Dallatorrella albata (Weld)

LIU, ZHIWEI, 2001, Phylogeny, Biogeography, and Revision of the Subfamily Dallatorrellinae (Hymenoptera: Liopteridae), American Museum Novitates 3353 (1), pp. 1-22 : 11-16

Dallatorrella albata (Weld)

Figures 6, 8–10, 12, 14 , 16, 18

Mesocynips albata Weld, 1944: 55 , ♀. Dallatorrella albata (Weld) ; Ronquist, 1995b: 43.

DESCRIPTION: Length: ♀ 9.0 mm. Body almost entirely black, except antennae, legs, and metasoma ventrally dark brown. Forewing clear with a distal, ferruginous macula, and hind wing entirely transparent.

Face between eyes and vertex densely punctate with long hairs; antennal scrobes glabrous; lower face glabrate, with sparse hairs. Median frontal carina almost percurrent, indistinct only shortly at middle of low­ er face, and strongly raised into a laminate, apically round triangular process between ocellar plate and antennal sockets. Eyes prominent, strongly protruding beyond temple and 1.2 times as long as height of malar space. Gena and malar space glabrate and sparsely punctate with hair; malar space with a vertical, almost linear shallow impression beneath eye. Clypeus laterally not curved and anteroventrally with a broad triangular emargination, with radiating striation continued to lower face. Lateral pronotal carina slightly not reaching pronotal crest dorsomedially. Lateral pronotal area mostly fove­ ate­reticulate except ventral one­fourth or so glabrous; lateroventral margin roundly emarginated. Mesoscutum strongly costulate transversely and sparsely foveate with long hairs; median mesoscutal impression only present as a short impression posteriorly; notauli percurrent, diverging anteriorly; parascutal carina conspicuously raised and produced posteriorly into a triangle. Lateral margin of axilla raised. Lateral bar laterally curved inward, shortest distance between lateral margins of lateral bar distinctly narrower than maximal width of scutellum behind. Scutellar sulcus divided by two submedian carinae into three large foveae. Dorsal surface of foveate­reticulate with sparse long hairs. In dorsal view, scutellum broadly rounded posteriorly. Axillula with conspicuous white pubescence. Mesopleuron glabrous; mesopleural triangle with conspicuous white pubescence. Metepisternum glabrous, process ventrally projected from metapleural carina small. Lateral propodeal carina strongly raised anterodorsally into laminate process. Metasomal T3 distinctly longer than T4 along a dorsal median line; all postpetiolar metasomal terga with more or less dense hairs; T5–T6 dorsally with a band of dense hairs along posterior margin. Apical metatibial process apically tapering, reaching slightly beyond apex of metatibia. Pubescence sparse on femurs and conspicuous on tibiae and tarsomeres.

DIAGNOSIS: Dallatorrella albata is similar to D. maculata , can be distinguished from the latter by (1) female metasoma with more or less dense hairs on all terga, (2) dorsally with a band of dense hairs along posterior margin of T5–T6, and (3) T3 distinctly longer than T4 along a lateral median line. In fact, the species can be easily distinguished from all other species by its band of dense, long hairs along posterior margin of metasomal T5–T6.

DISTRIBUTION: Philippines: Mindanao.

MATERIAL EXAMINED: 2♀. USNM: 1♀ (Type, #56810), Mindanao: Surigao; 1♀ ( NHM), locality as type .

Dallatorrella carinifrons (Cameron)

Figures 37, 39, 41

Paramblynotus carinifrons Cameron, 1910a: 132 , ♀.

Dallatorrella carinifrons (Cameron) ; Weld, 1952: 162. Ronquist, 1995b: 42.

DESCRIPTION: Length: ♀ 9.0 mm. Head and mesosoma including legs entirely black, metasoma brown. Wings ferruginous and somewhat lighter toward base.

Face, most of gena, and vertex moderately punctate with long hairs; antennal scrobes glabrous; lower face less hairy, with distinct, extensive radiating striations that reach laterally lower margin of eye. Median frontal carina almost percurrent, discontinued only at middle of lower face, and strongly raised into a laminate, dorsally somewhat flattened triangular process between ocellar plate and antennal sockets. Eyes prominent, strongly protruding beyond temple and 1.2 times as long as height of malar space. Malar space glabrate and sparsely punctate with hairs; malar space with a distinct vertical, almost linear impression beneath eye. Clypeus laterally distinctly incised, anteroventrally with a broad triangular emargination, and with radiating striation continued to lower face. Lateral pronotal carina laterally strong and crestlike, dorsomedially not quite reaching pronotal crest. Lateral pronotal area mostly foveate­reticulate except a small area ventrally glabrate; lateroventral margin straight. Mesoscutum strongly costulate transversely and sparsely foveate with long hairs; median mesoscutal impression only present as a short impression posteriorly; notauli percurrent, diverging anteriorly; parascutal carina conspicuously raised and produced posteriorly into a triangle. Lateral margin of axilla raised. Lateral bar broad, laterally almost straight, shortest distance between lateral margins of lateral bar as wide as maximal width of scutellum behind. Scutellar sulcus subdivided by two submedian carinae into three large foveae. Dorsal surface of scutellum foveate­reticulate with sparse long hairs. In dorsal view, scutellum broadly rounded posteriorly. Axillula with conspicuous white pubescence. Mesopleuron glabrous; mesopleural triangle with conspicuous white pubescence. Metepisternum punctate with hairs in upper part and strongly depressed with conspicuous pubescence in lower part, process ventrally projected from metapleural carina well developed. Lateral propodeal carina evenly raised and dorsally with dense pubescence. Metasomal T3 distinctly longer than T4 along dorsal median line; T3­T6 with only sparse long hairs dorsally, T7–T8 with more or less evenly distributed long hairs, and tend to be congregated into a medial band lateroventrally on T7. Apical metatibial process tapering apically, reaching slightly beyond apex of metatibia. Pubescence sparse on femurs and conspicuous on tibiae and tarsomeres.

DIAGNOSIS: D. carinifrons is very similar to D. sinica , and can be distinguished from the latter by the following characters (1) gena in front view almost straight (fig. 37), (2) median frontal carina continuous to middle of lower face, and (3) lateral margin of axilla laterally distinctly narrower than scutellum behind. In addition, metasoma of D. carinifrons is light brown, differing from D. sinica , which has black metasoma. The last flagellomere of female antennae has a more or less distinct segmentation.

DISTRIBUTION: Malaysia: Borneo; Singapore.

MATERIAL EXAMINED: 4♀: 1♀ (holotype, NHM, #7.10.), Malaysia : Kuching; 1♀ ( AEI), Malaysia : Negri S., Pasoh Forest Reserve ; 1♀ ( NHM), Sarawak : Mt. Matang ; 1♀ ( NHM), Singapore .

Dallatorrella maculata Liu , new species

Figures 11, 13, 15 , 17, 19

DESCRIPTION: Length: ♀ 6.5–10.0 mm. Body almost entirely black, except metasoma ventrally somewhat brownish; fore­ and middle legs dark brown and hindlegs black. Wings transparent, forewing with a distinctly contrasting, ferruginous macula distally.

Vertex, face, and gena glabrous; vertex and gena sparsely punctate with long hairs along margins and lower face evenly punctate with hairs; antennal scrobes glabrous. Median frontal carina present only as a linear, slight elevation in lower face and strongly raised into a prominent laminate, dorsally somewhat flattened triangular process between ocellar plate and antennal sockets. Eyes prominent, strongly protruding beyond temple and 1.5 times as long as height of malar space. Malar space glabrate and sparsely punctate with hair, and with a distinct vertical, almost linear impression be­ neath eye. Clypeus laterally distinctly incised, anteroventrally with a broad triangular emargination, and with radiating striation. Lateral pronotal carina distinct, but not crestlike, dorsomedially not reaching pronotal crest. Lateral pronotal area mostly foveatereticulate except a small area ventrally glabrate; lateroventral margin straight. Mesoscutum strongly costulate transversely within area delimited by notauli; costulae in area laterad to notauli diminutive; whole surface of mesoscutum sparsely, weakly foveate with long hairs; median mesoscutal impression only present as a short impression posteriorly; notauli percurrent, diverging anteriorly; parascutal carina conspicuously raised and produced posteriorly into a nearly right angle. Lateral margin of axilla raised. Lateral bar broad with foveae, laterally slightly curved inward, shortest distance between lateral margins of lateral bars slightly smaller than maximal width of scutellum behind. Scutellar sulcus subdivided by two submedian carinae into three large foveae. Dorsal surface of scutellum foveate­reticulate with sparse, long hair. In dorsal view, scutellum broadly rounded posteriorly. Axillula with conspicuous white pubescence. Mesopleuron glabrous; mesopleural triangle with conspicuous white pubescence. Metepisternum glabrous; metapleural carina projected ventrally into a robust process and posterior to it present an additional, less prominent process. Lateral propodeal carina slightly raised anterodorsally. Metasomal T3 longer than T4 along dorsal median line; T6 as large as T4 and T5 combined, T7 posteriorly oblique and broadly curved, about 1.25 times as long as T6 and 2 times as long as T8. T3–T5 glabrous; T6 largely glabrous with a conspicuous band of pubescence dorsolaterally along posterior margin; T7–T8 more or less evenly punctate with long hair; T7 also with a conspicuous patch of pubescence lateroventrally. Apical metatibial process tapering apically, distinctly reaching beyond apex of metatibia. Pubescence sparse on femurs and conspicuous on tibiae and tarsomeres.

DIAGNOSIS: This new species is similar to D. albata , differing from other species of the genus in that both species have distally maculated forewing and T6 of female metasoma dorsally with a band of dense pubescence

along posterior margin. The new species can be further separated from D. albata by lack of pubescence on T3–T5 of female metasoma, and T3 being only slightly longer than T4 along a lateral median line.

Male unknown.

DISTRIBUTION: Borneo: Sulawesi.

MATERIAL EXAMINED: Holotype ♀, Sulawesi: Tengah, Mt. Morowali, Ranu River Area , 27 January–20 April 1980, M. Brendell coll. ( NHM, London) . Paratypes 6♀: 5♀ , data as holotype ( NHM, London ) ; 1♀, Indonesia: Moluccas Bacan Island, Kampung, Wayamiga , VII­ 27–31 July 1981, A. C. Messer coll. ( USNM, Washington, DC) .

ADDITIONAL MATERIAL: 1♀, no collection data available.

ETYMOLOGY: The name maculata is from Latin, meaning spotted.

Dallatorrella maxima Liu , new species

Figures 20–22, 24, 26

DESCRIPTION: Length: ♀ 14.0 mm. Body and all legs entirely black, eyes brown. Wings transparent, forewing with a broad distinct ferruginous band across the middle and along outer margin.

Antenna slender in comparison with most species of the genus; median flagellomeres not distinctly constricted basally and apically. Vertex glabrous with shallow foveae behind ocellar plate and a few less distinct foveae along eye. Gena glabrous with evenly distributed shallow foveae, with or without hair. Upper face areolate­rugose except antennal scrobe glabrous. Lower face evenly foveate with dense pubescence in upper part and with radiating striation running from clypeus in lower one­third. Median frontal carina percurrent and strongly raised into a prominent laminate, dorsally somewhat flattened triangular process between ocellar plate and antennal sockets. Eyes prominent, strongly protruding beyond temple and slightly longer than height of malar space. Malar space glabrate and sparsely punctate with hair, with a distinct vertical, almost linear impression beneath eye. Clypeus laterally distinctly incised, anteroventrally with a broad triangular emargination and with radiating striation. Pronotum strongly expand­ ed posterolaterally to form a wide, flat dorsal area. Lateral pronotal carina distinct, dorsally widened ventrally and raised dorsally into a submedial lobular structure, and dorsomedially nearly reaching pronotal crest. Lateral pronotal area foveate­reticulate anterodorsally and glabrous lateroposteriorly; lateroventral margin straight. Mesoscutum strongly transversely costulate and foveate; foveae less distinct posteriorly; median mesoscutal impression only present as a short impression posteriorly; notauli percurrent, moderately diverging anteriorly; parascutal carina conspicuously raised and posteriorly rounded, not produced into an angle. Lateral margin of axilla not raised. Lateral bar broad and glabrous, laterally converging posteriorly, shortest distance between lateral margins of lateral bars distinctly larger than maximal width of scutellum. Scutellar sulcus subdivided by two longitudinal submedian carinae into three foveae. Dorsal surface of scutellum foveate­reticulate with sparse long hair; foveae more or less set in rows. In dorsal view, scutellum rounded posteriorly. Axillula without conspicuous pubescence. Mesopleuron glabrous; mesopleural triangle reduced into a narrow strip, without conspicuous pubescence. Metepisternum glabrous; metapleural carina projected ventrally into a robust process and posterior to it present an additional, less prominent process. Lateral propodeal carina dorsomedially strongly raised into a conspicuous hump and densely pubescent. Metasomal T3 distinctly longer than T4 along dorsal median line; T6 shorter than T4 and T5 combined, T7 posteriorly oblique and almost straight, twice as long as either T6 or T8. T3–T4 glabrous. T5 sparsely, finely punctate. T6 densely, finely punctate with pubescence dorsolaterally in anterior twothirds. T7 densely and finely punctate with pubescence anteriorly. T8 sparsely and coarsely punctate with pubescence, lateroventrally with a conspicuous patch of white pubescence. Apical metatibial process absent, only indicated by a long, slightly elevated transverse carina. Pubescence sparse on femurs and conspicuous on tibiae and tarsomeres.

DIAGNOSIS: This new species and D. pulla are similar to each other and differ from all other species of the genus in having (1) median frontal carina distinctly extended to clypeus in lower face (fig. 22), (2) pronotum strongly expanded posterolaterally (fig. 20), (3) mesosubpleuron ventrally projected into a triangular process, and (4) metepisternum with an extra process laterad to metacoxal foramen anterior to the prominent process extended from metapleural carina. D. maxima differs from D. pulla by having (1) lower face densely punctate with pubescence in upper half, (2) Mesoscutellum distinctly foveate­reticulate; without obvious transverse rugosity (fig. 24), (3) apical process of metatibia absent (fig. 26), and (4) Forewing with a wide band across middle and along outer margin, respectively, and hind wing with basal half transparent and distal half ferruginous except tip pale.

Male unknown.

DISTRIBUTION: Laos.

MATERIAL EXAMINED: Holotype ♀, Laos: Ban Van Heue, 20 km east of Phou­kowkuei , 15–31 June 1965, native collector coll. ( BPBM).

ETYMOLOGY: The name maxima is from Latin, meaning largest.

Dallatorrella pulla Liu , new species

Figures 23, 25, 27

DESCRIPTION: Length: 3 13.0 mm. Body and all legs almost entirely black, except metasoma slightly brownish ventrally. Wings evenly ferruginous.

Vertex mostly foveate, with small glabrous areas submedially. Gena glabrous with evenly distributed shallow foveae, with or without hair. Upper face areolate­rugose except antennal scrobes glabrous. Lower face with dense pubescence in a triangular area beneath antennal sockets and mostly with strong radiating striation running from clypeus. Median frontal carina percurrent and slightly weakened beneath antennal sockets; strongly raised into a distinct, dorsally round­ ed process between ocellar plate and antennal sockets; and raised beneath antennal sockets into a prominent ridge diminishing ventrally. Eyes prominent, only moderately protruding beyond temple and slightly longer than height of malar space. Malar space glabrate and sparsely punctate with hair, with a distinct, vertical, almost linear impression beneath eye. Clypeus laterally distinctly in­ cised, anteroventrally with a broad triangular emargination and with radiating striation. Pronotum strongly expanded posterolaterally to form a wide, flat dorsal area. Lateral pronotal carina distinct, dorsomedially not reaching pronotal crest; dorsally raised into a submedial lobular structure and thickened ventrally. Lateral pronotal area foveate­reticulate anterodorsally and glabrous lateroposteriorly; lateroventral margin straight. Mesoscutum strongly transversely costulate and mostly with foveae set in rows; median mesoscutal impression only present as a short impression posteriorly; notauli percurrent, moderately diverging anteriorly; parascutal carina conspicuously raised and posteriorly rounded, not produced into an angle. Lateral margin of axilla not raised. Lateral bar broad, with large fovea, laterally converging posteriorly, shortest distance between lateral margins of lateral bars distinctly larger than maximal width of scutellum. Scutellar sulcus subdivided by two submedian carinae into three foveae. Dorsal surface of scutellum scabrous to foveate­reticulate with sparse long hairs; foveae more or less set in rows without distinct division. In dorsal view, scutellum rounded posteriorly. Axillula without conspicuous pubescence. Mesopleuron glabrous; mesopleural triangle reduced into a narrow strip, without conspicuous pubescence. Metepisternum glabrous; metapleural carina projected ventrally into a robust process and posterior to it present an additional, less prominent process. Lateral propodeal carina evenly raised dorsally into a ridge and pubescent along base. Apical metatibial process present, but only as a blunt, short process. Pubescence sparse on femurs and conspicuous on tibiae and tarsomeres.

DIAGNOSIS: The new species is similar to D. maxima (see above), but differs from the latter in (1) lower face nearly entirely radiate­carinate, (2) forewing evenly ferrugineous, mesoscutellum distinctly foveate­reticulate and not distinctly transversely rugose, (3) metatibia with a short, distally rounded apical process, and (4) dorsal surface of mesoscutellum scabrous (fig. 25).

Female unknown.

DISTRIBUTION: Malay.

MATERIAL EXAMINED: Holotype 3, Malay: Pahang, F.M.S. Fraser’s Hill, 4000 ft, 6 March 1946, no data on collector, with an extra label ‘‘ Ex F.M.S. Museum, B.M. 1955– 354’’ ( NHM, London).

ETYMOLOGY: The name pulla is from Latin, meaning dark­colored, blackish, grayish black.

Dallatorrella ronquisti Liu , new species

Figures 28, 30, 32

DESCRIPTION: Length: ♀ 6.0 –9.0 mm. Head and mesosoma black; legs brown to dark brown. Metasoma brown to dark brown. Wings evenly ferruginous.

Vertex glabrous and sparsely punctate with hair. Gena glabrous and shallowly foveate to punctate with hair; face foveate with dense pubescence; antennal scrobe glabrous and relatively densely punctate with hair close to base antennal socket. Median frontal carina strongly raised into a prominent laminate, dorsally slightly flattened and trapezoid (in lateral view) process between ocellar plate and antennal sockets; indistinct in upper low­ er face and raised to a low ridge ventrally in lower face. Lower face with conspicuous pubescence, which makes sculpture not easily observable. Eyes prominent, strongly protruding beyond temple and 1.5 times as long as height of malar space. Malar space glabrate and sparsely punctate with hair; vertical impression beneath eye absent. Clypeus laterally distinctly incised, anteroventrally with a broad triangular emargination and with radiating striation. Lateral pronotal carina distinct, crest like lateroventally, dorsomedially not reaching pronotal crest. Lateral pronotal area mostly foveate­reticulate except one third lateroventrally glabrate; lateroventral margin straight. Mesoscutum strongly costulate transversely and sparsely punctate with long hair; median mesoscutal impression only present as a short impression posteriorly; notauli percurrent, strongly diverging anteriorly; parascutal carina conspicuously raised and produced posteriorly into a triangular process. Lateral margin of axilla not raised. Lateral bar moderately wide and longitudinally costate, laterally straight; shortest distance between lateral margins of lateral bars as large as maximal width of scutellum. Scutellar sulcus subdivided by two submedian carinae into three large foveae. Dorsal surface of scutellum foveate­reticulate with long hair. In dorsal view, scutellum nearly truncate posteriorly, only rounded posterolateally. Axillula with inconspicuous, whitish pubescence. Mesopleuron glabrous; mesopleural triangle with inconspicuous whitish pubescence. Metepisternum glabrous; metapleural carina projected ventrally into a robust, short process. Lateral propodeal carina raised dorsally throughout. Metasomal T3 longer than T4 along dorsal median line. T6 slightly shorter than T4 and T5 combined. T7 posteriorly oblique and nearly straight, slightly longer than T6 and about 1.4 times as long as T8. T3–T6 sparsely punctate with hair laterodorsally and glabrous lateroventally. T7–T8 evenly, sparsely punctate with long hair. Apical metatibial process apically tapering, not reaching apex of metatibia. Pubescence sparse on femurs and tibiae, conspicuous on tarsomeres.

DIAGNOSIS: The new species is similar to D. carinifrons , D. rubriventris , and D. sinica , but differs from them by having eyes prominent and distinctly longer than malar space (fig. 28), lower part of lateral surface of pronotum glabrous (fig. 28), and mesoscutellum truncate posteriorly (fig. 30).

Male unknown.

DISTRIBUTION: Papua New Guinea.

MATERIAL EXAMINED: Holotype ♀, Papua New Guinea, Bulolo , 21 October 1981, Manki L. A. coll. ( NHM, London) . Paratypes 4♀: 2♀, data as holotype ( NHM, London) ; 1♀, no collection data available, presumably from Aru (Ronquist, 1995b); 1♀, New Guinea, NE Green River Post, 200 m, Wet Forest, 26 June 1963, S. Straatman coll. ( BPBM) .

COMMENTS: The paratype in BPBM differs from the other type specimens in that the transverse sculptures on the lateral sides of pronotum are more obvious and the abdomen is darker.

ETYMOLOGY: This species is named after F. Ronquist for his contributions to the systematic studies on the Liopteridae , which facilitated this present work and my other ongoing researches on the family.

Figures

Figs. 1–8. 1–5, 7. Mesocynips insignis. 1. Head in frontal view; 2. Head and pronotum in dorsal view; 3. Mesosoma in lateral view; 4. Posterior part of mesoscutum and mesoscutellum in dorsal view; 5. Metatibia in laterodorsal view; 7. Forewing. 6, 8: Dallatorrella albata. 6. Metatibia in laterodorsal view; 8. Forewing.

Figs. 9–15. 9, 10, 12, and 14: Dallatorrella albata. 9. Female antenna. 10. Head in frontal view; 12, Mesoscutellum; 14. Metasoma in lateral view. 11, 13, 15: Dallatorrella maculata. 11. Head in frontal view; 13, Mesoscutellum; 15. Metasoma in lateral view.

Figs. 16–21. 16, 18: Dallatorrella albata. 16. Vertex; 18. Head and mesosoma in lateral view. 17, 19: Dallatorrella maculata. 17. Vertex; 19. Head and mesosoma in lateral view. 20, 21: Dallatorrella maxima. 20. Head and pronotum in dorsal view; 21. Mesosoma in lateral view.

Figs. 34–41. 34. Dallatorrella ronquisti, head in dorsal view. 35. Dallatorrella sinica, head in front view. 36, 38, 40: Dallatorrella rubriventris. 36. Head in frontal view; 38. Mesosoma in lateral view; 40. Metasoma in lateral view. 37, 39, 41: Dallatorrella carinifrons. 37. Head in front view; 39. Mesosoma in lateral view; 41. Metasoma in lateral view.

Figs. 22–27. 22, 24, 26: Dallatorrella maxima. 22. Head in frontal view; 24. Mesoscutellum; 26. Metatibia in laterodorsal view. 23, 25, 27: Dallatorrella pulla. 23. Head in frontal view; 25. Mesoscutellum; 27. Metatibia in laterodorsal view.

Figs. 28–33. 28, 30, 32: Dallatorrella ronquisti. 28. Head and mesosoma in lateral view; 30. Mesoscutellum; 32. Mesosoma and metatibia in lateral view. 29, 31, 33: Dallatorrella sinica. 29. Head and mesosoma in lateral view; 31. Mesoscutellum; 33. Metatibia in lateral view.