Cradoscrupocellaria gorgonensis, VIEIRA & JONES & WINSTON, 2013

VIEIRA, LEANDRO M., JONES, MARY E. SPENCER & WINSTON, JUDITH E., 2013, <p class = " HeadingRunIn " align = " left "> <strong> <em> Cradoscrupocellaria </ em>, a new bryozoan genus for <em> Scrupocellaria bertholletii </ em> (Audouin) and related species (Cheilostomata, Candidae): taxonomy, biodiversity and distribution </ strong> </ p>, Zootaxa 3707 (1), pp. 1-63 : 26-28

Cradoscrupocellaria gorgonensis n. sp.

( Fig. 11 , Table 3)

Scrupocellaria bertholletii Audouin : Hastings 1930: 703 (in part), (non pl. 1, figs 1–5). [Gorgona Island]

Not Acamarchis Bertholletii Audouin, 1826: 241 . [ Egypt]

Material examined. Holotype. NHMUK 2010.12 .6.4 ( Fig. 11 ), Scrupocellaria bertholletii, A.B. Hastings det., St. George Collection , Gorgona 3, Specimen 15D . Paratypes. NHMUK 1929.4 .26.19, same data as holotype . NHMUK 2010.12 .6.5, same data as holotype . NHMUK 2010.12 .6.6, same data as holotype . NHMUK 2010.12 .6.7, same data as holotype . Additional specimens. NHMUK 1929.4 .26.18, same data as holotype . NHMUK 1929.4.26.18pt, same data as holotype . USNM 559196 , Scrupocellaria bertholletii , Panama, ( Lot 124 Museum of Comparative Zoology) .

Type locality. Gorgona , Colombia .

Etymology. Alluding to the type locality.

Diagnosis. Chitinous joints passing across opesia in outer zooids at bifurcation (zooids C and D); zooids with 2 inner and 3–4 outer distal spines; one median distal spine sometimes present; scutum slender, branched twice; small distolateral avicularium present on each zooid; dimorphic frontal avicularium with triangular curved mandible, directed forward and slightly downward; ooecium globular, with several rounded pseudopores linked by internal sutures.

Description. Colony erect, highly branched, branches of 5–9 zooids. Internodes with alternating zooids, slightly back to back, pattern acutely bifurcating; chitinous joints passing across opesia in outer zooids at bifurcation (zooids C and D), and across proximal gymnocyst of inner zooids (F and G). Autozooids elongate, subrectangular, slightly tapering proximally. Oval opesia occupying distal two thirds of zooid length; crytptocyst smooth, deep, forming strip around opesia. Scutum slender, inserted at midline of inner opesial border, branched twice and with acute tips, covering less than half area of frontal membrane. Distal spines straight and long, often broken, unbranched; 2 inner and 3–4 outer distal spines, a median distal spine often present; axial zooid with 5 spines. One inconspicuous distolateral avicularium present in each zooid, 0.033 –0.051 mm long, laterally directed, obscured by outer spines and ovicells; rostrum triangular, with serrated lateral edge and slightly hooked tip. Variably sized frontal avicularium present in outer zooids along internodes, with triangular curved rostrum and mandible, directed obliquely forward and downward. Vibracular chamber present on basal surface of each zooid, inconspicuous in frontal view; chamber trapezoidal, occupying one quarter of basal surface, with rhizoidal foramen on its proximal outer corner; setal groove transverse to internode axis, with smooth seta twice autozooid length. Single, near-triangular axial vibraculum, without rhizoidal foramen. Rhizoids tubular, smooth. Ovicells globular, with ectooecium perforated by several rounded pores linked by internal sutures; ovicelled zooids with 2 inner and 3 outer spines.

Remarks. Part of Hasting’s (1930) specimens are identified here as Cradoscrupocellaria gorgonensis n. sp., which resembles C. hastingsae n. sp. in its overall appearance, but differs in the shape of the frontal scutum— twice-bifurcating in C. gorgonensis ( Fig. 11C ) and forked in C. hastingsae ( Fig. 12C )—and the shape and size of the frontal and distolateral avicularia.

Distribution. Pacific Ocean: Gorgona Island, Colombia.

Figures

FIGURE 11. Cradoscrupocellaria gorgonensis n. sp. A–F, NHMUK 2010.12.6.4, holotype, Gorgona. A, Frontal surface of colony. B, Frontal surface of two branches with ovicelled zooids. C, Close-up of a branch; note the frontal avicularium with curved rostrum. D, Close-up of frontal avicularium; note the serrated rostrum, hooked distally. E, Abfrontal surface of colony. F, Abfrontal surface of branch bifurcation.

FIGURE 12. Cradoscrupocellaria hastingsae n. sp. A–F, NHMUK 2010.12.6.8, holotype, Galapagos. A, Frontal surface of colony. B, Frontal surface of branch bifurcation; note the joints passing across opesia in outer zooids at bifurcation. C, Close-up of a branch; note one zooid without scutum and three distalmost zooids with forked scutum. D, Close-up of zooid; note the absence of a scutum and the gigantic frontal avicularium. E, Abfrontal surface of colony. F, Abfrontal surface of branch bifurcation.