Spirobranchus cf. polytrema ( Philippi, 1844 )

Kupriyanova, Elena K., Sun, Yanan, Ten Hove, Harry A., Wong, Eunice & Rouse, Greg W., 2015, Serpulidae (Annelida) of Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia, Zootaxa 4019 (1), pp. 275-353 : 336-337

Spirobranchus cf. polytrema ( Philippi, 1844)

( Fig. 30 A, B)

Vermilia polytrema Philippi, 1844: 194 . Pl. 6, fig. N [Mediterranean; original combination, however, probably different species].

Not Temporaria polytrema . — Straughan 1967a: 239 [NSW, Australia; at least for the larger part split and redescribed as Sp. pseudopolytremus Pillai, 2009 (p. 176–178, fig. 56A–I) and Sp. zibrowii Pillai, 2009 (p. 188–190, fig. 63A–L)].

Temporaria polytrema . — Pillai 1971: 94 –96, fig. 3A–D [ Sri Lanka].

Temporaria oligotrema Straughan, 1967b: 240 –241, fig. 13 a–1 [Noosa Heads, Qld; description, cf. Type A of Imajima; holotype and other material restudied by HAtH 1996, AM W.4026, AM W.4046].

Spirobranchus cf. polytrema .— Imajima 1977: 102 –104, fig. 8a–j [Ogasawara Islands, Japan; description of two types, A & B]; 1978: 56 [O-Shima, Japan]; 1979: 177 [Honshu, Japan; types A and B]; 1987: 79 [Okinawa, Japan]; Imajima & ten Hove 1986: Fiege & Sun 1999: 126 –129, fig. 16A–G [Hainan Island, South China Sea; description of types A & B]; Sun & Yang 2001a: 200 –201, fig. 10A–L [Fujian; Hainan Island].

Spirobranchus cf. polytrema not ( Philippi, 1844), Type A sensu Imajima.— Sun et al. 2012a: 30 –32, figs 14A–C, F, 15A–E [ Hong Kong; description, discussion].

Spirobranchus cf. polycerus not ( Schmarda, 1861).— Sun & Yang 2001a: 188 –199, fig. 9 [South China Sea].

Spirobranchus polytrema . — Hartmann-Schröder 1979: 154, fig. 369 [Port Hedland, WA, Australia]; Imajima & ten Hove 1986: 8 [ Solomon Islands].

Spirobranchus cf. polytremus. — Pillai 2009: 153 –154, fig. 40D–F [WA, Australia; type A sensu Imajima].

Material examined. AM W.28322, stn.17, Palfrey Island, south of lighthouse, 14°40'S, 145°28'E, coll. H. ten Hove & P. Hutchings, 1 Mar 1986; AM W.28430, between First Beach and Osprey Island, 14°40'09"S, 145°26'36"E, dead corals and rubble in sand, coll. H. ten Hove, 17 Jun 1983; AM W.42053, stn.G246, Granite Bluff, 17 m, G. Rouse & E. Kupriyanova, 3 Nov 2005; SAM E3611, Ser98, stn.G231, Lizard Island, Coconut Beach, 14°41'S, 145°28'E, G. Rouse & E. Kupriyanova, 26 Oct 2005; MAGNT W025502 (as Pseudovermilia pacifica ), Yonge Reef, 14°34'30"S, 145°36'18"E, coll. C. Glasby, 20 Apr 2008; ZMA V.Pol. 4886 (4, as Sp. oligotrema , Type B), Mermaid Cove, on reef, depth 6–10 m, from crevices in dead coral, coll. H. ten Hove, 20 Jun 1983, det. D. Makhan 1985; ZMA V.Pol. 4887 (7, as cf. polytrema , Type B), stn.16, North Point, sloping reef, mainly dead, slightly silted corals, 3–17 m, coll. H. ten Hove, P. Hutchings & M. Reid, 1 Mar 1986; ZMA V.Pol. 4860 (2, as cf. polytrema , Type B), lagoon near east entrance, sheltered side of reef, near sandy bottom, 2–20 m, coll. H. ten Hove, stn.18, 3/ 4 Mar 1986; ZMA V.Pol. 4880 (as cf. polytrema , Type B), Turtle Beach, steeply sloping reef above sand bottom, 6–8 m, from dead & living corals, coll. H. ten Hove, 18 Jun 1983.

Diagnosis. Calcareous part of operculum variable in shape, from almost simple plate with two dorsal knobs only to conical or even a diabolo; never with spines. Peduncular wings either with 4–6 digitate processes or simple narrow without such processes (exceptionally with 2 fingerlike processes). Tube one to three longitudinal keels flanked by rows of foramina (pits).

Remarks. The occurrence of the temperate/subtropical Atlantic/Mediterranean species Spirobranchus polytrema ( Philippi, 1844) in the tropical Indo-West Pacific is rather doubtful (discussions in Imajima (1977: 106) and Pillai (2009: 153)). Likely this material will prove to be genetically different, therefore, we prefer to indicate this taxon with Sp. cf. polytrema . Records of Spirobranchus cf. polytrema from the Indo-West Pacific include two morphotypes, type A and type B ( Imajima 1977; also in Fiege & Sun 1999), differing in the distal calcareous opercular cone, peduncular wings with or without digitate processes and expression of longitudinal rows of foramina in the tube. Our material resembles type B in the shape of peduncular wings and tube. However, Straughan’s material (of Temporaria oligotrema ) mostly is conform Imajima’s type A, with many foramina (contrary to the name which suggests few; in fact the tube is indistinguishable from that of Spirobranchus minutus Rioja, 1941 ), as well as Hartmann-Schröder’s (1979) from Western Australia, Pillai’s (1971) material from Sri Lanka and that of Sun & Yang (2001a) from the South China Sea. Under the Caribbean name Sp. cf. polycerus the latter authors describe a form with intermediate characters between Types A and B. Some of Straughan’s material identified as oligotrema and restudied by one of us (HtH, between 1983 and 2005, unpublished) probably belongs to Sp. corrugatus or even juvenile corniculatus or tetraceros . A complete revision is badly needed but falls out of the scope of this paper. The specific name polytrema is a noun in apposition and need not get the same ending as the generic name (contrary to Pillai 2009), see Article 34.2.1 of ICZN (1999).

Distribution. The nominal species is quite common in the Mediterranean, Atlantic; however, records from the Indo-West Pacific form probably a complex of species by themselves.

Figures

FIGURE 30. Spirobranchus polytrema. A. Radiolar crown of live animal, stn. G 231, SAM E 3611; B. Operculum of the same specimen; C. Sp. tetraceros, live animal removed from tube, stn. G 247, ZMA V. Pol. 5317; D. Sp. tetraceros, live animal in tube, stn. G 237, SAM E 3609. Photo: A – D—G. Rouse. Scale bars: A – D = 1 mm.