Melanobaris laticollis (Marsham, 1802)

Tamutis, Vytautas, Balalaikins, Maksims, Alekseev, Vitalii, Pūtys, Žilvinas & Telnov, Dmitry, 2024, An annotated checklist of supertribe Bariditae Schoenherr, 1836 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Conoderinae) in southeastern Baltic region, Ecologica Montenegrina 71, pp. 144-164 : 157-164

Melanobaris laticollis (Marsham, 1802)

Materials examined. LITHUANIA – Jonava • Paskutškiai , 54°59'54"N, 024°13'50"E; alt. 68 m; 02. V.2004; leg. V. T.; 1 spec.; garden, from Raphanus sativus ; KZM, IC-71495 – Kaunas • Braziūkai , 54°54'8"N, 23°29'2"E; alt 73 m; 08. V.2005; leg. V. T.; 1 spec.; garden, from Raphanus sativus ; KZM, IC-71494 • ibid; 05. VI.2008; leg. V. T.; 1 spec.; KZM, IC-71493 • ibid; 10. VI.2005; leg. V. T.; 3 spec.; KZM, IC-71492-1; IC-71492-2, IC-71492-3 • Ežerėlis , 54°52'50"N, 023°37'16"E; alt. 71 m; 30. V.2023; leg. V. T.; 3 spec.; xerothermic meadow, from Armoraciae rusticana ; KZM, IC-71714 (1-3) • ibid; 08. VI.2023; leg. V. T.; 3 spec.; from Armoraciae rusticana ; KZM, IC-71715 (1-3) – Kupiškis • Uoginiai , 55°53'13"N, 024°47'10"E; alt. 72 m; 16.IV.1999 ; obs. R. Pa.; 1 spec. • Uoginiai , 55°53'15"N, 024°46'25"E; alt. 66 m; 06. V.1999; obs. R.Pa.; 1 spec. KALININGRAD REGION – Zelenogradsk • Siniavino , 54°54′17″N, 19°56′4″E; alt. 24 m; 24. V.2022; leg. V.A.; 1 spec.; APC .

Identification. The representatives of the genus are characteristic due to black or slightly brownish, glabrous body and truncate base of pronotum ( Zaslavskij 1956). Melanobaris laticollis is one of smallest species of the genus, adult body length is 2.2–4 mm. This species is easily distinguishable from the similar congeners due to the pronotal disc much more sparsely and finely punctate than lateral sides of pronotum ( Zaslavskij 1956; Smreczyński 1974; Lohse 1983). External sexual dimorphism is inconspicuous, males have slightly shorter, thicker, and more strongly curved rostrum. Melanobaris laticollis can be distinguished from the similar species by the shape of aedeagus ( Lohse 1983) ( Figure 3 : E, F).

Published local records. The only historical record available for Livonia [Livland] ( Seidlitz 1891) is ‘ Baris nitens Fbr. ’ without detailed locality information and thus unclear, is the record referring to the present-day Latvia or Estonia. A single detailed record from Kaunas vicinity was mentioned in a card index (handwritten ‘database’) of Alfonsas Palionis ( Pileckis 1960; Ferenca 2006). This species was considered rare and distributed only in central part of Lithuania ( Pileckis & Monsevičius 1997). In the northern part of the former Eastern Prussia, according to Bercio & Folwaczny (1979), it was reported from Neuhäuser and Rauschen.

General distribution. This species is distributed in southern and central part of Europe, also reported from Algeria, Morocco, and Syria ( Alonso-Zarazaga et al. 2023). The distribution range boundary extends northwards to the southern Sweden ( Liljeblad 2022), Belarus ( Alexandrovich et al. 1996), and Republic of Mordovia (European Russia) ( Mazurov et al. 2022).

Notes on biology. This is an oligophagous species that feeds on various Brassicaceae , prefering Brassica oleracea , Cakile maritima , Diplotaxis muralis , Erysimum cheiranthoides , E. cheiri , E. hieraciifolium , Matthiola incana , Raphanus raphanistrum , R. sativus , Sinapis arvensis , Sisymbrium officinale , S. altissimum ( Burakowski et al. 1995) . Larvae develop in lower parts of stems or in roots tunnelling its tissues. Adults emerge in July-August and overwinter in the soil ( Smreczyński 1974).

Local occurrence and phenology. Possibly it is localy distrubuted in the study region, recorded only from three administrative units of Lithuania and a single one in Kaliningrad Region; no records from Latvia are known. The adults were collected mainly in non-natural (disturbed), relatively dry habitats in some cases together with Aulacobaris lepidii on Armoracia rusticana . Maximum number of adults recorded in May; the earliest record: April 16, the latest: June 10.

Discussion

The adult Bariditae weevils are rather uniform morphologically and are known for their cryptic lifestyle. Possible for this reason the Bariditae received comparatively little attention by entomologists in the Baltic Region. Superficial knowledge of the biology and distribution of these weevils has resulted in several erroneous records in the earlier publications and checklists. During our studies we were unable to confirm the presence of six species previously mentioned for the study area ( Table 1). As it turned out during the studies, two species, Aulacobaris coerulescens and Malvaevora timida , were included to the local faunistic lists based on misinterpretations of historical published records.

Aulacobaris coerulescens was reported as a representative of the Lithuanian fauna by Pileckis (1976) and Pileckis & Monsevičius (1997) based on the information given in Arnoldi et al. (1974) and Smreczyński (1974) who both indicated that this species is a widespread potential pest of some Brassicaceae crops in the European part of the former USSR and Poland. Due to the incorrect interpretation of the synonymy of Baris chloris (Panzer, 1794) and Baris coerulescens (Scopoli, 1763) ( ‘ chloris Fbr. = coerulescens Scop. ’) and a record from Königsberg (the former Eastern Prussia) in Seidlitz (1872), Baris (Aulacobaris) coerulescens was included to the checklist of the Kaliningrad Region ( Russia) Curculionoidea ( Alekseev 2016). Indeed, the species epithet Baris chloris is a junior synonym of Baris chlorizans (Germar, 1824) according to Prena (2008) and not that of coerulescens . It remains therefore unclear which of the two species was actually reported by Seidlitz (1872) for Königsberg. Aulacobaris coerulescens is distributed in western part of the Palaearctic Region; its distribution range mainly includes southern and central Europe, northern Africa, and Central Asia ( Alonso-Zarazaga et al. 2023). Its distribution northwards extends to the northern Germany ( Bleich et al. 2021), Poland ( Burakowski et al. 1995), Ukraine ( Yunakov et al. 2018), and Chuvash Republic ( Russia) ( Isaev 2007). The distribution of this species is poorly known in Eastern Europe, particularly at the northern extent of its range. The presence of this species in the southeastern Baltic region is therefore considered possible.

Including Malvaevora timida in the lists of the Latvian fauna ( Telnov et al. 1997; Telnov 2004) has a similar context. It was happened because of the Olivier’s (1807) misinterpretation of the synonymy of Baris nitens (Fabricius, 1793) and Malvaevora timida (Rossi, 1792) (‘ Curculio timidus Rossi = Curculio nitens Fab. ’) and based on the records from ‘Livland’ in Seidlitz (1891) and Rathlef (1905) (‘ Baris timida Rossi = Baris nitens Fbr. ’). Indeed, the species Baris nitens [originally Curculio ] (Fabricius, 1793) is a junior synonym of Melanobaris (originally Curculio ) laticollis (Marsham, 1802) according to Prena (2008). Thus, it appears to be convenient to attribute the historical Latvian record to Melanobaris laticollis instead of M. timida .

It is rather difficult to explain the reason why Melanobaris carbonaria was included in the local lists of beetles in both Latvia and Lithuania ( Pileckis 1976; Pileckis & Monsevičius 1997; Telnov et al. 1997; Telnov 2004). The species first appears in the list of beetles of the eastern Baltic region ( Rathlef 1905) without any locality data; however, in an earlier monograph Seidlitz (1891) did not mention exact locality for this species in the Baltic Region but only a species name with the following note: ‘in southern Russia and by us not common’ (translated from German; Seidlitz (1891)). Subsequent listing of M. carbonaria as a representative of Lithuanian fauna by Pileckis (1976) and Pileckis & Monsevičius (1997) and even listing it among potential cabbage pests of ( Pileckis et al. 1983) was likely based on the information in Arnoldi et al. (1974), similarly like in the case with Aulacobaris coerulescens (see above). Melanobaris carbonaria is distributed in southern and central part of Europe, also recorded from Afghanistan ( Alonso-Zarazaga et al. 2023) and northern Caucasus (Muhtarova et al. 2022). Its distribution range northwards extend to Czechia, Slovakia ( Benedikt et al. 2010), Rivne Region in the northern Ukraine ( Yunakov et al. 2018) and Kirov Oblast in central European Russia ( Dedyukhin 2012). Considering the distribution range of M. carbonaria , its occurrence in the southeastern Baltic region appears unlikely.

Unfortunately, we were unable to confirm the presence of Aulacobaris picicornis (Marsham, 1802) in the study area due to the lack of recent faunistic information. Only a historical record of this species, as ‘ Baridius abrotani Germ. ’ is known from Lentz (1879) for Kaliningrad [Königsberg]. However, this information was omitted by Seidlitz (1872, 1891) and later has been considered dubious by Bercio & Folwaczny (1979). Nevertheless, the species was included to the checklist of Curculionoidea of Kaliningrad Region ( Russia) ( Alekseev 2016). Aulacobaris picicornis appears to be monophagous and develop in roots of Reseda lutea ( Smreczyński 1974) . It is distributed in southern and central part of Europe, also recorded from Armenia, Morocco, Syria, and Turkey ( Alonso-Zarazaga et al. 2023), and recently discovered in Iran ( Ghahari & Legalov 2018). Its distribution range northwards extends towards the southern Sweden (Malmö) ( Lundberg 2006), Poland (Włodawa) ( Wanat 2017), western Ukraine (Volhynian Upland) ( Mazur 2002), and central European Russia (Saratov Region) ( Sazhnev et al. 2022). The host plant of this species, Reseda lutea , is diffuse throughout the whole studied territory, especially in xerothermic habitats along railway, in waste-lands, xeric slopes and roadsides ( Rasiņš et al. 1993; Gudžinskas 1999), therefore, the presence of Aulacobaris picicornis in the southeastern Baltic region is likely.

The previous records of Baris spitzyi Hochhuth, 1847 from Lithuania ( Ivinskis et al. 2015) and Melanobaris dalamatina (Brisout de Barneville, 1870) from Latvia ( Barševskis 1993) are based on misidentifications and correspond to Baris nesapia Faust, 1887 and B. artemisae (Panzer, 1794) , respectively.

We confirmed the presence of the following six Bariditae species within four genera for the territory of the southeastern Baltic region ( Table 1): Limnobaris dolorosa , L. t-album , Aulacobaris lepidii , Baris artemisiae , B. nesapia , and Melanobaris laticollis . According to the detailed faunistic data, six species were confirmed for Lithuania and four each for Latvia and the Kaliningrad Region of Russia. Only historical information on the presence of Melanobaris laticollis is available for Latvia ( Seidlitz 1891) and Aulacobaris lepidii for Kaliningrad Region ( Bercio & Folwaczny 1979). However, considering the range of both species, it is likely that both occur all across the study area. The record of Baris nesapia from Lithuania is the first for the southeastern Baltic region but does not appear to be the northernmost one since the species is likely occurring also in Estonia. We hypothesize that the previous record of Baris spitzyi from Estonia ( Miländer 1993) refers to Baris nesapia . Unfortunately, we were unable to examine the voucher material of this interesting record.

Although examined specimens were collected from 51 administrative units (45 % of all mapped units) in the region, this is not good enough to objectively describe the local distribution and abundance of the studied species. Considering the number of available records, we can declare that three species of Bariditae , namely Limnobaris dolorosa , L. t-album and Baris artemisiae , are relatively common and widespread in the southeastern Baltic region. Limnobaris dolorosa and L. t-album appear to be associated with sedges ( Cyperaceae ) and occur usually in natural wetlands and banks of diverse waterbodies. Such types of habitats comprised at least five percents of the territory ( Kurlavičius, 2010), however only five species of sedges: Carex acutiformis , C. rostrata , C. versicaria , Schoenoplectus lacustris , and Scirpus silvaticus , noted as possible host plants of Limnobaris species, are frequent in the study region ( Kuusk et al. 2003). Furher human pressure in these areas, such as melioration and habitat transformation can cause population decrease of these two species. In contrary, in the study area Baris artemisiae is oligophagous on Artemisia plants and usually bound to disturbed or ruderal habitats, where is mainly connected with mugwort ( Artemisia vulgaris ). A mugwort commonly has been identified as an aggressive weed abundant in the open habitats and wastelands, along roadsides and river banks, very often forming dense colonies ( Barney et al. 2005; Judzentiene & Budiene 2018) and is widespread in the study region ( Kuusk et al. 2003). The tendency of human driven transformations of natural habitats likely has a positive effect on the Baltic population of Baris artemisae . Likely, this species is much more widespread than is presently known.

Rather interesting ecological niches are occupied by three other species, Aulacobaris lepidii , Baris nesapia and Melanobaris laticollis . Aulacobaris lepidii and M. laticollis are typical oligophagous species on Brassicaceae (crucifers) with clear preference to relatively dry habitat conditions. Although these species are mentioned by some authors as potential pests of cruciferous vegetables ( Arnoldi et al. 1974; Bouseman et al. 1978b; Pileckis et al. 1983), their ‘damage’ is not yet known to be economically significant. During the study we observed these species on Armoracia rusticana , Raphanus sativus and Rorippa spp. According to our observations, Baris nesapia appears to be monophagous on Artemisia campestris and prefer xerothermic, sandy habitat with sparce vegetation. Artemisia campestris is common and widespread plant species in the study area ( Kuusk et al. 2003); thus, the wide abundance of a host plant should be favorable for the B. nesapia population in the Baltic region. We believe, that the low number of known records of Aulacobaris lepidii , Baris nesapia and Melanobaris laticollis is a reflection of insufficient studies on entomofauna of the region, and the situation likely change with the increasing number of studies.

During our fieldwork and the following review, the number of species confirmed for the study area had not increased as it is often the case, but, on the contrary, decreased from twelve to six. The reasons of the previous overestimations of faunal diversity can be various and the several possible cases are discussed above. The possible accumulation of erroneous and irrelevant information (including that on hostplants) during nearly two centuries of the faunal studies in a region should always be considered critically when performing similar studies. Sampling and careful preservation of well-labelled entomological collections appears crucial for the biodiversity research and monitoring of faunal changes within the time.

Acknowledgements

We are grateful to all collectors and observers who shared their material and observations for analysis and also to Mr. Kazimieras Martinaitis and Dr. Romas Ferenca for preparing some photographs. Aleksandrs Balodis (Rīga, Latvia), Dr. Christoffer Fägerström (Biological Museum, Lund University, Lund, Sweden), Dr. Mārtiņš Kalniņš (Daugavpils University, Daugavpils, Latvia), Mr. Alexander

Napolov (Rīga National zoo, Rīga, Latvia) and UĢis Piterāns (Latvian National museum of natural history, Rīga, Latvia) are thanked for sharing the faunistic records used in the present paper.

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Figures

Figure 3. Bariditae species (Lithuania, KZM): A – dorsal habitus of Aulacobaris lepidii, B – dorsal habitus of Melanobaris laticollis, C, D – aedeagus of A. lepidii, E, F – aedeagus of M. laticollis. Scale bar - 1 mm.