violacea: Machado & Souza 1994: 259 , fig. 10. [ Brazil: Atol das Rocas] Reptadeonella violacea: Vieira et al. 2008: 24 (in part). [ Brazil; checklist]

Not Adeona violacea: Marcus 1939: 147 , pl. 10, fig. 18. [ Brazil: São Paulo]

Not Adeona violacea: Marcus 1949: 24 , figs 34–36. [ Brazil: Espírito Santo; = Reptadeonella cucullata n. sp.]? Adeona violacea: Braga 1967: 11 , fig. 6, photo 7. [ Brazil: Rio de Janeiro]

? Adeona violacea: Braga 1968: 13 . [ Brazil: Rio de Janeiro]

Reptadeonella sp.: Almeida et al. 2015: 4 (in part) [ Brazil: Bahia; checklist]

Material examined. Holotype: UFBA 363, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, 12°57' S, 38°21' W, intertidal, coll. April 2012 by LABPOR-UFBA. Paratypes: UFBA 352–353, UFBA 357, UFBA 359, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, 12°57' S, 38°21' W, intertidal, coll. March 2012 by LABPOR-UFBA; UFBA 594, Camaçari, Bahia, Brazil, 12°43' S, 38°02' W, 24 m, coll. July 2000; USNM 8569, Adeona heckeli, F. Canu & R. Bassler det., Bahia, Brazil, coll. 1877 by Steamer Norseman; UFPE 0 0 1, Jatiúca, Alagoas, Brazil, 9°39'10'' S, 35°41'40'' W, intertidal, coll. 13 January 2006 by L.M. Vieira; UFPE 0 0 2, Saco da Pedra, Marechal Deodoro, Alagoas, Brazil, 9º44'41'' S, 35º49'10'' W, intertidal, coll. 20 March 2003 by L.M. Vieira & M.D. Correia. Additional specimens: MZUSP 220, Pacheco, Caucaia, Ceará, Brazil, 3°31.14' S, 38°28.1' W, intertidal, coll. 20 August 2009 by L.M. Vieira (PROCAD); MZUSP 221, Fleixeiras, Trairi, Ceará, Brazil, 3º13.33' S, 39º15.02' W, intertidal, coll. 22 August 2009 by L.M. Vieira (PROCAD); NHMUK 1888.4.16.17, Reptadeonella violacea, H.N. Ridley det., San Antonio Bay, Fernando de Noronha, Brazil; UFAL 0 0 1, UFAL 261, Sereia, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil, 9º33'55'' S, 35º38'40'' W, intertidal, coll. 2011 and 2007 by L.M. Vieira & M.D. Correia; UFAL 0 12, Garça Torta, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil, 9º35'10'' S, 35º39'41'' W, intertidal, coll. 0 6 March 2000 by M.D. Correia; UFAL 0 0 6, UFAL 0 11, UFAL 0 13, Ponta Verde, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil, 9º40'05'' S, 35º41'30'' W, intertidal, coll. 2002 and 2003 by L.M. Vieira & M.D. Correia; UFAL 0 14, Jatiúca, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil, 9º39'10'' S, 35º41'40'' W, intertidal, coll. 2002–2007 by L.M. Vieira & M.D. Correia; UFAL 0 27, UFAL 0 42, Francês, Marechal Deodoro, Alagoas, Brazil, 9°46'33" S, 35°50'06" W, intertidal, coll. 2003, L.M. Vieira & M.D. Correia; UFAL 0 53, Saco da Pedra, Marechal Deodoro, Alagoas, Brazil, 9º44'41'' S, 35º49'10'' W, intertidal, coll. 12 September 2003 by L.M. Vieira & M.D. Correia; UFAL 060–061; UFAL 0 87, UFAL 112, UFAL 192, UFAL 201, UFAL 235, UFPE 0 0 3, Pajuçara, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil, 9º40'49'' S, 35º43'05'' W, intertidal, coll. 2004–2007 by L.M. Vieira & M.D. Correia; UFAL 068–069, UFAL 243, UFAL 279, UFPE 0 0 8, Riacho Doce, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil, 9º34'42'' S, 35º39'19'' W, intertidal, coll. 2006–2008 by L.M. Vieira & M.D. Correia; UFAL 0 95, UFAL 106, UFAL 185–186, UFAL 230, UFPE 0 0 7, Amores, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil, 9º40'40'' S, 35º42'10'' W, intertidal, coll. 2006 and 2007 by L.M. Vieira & M.D. Correia; UFAL 240, Ponta do Prego, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil, 9º31'30'' S, 35º35'10'' W, intertidal, coll. 0 6 April 2007 by M.D. Correia; UFAL 292, UFAL 306–308, Ponta do Meirim, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil, 9º32'33'' S, 35º36'48'' W, intertidal, coll. 2008 and 2009 by L.M. Vieira & M.D. Correia; UFBA 368, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, 12°57' S, 38°21' W, intertidal, coll. April 2012 by LABPOR-UFBA; UFBA 903–904, UFBA 913, UFBA 975, Todos os Santos Bay, Bahia, Brazil, 12°35' S to 13°07' S and 38°29' W to 38°48' W, coll. 1997 and 2007 by O. Alves & C. Sampaio; UFBA 1101, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil, 7°08' S, 34°47' W, intertidal, coll. January 2015 by V.A. Gomes; UFPE 014–015, Ponta de Pedras, Goiana, Pernambuco, Brazil, 7º37' S, 38º48'51'' W, intertidal, coll. 2014 and 2015 by A.C.S. Almeida and T.E. Cavalcanti.

Diagnosis. Reptadeonella with peristome surrounded by small nodules, suboral areolar pore large and elliptical, zooids with 1–2 frontal areolar pores frequently replaced by suboral avicularium and crescentic spiramen.

Etymology. The epithet alludes to the Brazilian type locality.

Description. Colony encrusting, multiserial, uni-to multilaminar, forming extensive crusts, with deep-purplecolored cuticle. Zooids hexagonal to rhomboidal, longer than wide, delimited by slightly raised lateral margins. Frontal shield heavily calcified, finely granular, marginally punctured by a single row of 18–26 relatively large areolar pores; rarely an additional row of pores may be present with increasing calcification. Primary orifice approximately 15% of total length of frontal shield, transversely elliptical, wider than long. Peristomial rim transversely oval to semicircular, with areolar pores around distal margin and sometimes with small nodules. A transversely narrow areolar pore immediately proximal to peristomial rim, visible in many zooids. 1–2 frontal areolar pores, frequently replaced by avicularium. Suboral avicularium median, not large, 0.045–0.079 mm long, straight, or directed slightly obliquely, in heavily calcified area at proximal margin of peristome and extending to one-third zooid length; rostrum acutely triangular, opesial end with thin, steeply sloping granular cryptocyst; a pair of minute condyles placed one-third length. Spiramen depressed, small, crescentic, proximal to avicularium. Gonozooids not recognized.

Remarks. Reptadeonella brasiliensis n. sp. was first reported from Brazil (Fernando de Noronha) as Microporella violacea (Johnston) ( Kirkpatrick 1890) . Canu & Bassler (1928a) recorded it from the coast of Bahia, but misidentified it as Adeona heckeli Reuss, 1847 , a fossil species recognized to be a junior synonym of Reptadeonella violacea ( David & Pouyet 1974) . Canu & Bassler (1928a) also attributed the name Adeona heckeli to specimens from Rio de Janeiro State. We cannot locate these specimens so only specimens from Bahia are now assigned to R. brasiliensis n. sp. ( Figs 25–28 ).

Over the years, specimens of R. brasiliensis n. sp. have continued to be misassigned to R. violacea ( Souza 1989; Machado & Souza 1994). However, according to most recent studies ( Winston 1986, 2005; Hayward & McKinney 2002; Cheetham et al. 2007; Vieira et al. 2008), R. violacea is a warm-temperate species and records from the tropical western Atlantic may represent more than one species. Reptadeonella brasiliensis n. sp. differs from R. violacea in having a single row of marginal areolar pores ( R. violacea frequently has double row; see Hayward & McKinney 2002, fig. 19D; Souto et al. 2015, fig. 12), one or two frontal such pores placed proximal to the orifice that are frequently replaced by the suboral avicularium (not recognized in R. violacea ), and a crescentic spiramen (rounded in R. violacea ; see Hayward & McKinney 2002, fig. 19E; Souto et al. 2015, fig. 12).

Brazilian specimens reported by Marcus (1939, 1949) as Adeona violacea refer to two distinct species. Specimens from São Paulo (specimen missing from Ernst Marcus collection at MZUSP) are distinguished from R. brasiliensis n. sp. in having larger suboral avicularia and an oval spiramen; these specimens may belong to an undescribed species. Specimens from Espírito Santo (MZUSP 1246–1248; MZUSP 1256) designated as form plagiopora ( Marcus 1949, figs 35–36), have zooids with a double row of areolar pores, and suboral avicularia curving laterally; these specimens are here reassigned to R. cucullata n. sp. (see below). Braga (1967, 1968) reported Adeona violacea from Rio de Janeiro but these specimens differ from R. brasiliensis n. sp. in having larger suboral avicularia; they require further examination in order to elucidate their real identity.

Reptadeonella brasiliensis n. sp. is the only Reptadeonella species that sometimes has one or two frontal suboral pores in lieu of the suboral avicularium. The species is one of the commonest intertidal cheilostomes from NE Brazil, where it is often found encrusting other bryozoans and rocks. Colonies can form extensive crusts and have deep-purple pigmentation when alive ( Figs 39–40 ).

Distribution. Atlantic: Brazil (Ceará to Bahia; Fernando de Noronha), intertidal to sublittoral (49 meters).

Figures

FIGURES 19 – 24. Reptadeonella brasiliensis n. sp.: 19, general aspect of colony surface; 20, group of autozoids; 21, autozooids with 1 – 2 subperistomial areolar pores, two frontal avicularia, and spiramina; 22, autozooids showing nodular peristomial rims, avicularia and spiramina (Figs 19 – 22, UFBA 363, holotype, Bahia State, Brazil). 23, autozooid with a pair of frontal areolar pores; 24, autozooid, with avicularium and spiramen (Figs 23, 24, UFPE 0 0 1, paratype, Alagoas State, Brazil). Scale bars: 19 = 500 µm; 20 = 200 µm; 21, 22 = 100 µm; 23, 24 = 150 µm.

FIGURES 25 – 28. Reptadeonella brasiliensis n. sp., USNM 8569, paratype, Bahia State, Brazil: 25, colony surface; 26, zooids at growing edge showing differentiating avicularian chambers; 27, 28, autozooids showing avicularia and spiramina (occluded in many zooids). Scale bars: 25 = 250 µm; 26 – 28 = 100 µm.

FIGURES 37 – 42. Colonies of Reptadeonella species: 37, Reptadeonella bipartita (UFBA 266, Bahia State, Brazil), encrusting colonies on large calcareous nodule. 38, Reptadeonella aspera n. sp. (UFBA 994, paratype, Bahia State, Brazil), encrusting colonies on calcareous nodules. 39 – 40, Reptadeonella brasiliensis n. sp., uncatalogued specimen from Alagoas State, Brazil (Fig. 39) and uncatalogued specimens, Bahia State, Brazil (Fig. 40). 41, Reptadeonella cucullata n. sp. (UFBA 637, holotype, Bahia State, Brazil), encrusting multilaminar colonies. 42, Reptadeonella leilae n. sp. (UFBA 1026, paratype, Bahia State, Brazil), encrusting colonies on calcareous nodules. Scale bars: 37 = 2 cm; 38 = 2 mm; 41, 42 = 5 mm.