Cradoscrupocellaria hastingsae, VIEIRA & JONES & WINSTON, 2013

VIEIRA, LEANDRO M., JONES, MARY E. SPENCER & WINSTON, JUDITH E., 2013, <p class = " HeadingRunIn " align = " left "> <strong> <em> Cradoscrupocellaria </ em>, a new bryozoan genus for <em> Scrupocellaria bertholletii </ em> (Audouin) and related species (Cheilostomata, Candidae): taxonomy, biodiversity and distribution </ strong> </ p>, Zootaxa 3707 (1), pp. 1-63 : 28

Cradoscrupocellaria hastingsae n. sp.

( Fig. 12 , Table 3)

Scrupocellaria bertholletii Audouin : Hastings 1930: 703 (in part), pl. 1, figs 1, 2, 4, 5 (non pl. 1, fig. 3). [Galapagos Islands] Not Acamarchis Bertholletii Audouin, 1826: 241 . [ Egypt]

Material examined. Holotype. NHMUK 2010.12 .6.8 ( Fig. 12 ), Scrupocellaria bertholletii, A.B. Hastings det., St George Collection , Galapagos 9, Specimen 31F, Tagus Cove , Albemarle Island, Galapagos . Paratypes: NHMUK 1929.4 .26.244, data as for holotype , but Specimen 8E (figured by Hastings 1930: pl. 1, figs 2, 4, 5). NHMUK 1929.4 .26.25, same data as holotype , but Specimen 31F 1. NHMUK 2010.12.6.9–12, same data as holotype . NHMUK 2010.12 .6.13, same data as holotype , but Specimen 31F 1. NHMUK 2010.12 .6.14, same data as holotype , but Specimen 31F 2. NHMUK 2010.12 .6.15, same data as holotype , but Specimen 1G (figured by Hastings 1930, pl. 1, fig. 1). Additional specimens. NHMUK 1929.4.26.228pt, Scrupocellaria bertholletii, A.B. Hastings det., St George Collection, Galapagos 10, Specimen 43C 1–2, Tagus Cove, Galapagos . NHMUK 1929.4.26.24pt, same data as the holotype, but Specimen 7E 1–2 .

Type locality. Galapagos Islands .

Etymology. Honorific for the late British bryozoologist Anna Birchall Hastings (1902–1977).

Diagnosis. Chitinous joints passing across opesia in outer zooids at bifurcation (zooids C and D); zooids with 1–2 inner and 2–3 outer distal spines; 5 distal spines in axial zooid; scutum sometimes present, slender, bifurcated (rarely trifurcated); large distolateral avicularium present in each zooid; dimorphic aquiline frontal avicularium with elongate base, triangular mandible directed forward; ooecium globular, with several rounded pseudopores.

Description. Colony erect, branches comprising 5–11 zooids. Internodes with alternating zooids, slightly back to back; acute bifurcating pattern; chitinous joints passing across opesia in outer zooids at bifurcation (zooids C and D) and across proximal gymnocyst of inner zooids (F and G). Autozooids elongate, almost rectangular, slightly tapering proximally. Oval opesia occupying three quarters of zooid length; cryptocyst smooth, wide and deep around opesia. Slender scutum sometimes present, inserted at midline or slightly distally at inner opesial border, bifurcated (rarely trifurcated), with acute points and slightly directed downwards, overarching part of the frontal membrane. Distal spines often broken, unbranched; 1–2 inner and 2–3 outer distal spines; axial zooid with 5 distal spines. One conspicuous avicularium present in outer distal corner of each zooid, 0.061 –0.092 mm long, directed laterally; rostrum triangular with serrated lateral edge and slightly hooked tip. Frontal avicularia dimorphic: small avicularia triangular with slightly serrated edges, obliquely directed downward and positioned below the opesia; large aquiline avicularium, occupying majority of gymnocyst, directed forward, mandible triangular and hooked. Vibracular chamber present on basal surface of each zooid, inconspicuous in frontal view; chamber trapezoidal, occupying a quarter of basal surface, with a large rhizoidal foramen on its proximal outer corner; setal groove transverse to internode axis, with smooth seta as long as an autozooid. Single axial vibraculum almost trapezoidal, without rhizoidal foramen. Rhizoids tubular, smooth. Ovicells globular, more flattened proximally than distally, with ectooecium perforated by several funnel-shaped pores linked by internal sutures; ovicelled zooids with 1–2 inner and 2 outer spines.

Remarks. A portion of the specimens from the Galapagos Islands identified as Scrupocellaria bertholletii by Hastings (1930) are here assigned to C. hastingsae n. sp. The second species from Galapagos, C. galapagensis n. sp., is distinguished from C. hastingsae n. sp. by its highly branched scutum, a wider basal vibraculum and the shape and position of the frontal avicularia.

Distribution. Pacific Ocean: Tagus Cove, Galapagos Islands.

Figures

FIGURE 12. Cradoscrupocellaria hastingsae n. sp. A–F, NHMUK 2010.12.6.8, holotype, Galapagos. A, Frontal surface of colony. B, Frontal surface of branch bifurcation; note the joints passing across opesia in outer zooids at bifurcation. C, Close-up of a branch; note one zooid without scutum and three distalmost zooids with forked scutum. D, Close-up of zooid; note the absence of a scutum and the gigantic frontal avicularium. E, Abfrontal surface of colony. F, Abfrontal surface of branch bifurcation.