Caleidoscopsis carlosi, Do Nascimento & Serejo, 2023

Do Nascimento, Priscila S. & Serejo, Cristiana S., 2023, New findings of the family Pardaliscidae from the deep-sea southwestern Atlantic the genus Caleidoscopsis Karaman, 1974, Zootaxa 5256 (2), pp. 139-157 : 144-150

Caleidoscopsis carlosi sp. nov.

( Figures 2–4 )

Material examined. Holotype: Female, length 3.9 mm, Sta. AMB5 D07 R2 , MNRJ 30434 (holotype specimen preserved in ethanol; dissected slides lost in the 2018 Museu Nacional fire). Paratypes: 1 female, 3.0 mm, Sta. HAB8 F09 R2 (2-5) , MNRJ 24601 (dissected on slides) ; 1 male, 1 female, Sta. HAB3 A08 R1 (0-2) , MNRJ 504 ; 1 female, Sta. HAB3 B09 R1 (0-2) , MNRJ 518 ; 1 male, Sta. HAB3 B09 R1 (0-2) , MNRJ 505 ; 1 juvenile, Sta. HAB3 H08 R2 (2-5) , MNRJ 506 ; 1 female, Sta. HAB3 H09 R2 (0-2) , MNRJ 508 ; 1 female, Sta. HAB4 F09 R2 (0-2) , MNRJ 519 ; 1 juvenile, Sta. HAB4 CANG7 R2 (0-2) , MNRJ 509 ; 1 male, Sta. HAB4 CANG9 R1 (0-2) , MNRJ 520 ; 1 female, Sta. HAB4 CANG9 R2 , MNRJ 510 ; 1 male, Sta. HAB6 I09 R3 (0-2) , MNRJ 521 ; 1 juvenile, Sta. HAB6 CANAC7 R2 (0-2) , MNRJ 511 ; 1 male, Sta. HAB7 I06 R1 (2-5) , MNRJ 522 ; 1 male, Sta. HAB8 B08 R1 (0-2) , MNRJ 523 ; 1 juvenile, Sta. HAB8 C08 R1 , MNRJ 24599 ; 1 juvenile, Sta. HAB8 C10 R2 (0-2) , MNRJ 24600 ; 1 juvenile, Sta. HAB9 G08 R2 (0-2) , MNRJ 525 ; 2 males, 1 juvenile, Sta. HAB9 G09 R2 (0-2) , MNRJ 24602 ; 1 male, Sta. HAB9 H07 R1 (0-2) , MNRJ 24605 ; 1 male, Sta. HAB9 H07 R3 (0-2) , MNRJ 24604 ; 1 male, Sta. HAB9 H09 R1 (2-5) , MNRJ 526 ; 1 female, Sta. HAB9 I07 R1 (0-2) , MNRJ 528 ; 1 male, Sta. HAB9 I07 R2 (0-2) , MNRJ 529 ; 1 juvenile, Sta. HAB9 I09 R2 (0-2) , MNRJ 530 ; 1 male, Sta. HAB9 CANG8 R1 (0-2) , MNRJ 533 ; 1 male, Sta. HAB9 CANG9 R2 (0-2) , MNRJ 24603 ; 1 juvenile, Sta. HAB9 CANG9 R3 (0-2) , MNRJ 524 ; 1 juvenile, Sta. HAB9 CANAC7 R2 (0-2) , MNRJ 531 ; 1 juvenile, Sta. HAB9 CANAC9 R3 (0-2) , MNRJ 532 ; 1 male, 1 female, 2 juveniles, Sta. AMB4 F07 R2 , MNRJ 30442 ; 1 female, Sta. AMB4 F08 R2 , MNRJ 30444 ; 1 juvenile, Sta. AMB5 C06 R3 , MNRJ 30439 ; 1 juvenile, Sta. AMB5 D06 R1 , MNRJ 30437 ; 1 male, 2 juveniles, Sta. AMB5 D06 R2 , MNRJ 30451 ; 1 female, 2 juveniles, Sta. AMB5 D06 R3 , MNRJ 30436 ; 1 male, Sta. AMB5 E08 R1 , MNRJ 30450 ; 1 male, Sta. AMB6 CANWN6 R2 , MNRJ 30440 ; 2 juveniles, Sta. AMB6 CANWN7 R1 , MNRJ 30455 ; 1 juvenile, Sta. AMB6 CANWN7 R2 , MNRJ 30453 ; 1 male, 1 juvenile, Sta. AMB6 CANWN7 R3 , MNRJ 30446 ; 1 juvenile, Sta. AMB11 A07 R1 , MNRJ 30454 ; 1 female, Sta. AMB11 A07 R3 , MNRJ 30448 ; 1 juvenile, Sta. AMB11 C06 R1 , MNRJ 30452 ; 1 juvenile, Sta. AMB11 F07 R3 , MNRJ 30435 ; 1 male, Sta. AMB11 F08 R1 ; MNRJ 30443 ; 1 female, Sta. AMB12 D06 R1 , MNRJ 30441 ; 2 juveniles, Sta. AMB12 D06 R2 , MNRJ 30433 ; 1 male, 1 female, Sta. AMB12 E06 R1 , MNRJ 30432 ; 1 juvenile, Sta. AMB12 E06 R2 , MNRJ 30447 ; 1 juvenile, Sta. AMB12 E06 R3 , MNRJ 30449 ; 1 juvenile, Sta. AMB12 G07 R1 , MNRJ 30438 ; 1 male, 1 juvenile, Sta. AMB12 CAND6 R3 , MNRJ 30445 ; 1 male, Sta. SANSED 1 A08 R1 (0-2) , MNRJ 30497 ; 1 male, 1 juvenile, Sta. SANSED 1 A08 R2 (0- 2) , MNRJ 30500 ; 1 juvenile, Sta. SANSED 1 A08 R3 (0-2) , MNRJ 30418 ; 1 male, Sta. SANSED 1 A10 R3 (0-2) , MNRJ 30510 ; 1 male, Sta. SANSED 1 B07 R3 (0-2) , MNRJ 30431 ; 1 male, Sta. SANSED 1 B08 R2 (0-2) , MNRJ 30494 ; 1 male, 1 juvenile, Sta. SANSED 1 B08 R3 (0-2) , MNRJ 30507 ; 2 males, Sta. SANSED 1 C08 R2 (0-2) , MNRJ 30493 ; 1 female, Sta. SANSED 1 C09 R1 (0-2) , MNRJ 30499 ; 2 juveniles, Sta. SANSED 1 C09 R3 (0-2) , MNRJ 30505 ; 1 male, Sta. SANSED 2 D07 R2 (0-2) , MNRJ 30420 ; 1 male, 1 juvenile, Sta. SANSED 2 D09 R2 (0-2) , MNRJ 30498 ; 1 male, Sta. SANSED 2 D09 R3 (0-2) , MNRJ 30513 ; 1 male, 1 juvenile, Sta. SANSED 2 E07 R2 (0-2) , MNRJ 30512 ; 1 male, Sta. SANSED 2 E09 R1 (0-2) , MNRJ 30422 ; 1 juvenile, Sta. SANSED 2 E09 R2 (0-2) , MNRJ 30509 ; 1 juvenile, Sta. SANSED 3 F07 R2 (0-2) , MNRJ 30427 ; 1 juvenile, Sta. SANSED 3 F09 R3 (0-2) , MNRJ 30416 ; 1 male, Sta. SANSED 3 F10 R2 (0-2) , MNRJ 30419 ; 1 juvenile, Sta. SANSED 3 F10 R3 (0- 2) , MNRJ 30415 ; 1 male, Sta. SANSED 4 G07 R1 (0-2) , MNRJ 30414 ; 1 juvenile, Sta. SANSED 4 G10 R3 (0-2) , MNRJ 30423 ; 1 juvenile, Sta. SANSED 4 H07 R2 (0-2) , MNRJ 30511 ; 1 juvenile, Sta. SANSED 4 H07 R3 (0-2) , MNRJ 30417 ; 1 male, Sta. SANSED 4 H08 R1 (0-2) , MNRJ 30504 ; 1 male, Sta. SANSED 4 H09 R3 (0-2) , MNRJ 30506 ; 1 male, Sta. SANSED 3 P09 R1 (0-2) , MNRJ 30496 ; 1 juvenile, Sta. SANSED 3 P10 R2 (0-2) , MNRJ 30492 ; 1 female, Sta. SANSED 1 A08 R2 (2-5) , MNRJ 30491 ; 1 male, Sta. SANSED 1 A08 R3 (2-5) , MNRJ 30421 ; 1 juvenile, Sta. SANSED 1 B08 R2 (25) , MNRJ 30502 ; 1 juvenile, Sta. SANSED 1 C08 R1 (2-5) , MNRJ 30508 ; 1 male, Sta. SANSED 1 C08 R3 (2-5) , MNRJ 30503 ; 1 male, juvenile, Sta. SANSED 1 C09 R1 (2-5) , MNRJ 30426 ; 1 male, Sta. SANSED 1 C09 R2 (2-5) , MNRJ 30428 ; 1 female, Sta. SANSED 3 F09 R1 (2-5) , MNRJ 30425 ; 1 juvenile, Sta. SANSED 4 H08 R2 (2-5) , MNRJ 30501 ; 1 female, Sta. SANSED 1 B07 R2 (5-10) , MNRJ 30495 ; 1 juvenile, Sta. SANSED 1 C09 R1 (5-10) , MNRJ 30490 ; 1 juvenile, Sta. SANSED7 A09 R1 (0-2) , MNRJ 30525 ; 1 juvenile, Sta. SANSED7 A09 R2 (0-2) , MNRJ 30515 ; 1 juvenile, Sta. SANSED7 A09 R3 (0-2) , MNRJ 30535 ; 1 female, Sta. SANSED7 B07 R3 (0-2) , MNRJ 30540 ; 1 male, Sta. SANSED7 B08 R2 (0-2) , MNRJ 30534 ; 1 male, Sta. SANSED7 B08 R3 (0-2) , MNRJ 30507 ; 1 male, 1 juvenile, Sta. SANSED7 B09 R2 (0-2) , MNRJ 30532 ; 1 juvenile, Sta. SANSED7 B10 R2 (0-2) , MNRJ 30533 ; 1 juvenile, Sta. SANSED7 C08 R2 (0-2) , MNRJ 30524 ; 1 male, Sta. SANSED7 C08 R3 (0-2) , MNRJ 30521 ; 1 female, 1 juvenile, Sta. SANSED7 C10 R2 (0-2) , MNRJ 30516 ; 1 male, Sta. SANSED7 D09 R3 (0-2) , MNRJ 30530 ; 1 male, Sta. SANSED7 E08 R1 (0-2) , MNRJ 30539 ; 1 male, Sta. SANSED7 E08 R3 (0-2) , MNRJ 30519 ; 1 juvenile, Sta. SANSED7 E09 R2 (0-2) , MNRJ 30541 ; 1 male, 1 juvenile, Sta. SANSED7 F07 R1 (0-2) , MNRJ 30536 ; 1 juvenile, Sta. SANSED7 F07 R2 (0-2) , MNRJ 30523 ; 1 female, Sta. SANSED7 F07 R3 (0-2) , MNRJ 30537 ; 1 male, Sta. SANSED7 F09 R1 (0-2) , MNRJ 30520 ; 1 male, Sta. SANSED7 G08 R3 (0-2) , MNRJ 30542 ; 1 male, Sta. SANSED7 G10 R1 (0-2) , MNRJ 30517 ; 1 juvenile, Sta. SANSED7 H07 R2 (0-2) , MNRJ 30518 ; 1 juvenile, Sta. SANSED7 H08 R3 (0-2) , MNRJ 30522 ; 1 female, 1 juvenile, Sta. SANSED7 H09 R2 (0-2) , MNRJ 30529 ; 1 male, Sta. SANSED7 P03 R1 (0-2) , MNRJ 30538 ; 1 juvenile, Sta. SANSED7 P03 R2 (0-2) , MNRJ 30528 ; 1 female, Sta. SANSED7 D09 R3 (2-5) , MNRJ 30527 ; 1 juvenile, Sta. SANSED7 E08 R1 (2-5) , MNRJ 30526 ; 1 female, Sta. SANSED8 F09 R3 (2-5) , MNRJ 30514 .

Etymology. In honor to the marine biologist Carlos dos Santos (MAQUA Laboratory—UERJ) and great friend, who unfortunately, left us prematurely. He and his wife Bárbara Manhães, were always supportive during the development of the present study, especially during the hard pandemic time.

Diagnosis. Rostrum short, not reaching half-length of article 1 of peduncle of antenna 1. Antennae 1–2, short flagellum with short articles, each one as long as wide. Antenna 1 geniculate, folded up. Maxilliped, palp, article 4 shorter than 3, with a tooth on the inner margin. Gnathopods 1–2, dactyl smooth, without inner teeth. Coxa 5 subtriangular. Pereopod 5–7, propodus shorter than dactylus. Pereopod 7, basis wide, 1.5x longer than wide; propodus 7x longer than wide. Epimeral plate 3 posteroventral angle with a tooth, not exceeding the end of urosomite 1. Urosomites 1–2 each on with 1 small dorsal tooth, not exceeding half-length of the next segment. Urosomite 1 not covering urosomite 2. Uropod 3, outer ramus, article 2, 40% the length of the ramus. Telson cleft about 60% of the length.

Description. Female, 3.9 mm, holotype, MNRJ 30434. Head as long as wide; cephalic lobe present; rostrum present, short, not reaching half-length of article 1 of peduncle of antenna 1; eyes absent.

Antenna 1 geniculate, folded up, peduncle exceeding half of antenna peduncle 2; article 1 the longest, 3x the length of the article 2, article 1–2 with short plumose and simple setae, article 3 a little bit shorter than article 2, naked; primary flagellum with 12 short articles, each one as long as wide, article 1 not fused, distal simple setae on each one, aesthetascs absent, callynophore absent; accessory flagellum with 6 short articles, each one as long as wide, article 1 not fused, distal simple setae on each one.

Antenna 2 longer than antenna 1, articles 3–5 of peduncle subequal in length, article 5 narrower than articles 4, articles 4–5 with short plumose and simple setae; flagellum with 12 short articles, each one as long as wide, with distal simple setae.

Mouthparts forming a quadratiform bundle. Upper lip asymmetrically incised. Lower lip, inner lobes coalesced.

Right mandible, incisor strongly dentate, with 4 sharp teeth, 1 wider than the other 3, lacinia mobilis slender, sharp, 1 raker present, row of papposerrate setae; left mandible, incisor with 5 short teeth, lacinia mobilis wide, as wide as the incisor, microdentate, 2 rakers present, row of papposerrate setae; molar absent in both mandibles; palp, 3-articulated on both sides, article 1 naked, article 2 3x longer than 1, with 2 simple setae on the right mandible and 1 on the left, article 3 subequal in length, article 2 with 3 apical simple setae.

Maxilla 1, inner plate reduced, with 1 long plumose seta apically; outer plate with 7 apical robust setae; palp 2-articulated, article 2 expanded distally, with 3 subapical robust setae and 7 apical robust setae.

Maxilla 2, short plates, about 2x longer than wide, plates subequal in length; inner plate with 3 plumose setae on the inner margin, 1 simple seta and 2 plumose setae apically; outer plate with 1 simple seta and 2 plumose setae apically.

Maxilliped, inner plate reduced, narrow, with 2 apical simple setae; outer plate not exceeding article 1 of the palp, with 5 simple setae on the inner margin and 4 robust setae apically; palp 4-articulated, article 1 with 1 simple seta on the inner margin, article 2 with a few simple setae on the inner margin, article 3 with a few simple setae in the distal half, article 4 shorter than 3, with a tooth on the inner margin and 3 small simple setae.

Coxae 1–4 longer than wide, exceeding half-length of the basis; coxa 5 well-developed, as long as wide, reaching half-length of the basis, not bilobed, subtriangular; coxae 6–7 very short, not bilobed, wider than long.

Oostegites present in pereopods 3–5, oostegites 3–4 almost as long as pereopods, oostegite 5 about half-length of pereopod 5.

Gnathopod 1, basis and ischium with 1 simple seta on posterodistal angle of each one; merus with 3 simple setae; carpus 1.5x longer than wide, shorter than propodus, with 1 plumose seta densely setulose and a few simple setae; propodus 2x longer than wide, with 4 plumose setae densely setulose and 2 plumose setae with small setules; palm absent (simple), dactyl smooth with 3 short simple seta.

Gnathopod 2 similar to 1 in shape, size and setation.

Pereopod 3, basis with 1 simple seta distally; merus about 2.5x longer than wide with simple setae on ventral margin; carpus, about 2x longer than wide with simple setae on ventral margin; propodus 1.3x the length of the carpus, narrower, with 3 distal simple setae; dactyl long subequal in length to propodus, simple, not subdivided.

Pereopod 4 similar to 3 in shape, size and setation.

Pereopod 5 about 1.5x longer than pereopod 4; basis without a posterior lobe, suboval, 1.5x longer than wide; basis, ischium and merus with simple setae on anterior margin; carpus and propodus with a few simple setae in the distal half; propodus 5x longer than wide; dactyl longer than propodus.

Pereopod 6 about 1.5x longer than pereopod 5, similar in setation; basis without a posterior lobe; propodus 7x longer than wide; dactyl longer than propodus.

Pereopod 7 subequal in length and setation to pereopod 6; basis wide, 1.5x longer than wide, with posterior lobe almost reaching the end of ischium; propodus 7x longer than wide; dactyl longer than propodus.

Epimeral plate 1, sinuous posterior margin, with 2 plumose setae, posteroventral angle forming a small tooth. Epimeral plates 2–3 with 1 small simple seta on the ventral margin of each one. Epimeral plate 2, posteroventral angle with a little bit bigger tooth than epimeral plate 1. Epimeral plate 3, posteroventral angle with a tooth not exceeding the end of urosomite 1.

Pleopods well-developed, basal articles of ramus not fused, about 10 articles, very setose.

Urosomite 1 with 1 small dorsal tooth, not reaching half the length of urosomite 2. Urosomite 2 with 1 small dorsal tooth, not reaching half the length of urosomite 3. Uropod 1, peduncle subequal to rami in length, 2 robust setae on inner margin and 2 robust setae on outer margin; biramus, rami subequal in length, apically pointed, outer ramus with 2 dorsal robust setae, inner ramus with 1 dorsal robust seta, both rami with a subapical simple seta.

Uropod 2, peduncle subequal to rami in length, 1 robust seta on inner margin and 1 robust seta on outer margin; rami apically pointed, outer ramus with 3 dorsal robust setae, inner ramus with 2 dorsal robust setae, both rami with a subapical simple seta. Uropod 3 biramous, peduncle short, rami 3x the length of the peduncle, peduncle with a set of 4 robust setae distally on the outer margin and 1 robust seta on inner margin; lanceolate; both rami naked; outer ramus 2-articulated, article 2 40% the length of the ramus.

Telson 2x longer than wide, cleft about 60% the length, with 2 dorsofacial small plumose setae on each lobe.

Type locality. Southwest Atlantic Ocean, Brazil: Espírito Santo Basin , 19°54′04.82′′S 39°22′24.29′′W, 1.333 m .

Distribution. Caleidoscopsis carlosi sp. nov. is known from Espírito Santo Basin, Campos Basin and Santos Basin (19°– 27°S), Brazil, Southwestern Atlantic Ocean, from 417–1974 m depth ( Fig. 1 ).

Remarks. Caleidoscopsis carlosi sp. nov. turn out to be a very common and abundant species along the study area (19°– 27°S), being found in 126 samples with a total of 146 specimens examined, when comparing with C. karamani sp. nov. that was found in only 5 samples with one individual each.

Caleidoscopsis carlosi sp. nov. has no apparent sexual dimorphism. Male and female antenna 1 are the same, with articles of primary and accessory flagellum not fused, and callynophores are absent. Among Caleidoscopsis species C . carlosi sp. nov. is closer to C. copal in characters as: coxa 5 subtriangular; pereopod 7 basis wide, 1.5x longer than wide; epimeral plate 3 posteroventral tooth present, not exceeding the end of urosomite 1; urosomites 1– 2 each one with 1 small dorsal tooth, not exceeding half-length of the next segment; uropod 3, outer ramus, article 2, long, at least 40% of the ramus; telson 1.5x longer than wide, cleft 60% of the length. Nevertheless, Caleidoscopsis carlosi sp. nov. differs from all Caleidoscopsis species by: antenna 1 geniculate, folded up; maxilliped, palp article 4 shorter than 3; pereopods 5–7, propodus shorter than dactylus; and pereopod 7 with propodus 7x longer than wide. Morphological comparison between the six known Caleidoscopsis species is shown in Table 2

Figures

FIGURE 1. World distribution of Caleidoscopsis species. Stations along the Brazilian coast (19o–27o S) were collected between 417–1974 m depths, from projects AMBES, HABITATS and PCR–Santos, all from slope campaigns.

FIGURE 2. Caleidoscopsis carlosi sp. nov. Female, 3.9 mm, holotype, Sta. AMB5 D07 R2, Espírito Santo Basin, MNRJ 30434. Habitus, head (dorsal), antennae, mouthparts. Female, 3.0 mm, paratype, Sta. HAB8 F09 R2, Campos Basin, MNRJ 24601. Head (dorsal). Scale = 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 3. Caleidoscopsis carlosi sp. nov. Female, 3.9 mm, holotype, Sta. AMB5 D07 R2, Espírito Santo Basin, MNRJ 30434. Gnathopods 1–2 and pereopods 3–5 with oostegites. Scale = 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 4. Caleidoscopsis carlosi sp. nov. Female, 3.9 mm, holotype, Sta. AMB5 D07 R2, Espírito Santo Basin, MNRJ 30434. Pereopods 6–7, uropods and telson. Female, 3.0 mm, paratype, Sta. HAB8 F09 R2, Campos Basin, MNRJ 24601. Epimeral plates, urosome dorsal view (above) and lateral view (below). Scale = 0.1 mm.