Cradoscrupocellaria normani, VIEIRA & JONES & WINSTON, 2013

VIEIRA, LEANDRO M., JONES, MARY E. SPENCER & WINSTON, JUDITH E., 2013, <p class = " HeadingRunIn " align = " left "> <strong> <em> Cradoscrupocellaria </ em>, a new bryozoan genus for <em> Scrupocellaria bertholletii </ em> (Audouin) and related species (Cheilostomata, Candidae): taxonomy, biodiversity and distribution </ strong> </ p>, Zootaxa 3707 (1), pp. 1-63 : 38-40

Cradoscrupocellaria normani n. sp.

( Fig. 18 , Table 4)

Scrupocellaria reptans Linnaeus : Norman 1909: 283. [Madeira]

Not Sertularia reptans Linnaeus, 1758, p. 815 . [?British Isles]

Material examined. Holotype. NHMUK 1911.10 .1.355 ( Fig. 18 ), Scrupocellaria reptans, A.M. Norman det., A.M. Norman Collection, 1897, Madeira.

Type locality. Madeira.

Etymology. Honorific for the late British naturalist Alfred Merle Norman (1831–1918).

Diagnosis. Chitinous joints passing across proximal end of opesia in outer zooids at bifurcation (zooids C and D); 6–7 distal spines, with 5 spines in axial zooid; scutum slender, flattened, regularly branched three times, covering entire frontal membrane; distolateral avicularium absent; frontal avicularia dimorphic, with small avicularium directed upward and forward and a large avicularium, longer than wide, directed obliquely forward and downward; ovicells longer than wide, with pseudopores linked by internal sutures.

Description. Colony erect, branches comprising 5–11 zooids. Internodes straight, with acute bifurcating pattern; chitinous joints passing across proximal end of opesia in outer zooids at bifurcation (zooids C and D) and across proximal gymnocyst of inner zooids (F and G). Autozooids elongate, slightly tapering proximally. Oval opesia occupying half to three fifths of zooid length; inconspicuous vestigial cryptocyst around opesia. Scutum present, regularly branching three times, covering entire frontal membrane, inserted at midline of inner opesial border and overarching frontal membrane. Distal spines long, unbranched; 6–7 distal spines, proximalmost outer and inner spines directed forward; axial zooid with 5 spines. Distolateral avicularium absent. Dimorphic frontal avicularia present: small frontal avicularium with triangular mandible; large frontal avicularium with elongate curved rostrum, 0.177 –0.203 mm long, directed downward and forward, with curved tip, mandible long, curved and hooked distally. Vibracular chamber on basal surface of each zooid, inconspicuous in frontal view; chamber of vibraculum trapezoidal, with large rhizoidal foramen on proximal outer corner; setal groove transverse to the internode axis, straight, with smooth seta as long as one autozooid. Single axial vibraculum without rhizoidal foramen. Rhizoids tubular with some retroussé hooks. Ovicell long than wide, with ectooecium perforated by rounded pores linked by internal sutures; ovicelled zooids with 2 inner and 3 outer spines.

Remarks. Norman (1909) reported S. reptans from Madeira based on part of a colony from Funchal. Comparison of this NHMUK specimen and S. reptans , however, revealed morphological differences—absence of lateral avicularia, shape of frontal avicularia and scuta—which led us to segregate the Madeira specimens as C.

normani n. sp. It is distinguished from other species in the C. bertholletii-reptans complex by virtue of the shape of its frontal avicularia and scutum.

Distribution. Atlantic Ocean: Madeira.

Figures

FIGURE 18. Cradoscrupocellaria normani n. sp. A–F, NHMUK 1911.10.1.355, holotype, Madeira. A, Frontal surface of colony; note a rhizoid with some well-developed hooks at bottom right. B, Frontal surface of branch bifurcation; note the regularly branched scutum. C, Close-up of a branch bifurcation; note the ovicelled zooids. D, Lateral view of gigantic frontal avicularium; note the rostrum with smooth edges. E, Abfrontal surface of colony. F, Abfrontal surface of branch bifurcation.