Tanaecium pyramidatum (Rich.) L.G.Lohmann, Nuevo Cat. Fl. Vasc. Venezuela 274. 2008.

Frazao, Annelise & Lohmann, Lucia G., 2019, An updated synopsis of Tanaecium (Bignonieae, Bignoniaceae), PhytoKeys 132, pp. 31-52 : 42

15. Tanaecium pyramidatum (Rich.) L.G.Lohmann, Nuevo Cat. Fl. Vasc. Venezuela 274. 2008. Fig. 1F

Bignonia pyramidata Rich., Actes Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 1: 110. 1792.

Tabebuia pyramidata (Rich.) DC., in A. DC., Prodr. 9: 214. 1845.

Paragonia pyramidata (Rich.) Bureau, Konigl. Danske Vidansk. Selsk. Skr., Naturivdensk. Math. Afd., ser. 6, 6: 422. 1892. Type: French Guiana. Cayenne, s. d., J. B. Leblond 292 (holotype, P-LA [P00358235]!; isotype, P-LA [P00358236]!).

Habitat and distribution.

Tanaecium pyramidatum is widespread throughout the Neotropics, where it is found in dry and wet vegetation in Belize (Cayo, Toledo, Stann Creek, Belize, Orange Walk, Corozal), Bolivia (Beni, Cochabamba, La Paz, Pando, Santa Cruz), Brazil (Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Bahia, Ceará, Distrito Federal, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraíba, Paraná, Pernambuco, Piauí, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Rondônia, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo, Tocantins), Colombia (Amazonas, Antioquia, Atlántico, Boyacá, Caquetá, Chocó, Córdoba, Cundinamarca, Guaviare, Magdalena, Meta, Nariño, Putumayo, Santander, Valle del Cauca, Vaupés), Costa Rica (Alajuela, Guanacaste, Heredia, Limón, Puntarenas, San José), Ecuador (El Oro, Esmeraldas, Guayas, Loja, Los Ríos, Manabí, Napo, Pastaza, Pichincha, Sucumbíos, Zamora-Chinchipe), El Salvador ( Ahuachapán, La Libertad, Usulután), Guatemala (Alta Verapaz, Izabal, Petén), French Guiana (Cayenne, Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni), Guyana (East Berbice, Rupununi, West Demerara), Honduras ( Colón, El Paraíso, Gracias a Dios, Islas de la Bahía, Olancho, Yoro), Mexico (Campeche, Chiapas, Colima, Oaxaca, Quintana Roo, Tabasco, Veracruz), Nicaragua ( Atlántico Norte, Atlántico Sur, Chontales, Jinotega, Matagalpa, Río San Juan, Rivas), Panama (Bocas del Toro, Canal Area, Chiriquí, Coclé, Colón, Darién, Herrera, Los Santos, Panamá, San Blas, Veraguas), Peru (Amazonas, Cusco, Huánuco, Junín, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, Puno, San Martín, Ucayali), Suriname (Nickerie, Saramacca, Sipaliwini), Trinidad and Tobago, and. Venezuela (Amazonas, Anzoátegui, Apure, Barinas, Bolívar, Delta Amacuro, Distrito Federal, Falcón, Lara, Miranda, Monagas, Portuguesa, Sucre, Yaracuy, Zulia),

Phenology.

Flowering: January to December; fruiting: January to December.

Notes.

This species can be distinguished from other Tanaecium species by the petioles with patelliform trichomes at the apices, subulate prophylls of the axillary buds, fruits lenticellated, linear, and inflated. Despite that, T. pyramidatum is extremely variable morphologically. For example, populations from the Brazilian dry forests and cerrados have pubescent leaflets abaxially, a feature not found in any other population of this species. On the other hand, populations from Mexico are strongly covered by lenticels. Both of these features are found exclusively in these populations. Additional studies of T. pyramidatum , including phylogeographic studies based on a broad sampling of individuals collected throughout the range of this species, are necessary to identify putative cryptic species (Tab. 1 ).

Figures

Figure 1. Morphological diversity of Tanaecium. A-K Flowers A T. bilabiatum B T. dichotomum C T. duckei D T. jaroba E T. parviflorum F T. pyramidatum G T. revillae H T. tetragonolobum I T. tetramerum J T. truncatum K T. xanthophyllum. L-P Fruits L T. bilabiatum M T. cyrtanthum N T. jaroba O T. selloi P T. tetragonolobum. Q-T Seeds Q T. cyrtanthum R T. jaroba S T. revillae T T. selloi. Photos by A. Frazao, except A by B. Gomes B by R. Lopes E, M by C. Siniscalchi G by E. Kataoka H by Stevens I by Parada-Gutierrez J by L. H. M. Fonseca.