Cosmorrhyncha tonsana (Walker)

Brown, John W., Razowski, Józef & Timm, Alicia E., 2020, Revision of New World Cosmorrhyncha Meyrick, 1913 (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Olethreutinae), with descriptions of five new species, Insecta Mundi 753, pp. 1-21 : 7-9

Cosmorrhyncha tonsana (Walker)

Fig. 4 , 6 , 14 , 22 , 27, 29, 30

Carpocapsa tonsana Walker 1863: 409 .

“ Carpocapsa ” auct. (not Treitschke, 1829) tonsana: Powell et al. 1995: 157 .

Cosmorrhyncha tonsana: Brown 2005: 218 .

Diagnosis. Superficially, C. tonsana is easily separated from all other congeners by its mottled forewing pattern ( Fig. 6 ) and short labial palpi ( Fig. 4 ). The costa of the forewing is strongly bent at about 0.6 the distance from the base to the apex, and the labial palpi lack the conspicuous metallic bluish-black dorsal scaling characteristic of all other Cosmorrhyncha . In the male genitalia of C. tonsana , the subbasal process of the valva has a single tooth (as in C. albistrigulana ), and the phallus lacks a slender cornutuslike distal spine (present in C. albistrigulana ), and instead has a small thorn near the middle.

Redescription. Head. Vertex dark reddish-brown, small area of purplish brown at apex, frons pale reddish-brown; labial palpus ( Fig. 4 ) pale reddish-brown, dorsum of second segment with extremely faint region of blackish scales. Thorax. Nota reddish-brown and cream; tegula dark brown. Forewing ( Fig. 6 ) length 5.5–6.5 mm (n = 10), forewing ground dark reddish-brown speckled with pale cream and maroon, with faint refractive shiny gray scales; a small rounded, upraised patch of pale gray and dark reddishbrown scales near distal end of discal cell, surrounded by small dark-brown circular patch; costa strongly bent downward at ~0.6 length from base to apex; costa without well-defined areas of dense silver white strigulae, but with linear row of small grayish-silver scales along distal 0.65 of costa and along subtermen. Fringe mostly brown with region of orange subapically. Hindwing brown, whitish along costa and subcosta in area of wing overlap; male with long, well defined anal roll. Fringe brown, paler in anal area. Abdomen. Dark reddish-brown, with paler scales at distal end. Male genitalia ( Fig. 14 ) with uncus stout, apically bifid, with dense cluster of long spines on each bifurcation; shoulders of tegumen well developed; socius digitate, pendant, covered with fine setae; valva mostly parallel-sided in basal 0.5, upturned, attenuate, densely spined in distal 0.5; cucullus evenly curved along ventral edge, usually with three conspicuously larger setae; patch of long, slender, hairlike setae at venter immediately basad of cucullus, with a pair of long, slender setae from neck of valva slightly basad of hairlike setae; subbasal process of valva triangular, bearing a single spine and second shorted process; juxta shield-shaped; phallus short, stout, with short dorsal spine (sometimes with second smaller spine) near middle, vesica without cornuti. Female genitalia ( Fig. 22 ) with papillae anales unmodified, slightly narrowed anteriorly; sterigma mostly membranous with a strongly sclerotized, mesal, suborbicular plate, weakly emarginate meso-posteriorly; antrum long, urn-shaped; ductus bursae narrow, 6–7 times as long as wide, membranous anterad of antrum, slightly broadened toward corpus bursae, with distinct junction between ductus and corpus bursae; corpus bursae irregularly rounded, weakly and evenly punctuate throughout; signum a single, broad, thorn-shaped blade arising from a round, weakly sclerotized patch, sometimes with a second very short flange from base; ventro-posterior margin of segment 7 with deep V-shaped excavation mesally, resulting in a pair of rounded, sublateral lobes.

Lectotype. ♀ [no abdomen], Brazil, Amazonas , Ega ( NHMUK).

Paralectotypes. (2♂, 2♀) Same data as holotype, GS 31645, 31646 ( NHMUK).

Additional material. BRAZIL: Amazonas: Teffe, “12–19” [Dec 1919] (1♂), “1–20” [Jan 1920] (2♂, 1♀), Parish ( NHMUK). Parintins, “10–19” [Oct 1919] (1♂), Parish ( NHMUK). Bahía: Camacan , Reserva Serra Bonita , 800 m, 5–15 Mar 2015 (1♀), Neotropical Lepidoptera Course ( USNM). Pará: Rio Trombetas , “9–19” [Sep 1919] (4♂, 1♀), Parish ( NHMUK). Obidos, “8-19” [Aug 1919] (1♂), Parish ( NHMUK). Santa- rem, “8–19” [Aug 1919] (1♀), Parish ( NHMUK), Oct 1884 (1♀), Leech ( NHMUK) . COSTA RICA: Alajuela: ACG, Brasilia, Gallinazo , 360 m, 11.01825, –85.37199, 14 Apr 2011, D. Briceño, em: 24 Apr 2011 (1♂), r.f. Dialium guianense , 11-SRNP-65188 ( USNM) ; same locality, 9 Jan 2012, D. Briceño, em: 24 Jan 2012 (1♂), r.f. Dialium guianense , 12-SRNP-65010 ( USNM) ; same locality, 16 Jun 2011, D. Briceño, em: 26 Jun 2011 (1♂), em: 27 Jun 2011 (1♂, 1♀), r.f. Dialium guianense , 11-SRNP-65754, 11-SRNP-65399, 11-SRNP-65398, 11-SRNP-65400 ( USNM) ; same locality, 20 Jun 2011, D. Briceño, em: 23 Jun 2011 (1♂), r.f. Dialium guianense , 11-SRNP-65471 ( USNM) ; same locality, 27 Jul 2011, D. Briceño, em: 31 Jul 2011 (1♀), r.f. Dialium guianense , ( USNM) ; same locality, 27 Jul 2011, D. Briceño, em: 5 Aug 2011 (1♂), em: 15 Aug 2011 (1♀), r.f. Dialium guianense , 11-SRNP-65753, 11-SRNP-65755 ( USNM). ACG, Sector Rincon Rain Forest, Casa Keiner , 123 m, 10.95642°, –85.26617°, 21 Dec 2010, C. Moraga, em: 3 Jan 2011 (1♂), em: 5 Jan 2011 (1♀), r.f. Dialium guianense , 10-SRNP-68170, 10-SRNP-68171 ( USNM). ACG, Brasilia, Piedrona, 340 m, 11.01618°, –85.35902°, 19 Dec 2012, D. Briceño, em: 1 Jan 2012 (1♂), em: 2 Jan 2013 (1♀), r.f. Dialium guianense , 12-SRNP-65988, 12-SRNP-65992 ( USNM). ACG, Sector Rincon Rainforest, Quebrada Bambu, 109 m, 10.9301°, –85.25205°, 29 May 2014, M. Moraga, em: 6 Jun 2014 (1♀), em: 31 May 2014 (1♀), 11 Jun 2014 (1♀), r.f. Dalium guianense , 14-SRNP-76022, 14-SRNP-76023, 14-SRNP- 76025 ( USNM). ACG, Brasilia, Moga, 320 m, 11.01227°, –85.34929°, 15 Oct 2011, D. Briceño, em: 27 Nov 2011 (1♀), em: 31 Nov 2011 (2♀), r.f. Dialium guianense , 11-SRNP-66030, 11-SRNP-66028,11-SRNP-66029 ( USNM) ; same locality, 17 Jun 2013, D. Briceño, em: 27 Jun 2013 (1♂), 13-SRNP-65299, em: 29 Jun 2013 (1♀), 13-SRNP-65300, r.f. Dialium guianense ( USNM) ; same locality, 16 Aug 2012, M. Carmona, em: 30 Aug 2012 (1♂), r.f. Dialium guianense , 12-SRNP-65566 ( USNM). ACG, Sector Rincon Rain Forest, Palomo, 96 m, 10.96187°, –85.28045°, 19 Feb 2013, K. Aragón, em: 4 Mar 2013 (1♂), em: 2 Mar 2013 (1♂), r.f. Dialium guianense , 13-SRNP-67619, 13-SRNP-67618 ( USNM). ACG, Sector Rincon Rain Forest, Finca Esmeralda , 123 m, 10.93548°, –85.25314°, 16 Mar 2013, M. Moraga, em: 16 Mar 2013 (1♂), em: 31 Mar 2013 (1♂), em: 29 Mar 2013 (1♂), r.f. Dialium guianense , 13-SRNP-75873, 13-SRNP-75874, 13-SRNP-75872 ( USNM) ; same locality, 20 Jul 2013, K. Aragon, em: 30 Jul 2013 (1♂), 13-SRNP-76963, em: 3 Aug 2013 (1♂), 13-SRNP-76962, r.f. Dialium guianense ( USNM). Guanacaste: ACG, Sector del Oro, Margarita , 380 m, 11.03234°, –85.439543°, Mar 2005, E. Cantillano, em: 16 Apr 2005 (1♂), r.f., Picramnia latifolia , 05-SRNP-21221, USNM slide 124,774 ( USNM) ; same locality, 4 Mar 2005, E. Cantillano, em: 8 Mar 2005 (1♂), r.f. unknown host, 05-SRNP-20992, em: 10 Mar 2005 (1♀), 05-SRNP-20993 ( USNM), r.f. unknown host, 4 Mar 2005, em: 22 Mar 2005 (1♀), 05-SRNP-21014, r.f. Picramnia latifolia , em: 19 Mar 2005 (1♂), 05-SRNP-21016, E. Cantillano ( USNM), em: 19 Mar 2005 (1♂), 05-SRNP-21017, r.f. unknown host ( Simaroubaceae 15470), em: 10 Mar 2005 (1♀), 05-SRNP-21009, r.f. Picramnia latifolia, E. Cantillano ( USNM) ; same locality, 4 Mar 2005, L. Ríos, em: 10 Mar 2005 (1♂), r.f. unknown plant, 05-SRNP-21010 ( USNM), same locality, 21 Mar 2005, E. Cantillano, em: 7 Apr 2005 (1♀), r.f. unknown plant, 05-SRNP- 21219 ( USNM). ACG, Sector Pitilla, Amonias, 390 m, 11.04249°, –85.40339°, 2 Apr 2006, C. Moraga, em: 18 Apr 2006 (1♂), em: 20 Apr 2006 (1♂), r.f. Dialium guianense , 06-SRNP-31491, 06-SRNP-31497 ( USNM). ACG, Sector Pitilla , Medrano , 380 m, 11.01602°, –85.38053°, 7 Sep 2013, D. Martinez, em: 17 Sep 2013 (1♂), 13-SRNP-71540, em: 21 Sep 2013 (1♀), 13-SRNP-71537, r.f. Machaerium seemannii ( USNM) ; same locality, 10 Sep 2013, D. Martinez, 20 Sep 2013 (2♂), em: 21 Sep 2013 (1♀), 13-SRNP-71559, 13-SRNP- 71561, 13-SRNP-71558, r.f. Machaerium seemannii ( USNM). ACG, Sector Del Oro, Tangelo, 410 m, 11.01823°, –85.45024°, 9 Jul 2011, F. Quesada, em: 20 Jul 2011 (2♀), em: 21 Jul 2011 (1♀), em: 25 Jul 2011 (3♀), r.f. Dialium guianense , 11-SRNP-21489, 11-SRNP-21487, 11-SRNP-21498, 11-SRNP-21484, 11-SRNP-21488, 11-SRNP-21491 ( USNM). ACG, Sector Pitilla, Pasmompa , 440 m, 11.01926°, –85.40997°, 17 Mar 2010, C. Moraga, em: 25 Mar 2010 (2♀), em: 26 Mar 2010 (1♂), em: 7 Apr 2010 (2♂, 2♀), em: 8 Apr 2010 (4♂, 1♀), em: 9 Apr 2010 (1♂), em: 10 Apr 2010 (2♀), r.f. Dialium guianense , 10-SRNP-30729, 10-SRNP-30748, 10-SRNP-30722, 10-SRNP-30725, 10-SRNP-30898, 10-SRNP-30731, 10-SRNP-30726, 10-SRNP-30893, 10-SRNP-30895, 10-SRNP-30736, 10-SRNP-30896, 10-SRNP-30889, 10-SRNP-30897, 10-SRNP-30742, 10-SRNP-30899 ( USNM) .

Distribution and biology. Cosmorrhyncha tonsana is known from the Brazilian states of Amazonas, Bahía, and Pará, and the Costa Rican provinces of Alajuela and Guanacaste. Specimens from ACG were reared from field-collected larvae on Picramnia latifolia (Picramniaceae) (n = 3), Dialium guianense (Fabaceae) (n = 51), and Machaerium seemannii (Fabaceae) (n = 5). Janzen and Hallwachs (2017) report that the last instar is 10–11 mm in length, the body is translucent yellowish green, and the head and prothoracic shield are black ( Fig. 27, 29 ). Field captures of adults in Brazil from March, August, September, October, and December indicate that this species has multiple generations throughout the year.

Remarks. The two documented centers of distribution of C. tonsana (i.e., Brazil and Costa Rica) are widely separated geographically, casting some doubt on the conspecificity of the specimens examined. However, specimens from the two regions are nearly identical in facies and genitalia, and the single DNA barcode of a specimen from Brazil is 99.69% similar to barcodes of specimens from Costa Rica. Hence, it is likely that the species is considerably more widespread than the collection records indicate.

Figures

Figures 4–5. Head of Cosmorrhyncha species. 4) Head of C. tonsana. 5) Head of C. albistrigulana.

Figures 6–13. Adults of Cosmorrhyncha. 6) C. tonsana from Costa Rica. 7) C. ocelliferana from Brazil (image of lectotype from NHMUK). 8) C. landryi from French Guiana. 9) C. parintina from Brazil. 10) C. macrospina female from Brazil. 11) C. macrospina male from Brazil (apex of right forewing damaged). 12) C. albistrigulana from Brazil. 13) C. osana from Costa Rica.

Figures 14–21. Male genitalia of Cosmorrhyncha. 14) C. tonsana from Costa Rica, USNM slide 124,813. 15) C. ocelliferana from Brazil, USNM slide 124,821. 16) C. landryi from French Guiana, USNM slide 126,233. 17) C. parintina from Brazil, USNM slide 126,237. 18) C. macrospina from Brazil, USNM slide 124,792. 19) C. albistrigulana from Costa Rica, USNM slide 124,923. 20) C. albistrigulana from Brazil, USNM slide 124,818. 21) C. osana from Costa Rica, USNM slide 142,211.

Figures 22–26. Female genitalia of Cosmorrhyncha. 22) C. tonsana from Brazil, USNM slide 145,538.23) C.ocelliferana from Brazil, USNM slide 124,775. 24) C. macrospina from Brazil, USNM slide 126,236. 25) C. albistrigulana from Guatemala, USNM slide 124,801. 26) C. osana from Costa Rica, USNM slide 142,202.

Figures 27–30. Early stages of Cosmorrhyncha in Costa Rica. 27) Rolled leaf shelter of C. tonsana. 28) Larva of C. albistrigulana emerging to feed from leaf roll. 29) Last instar larva of C. tonsana. 30) Pupa of C. tonsana.