Cradoscrupocellaria marcusorum, VIEIRA & JONES & WINSTON, 2013

VIEIRA, LEANDRO M., JONES, MARY E. SPENCER & WINSTON, JUDITH E., 2013, <p class = " HeadingRunIn " align = " left "> <strong> <em> Cradoscrupocellaria </ em>, a new bryozoan genus for <em> Scrupocellaria bertholletii </ em> (Audouin) and related species (Cheilostomata, Candidae): taxonomy, biodiversity and distribution </ strong> </ p>, Zootaxa 3707 (1), pp. 1-63 : 37-38

Cradoscrupocellaria marcusorum n. sp.

( Fig. 17 , Table 4)

Scrupocellaria bertholletii Audouin : Marcus 1938: 24 (in part; non pl. 5, figs 11A–B). [ Brazil: São Paulo]

Non Acamarchis Bertholletii Audouin, 1826: 241 . [ Egypt]

Material examined. Holotype. NHMUK 2010.12 .6.28 ( Fig. 17 ), Scrupocellaria bertholletii, E. Marcus det., Santos , São Paulo, Brazil . Paratype. NHMUK 1948.2 .16.46, same data as for holotype .

Type locality. São Paulo, Brazil .

Etymology. Named after Ernst Gustav Gotthelf Marcus (1893–1968) and Eveline du Bois Reymond Marcus (1901–1990) for their work on the taxonomy and biology of bryozoans.

Diagnosis. Chitinous joints passing across proximal end of opesia in outer zooids at bifurcation (zooids C and D); 1 inner and 3 outer distal spines; 3–4 four spines in axial zooid; opesia occupying two thirds of zooidal length; scutum slender, regularly branched twice, occupying half length of frontal membrane; distolateral avicularia absent; frontal avicularia dimorphic; very large elongate avicularia often present, triangular in shape, with curved smooth-edged rostrum.

Description. Colony erect, branches comprising 5–9 zooids. Internodes slight curved, with acute bifurcating pattern; chitinous joints passing across proximal end of opesia of outer zooids at bifurcation (zooids C and D) and across proximal gymnocyst of inner zooids (F and G). Autozooids elongate, slightly tapering proximally. Oval opesia occupying distal half to two thirds of frontal wall; cryptocyst minimal around opesia. Scutum regularly branched twice at acute angles, with acute tips, reaching beyond midline of frontal membrane, inserted at midline of inner opesial border. Distal spines delicate, long, unbranched; 1 inner and 3 outer distal spines; proximalmost outer and inner spines directed forward; axial zooid with 3–4 spines. Distolateral avicularium absent. Dimorphic frontal avicularia present: small frontal avicularium with triangular mandible, rostrum directed forward; large frontal avicularium with high base, triangular curved rostrum directed forward and slightly downward, with a curved tip; mandible long, curved and hooked at tip. A small vibracular chamber present on basal surface of each zooid, inconspicuous in frontal view; chamber of vibraculum almost circular, with small rhizoidal foramen on proximal outer corner; setal groove transverse to internode axis, straight, with smooth seta the length of one autozooid. Single axial vibraculum without rhizoidal foramen. Rhizoids tubular, with some short- spaced retroussé hooks. Ovicells subglobular, with ectooecium perforated by 9–18 rounded pores with raised edges; ovicelled zooids with 2 inner and 3 outer spines.

Remarks. Marcus (1938) figured specimens from Santos (São Paulo, Brazil) as Scrupocellaria bertholletii , characterized by zooids with bifurcating frontal scuta and distolateral avicularia (see Marcus 1938, pl. 5, figs 11A, B). In his description, however, he mentioned variations in the shape of the scutum (sometimes trifurcate) and the presence of a very large frontal avicularium with a high base in some zooids; these characteristics were observed in Marcus’s specimens at NHMUK (NHMUK 1948.2.16.46, 2010.12.6.28).

Distribution. Atlantic Ocean: Brazil (São Paulo); about 20 m depth.

Figures

FIGURE 17. Cradoscrupocellaria marcusorum n. sp. A–F, NHMUK 2010.12.6.28, holotype, Santos, Brazil. A, Frontal surface of colony; note the absence of lateral avicularia. B, Frontal surface of branch bifurcation; joints pass across the proximal opesia of outer zooids at the bifurcation; note the gigantic frontal avicularium at upper right. C, Close-up of a branch bifurcation; note the presence of a small scutum and four distal spines (three outer and one inner). D, Frontal view of avicularia; note the slightly curved rostrum. E, Abfrontal surface of colony. F, Abfrontal surface of branch bifurcation; note the small vibracular chambers.